User:Arsalanm110/Sandbox 2
Elevated Plus Maze Variations
[edit]Elevated Zero Maze (EZM)
[edit]
The EZM is a circular runway elevated from the floor that consists of alternating open lit area and enclosed dark areas.[1][2] The uninterrupted nature of the runway eliminates the problem of the center area of the EPM. In the EPM test subjects will spend up to 30 % of their time in the ambiguous central start area or return to it often, which makes it difficult to evaluate anxiety related behaviour.[3] When measuring time spent in the open or closed
In untreated rats EZM showed higher exploration of open areas then in the EPM which suggests that the EPM inhibits exploration because the rats spent time in the central zone of the plus. The EZM is more sensitive to changes then the EPM.[1]
Elevated T Maze (ETM)
[edit]The ETM has three arms. One arm is closed and is perpendicular to the other two arms which are open. This test is designed to learn about anxiety and how it effects learning. The rat is placed on an open arm and given time to get used to only that open arm. Because of this exposure, in later trials the rat is less likely to leave that arm. 24 hours later the rat is placed at the end of the enclosed arm and measured on how long it takes to leave the arm.[2] This is a measurement of inhibitory avoidance. Rats were trained until they learned to stay in the enclosed arm. Depending on what the rats were treated with during the training sessions, they would learn at different rates.[4]
- ^ a b Braun, Amanda A; Skelton, Matthew R; Vorhees, Charles V; Williams, Michael Y (2011). "Comparison of the elevated plus and elevated zero mazes in treated and untreated male Sprague-Dawley rats: Effects of anxiolytic and anxiogenic agents". Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 97 (3): 406-415.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b Campos, Alline C; Fogaca, Manoela V; Aguiar, Daniele C; Guimaraes, Francisco S (2013). "Animal models of anxiety disorders and stress". Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 35: 101-111.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Bailey, KR; Crawley, JN (2009). Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience (2nd ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
- ^ Asth, Laila; Rachetti, Vanessa; Gavioli, Elaine C; Andre, Eunice; Lobao-Soares, Bruno (2012). "The elevated T-maze task as an animal model to simultaneously investigate the effects of drugs on long-term memory and anxiety in mice". Brain Research Bulletin. 87: 526-533.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help)