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Percival Goodman
Born	(1904-01-13)January 13, 1904 New York, New York
Died	October 11, 1989(1989-10-11) (aged 85) New York, New York
Nationality	American
Occupation	Architect
Buildings	B’Nai Israel, Millburn, New Jersey Fifth Avenue Synagogue, New York Shaarey Zedek, Southfield, Michigan Temple Beth Sholom, Miami Beach

Percival Goodman (13 January, 1904 - 11 October, 1989) was an American urban theorist and architect who designed more than 50 synagogues between 1948 and 1983. He has been called “the most prolific architect in Jewish history.”

Biography

Percival Goodman was born in New York, New York to wealthy parents who were artists. His brother was the noted writer and sociologist Paul Goodman. In 1925, Percival Goodman received the Society of Beaux-Arts Architects Paris Prize which sent him to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France for architectural training.

In the earlier part of his career, Goodman designed department store interiors, apartments, and country houses. He also had an interest in urban planning: he submitted a 1930 proposal for the Palace of the Soviets in Moscow, and proposed a master plan for Long Island City. He was an early critic of Robert Moses’s parkway plans for New York City, preferring to “improve the center and make livable neighborhoods”; he also also criticized the garden city theories of Ebenezer Howard and the Ville radieuse of Le Corbusier.

Goodman called himself “an agnostic who was converted by Hitler,” and after the war he became more interested in Jewish architecture. At a 1947 conference of the Reform Jewish movement, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, Goodman advocated the use of modern architecture for new Jewish buildings, rather than following the models of older churches and synagogues. He quickly began to receive commissions. Many of these were for new buildings in suburban areas reachable only by car, and Goodman responded by using a variety of designs intended to attract motorists’ attention. In 1949 his proposal was selected for a large Holocaust memorial in Manhattan’s Riverside Park, but it was never built.

His design for B’nai Israel in Millburn, New Jersey (1951) has been called “the first truly modern synagogue.” Goodman stressed the use of modern sculpture and artworks and the use of natural light.

Percival Goodman was also considered a distinguished urban theorist. He was the co-author, with his brother Paul, of the landmark urban planning text Communitas, and he illustrated editions of a number of his brother’s other works. He was a professor at the Columbia University architecture school for more than 25 years, and a fellow of the American Institute of Architects. In 2001, Columbia exhibited a retrospective of his works at its Wallach Gallery.

Selected buildings

• B’nai Israel, Millburn, New Jersey (1951)
• Temple Beth Sholom, Miami Beach, Florida (1954)[1]
• Temple Israel, Tulsa, Oklahoma (1955)[2][3]
• Temple of Aaron, St. Paul, Minnesota (1956) [4][5]
• Congregation Beth Emeth, Albany, New York(1957)[6]
• Fifth Avenue Synagogue, New York, New York (1959)[7]
• Shaarey Zedek, Southfield, Michigan (1962) [8]
• Temple Beth El, Rochester, New York[9]

Selected writings

• Communitas: Means of Livelihood and Ways of Life, with Paul Goodman (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947); revised 2nd edition (New York: Vintage Books, 1960); revised 3rd edition (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990)
• “Banning Cars from Manhattan”, with Paul Goodman (essay in Dissent (Summer 1961))
• The Double E (Anchor Press, 1977)
• Illustrator for various books by Paul Goodman including: Parents Day; Don Juan: Or, The Continuum of the Libido; and Stop-Light: Five Dance Poems.

See also

• Kimberly Elman, Percival Goodman: Architect-Planner-Teacher-Painter (Princeton Architectural Press, 2001).

Category:1904 births|Goodman, Percival Category:1989 deaths|Goodman, Percival Category:American architects|Goodman, Percival Category:Jewish architects|Goodman, Percival Category:Columbia University faculty