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Port of Harbin 哈尔滨港
Harbin Port in Heilongjiang Province
Location
Country	China
Location	Songhua river, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province
Coordinates	45.80035°N 126.66940°E / 45.80035; 126.66940
UN/LOCODE	CNHRN/CNHRB
Details
Opened	1898
Operated by	Heilongjiang Shipping Group
Owned by	Heilongjiang People's Government
Type of harbour	Inland
Land area	​​13,000 square meters
No. of berths	14 over 1000 DWT)
Draft depth	4.5m
Employees	1,475
Director	Ha Da [哈达]
Address	1 Haiyuan Street Taiping District Harbin, Heilongjiang 150050 China
Statistics
Annual cargo tonnage	3.5 million metric tons
Passenger traffic	500,000
Website http://www.njp.com.cn

The Port of Harbin is an inland port in northeast China. The port is located on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Songhua River, on the northeast corner of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest water and land transfer hub port on the inland rivers in Northeast China. It connects with all other water ports in the Heilongjiang, Songhua, Nenjiang, and Ussuri rivers. In 1989, it was granted status of a type I port of entry, meaning its cargo can clear customs at the port and be shipped directly to foreign destinations, and it carried significant trade with neighboring Russia. As of 2024, its operation as an inland port has been threatened by the low water levels of the Songhua river, despite long term efforts to stabilize the river, and its operation as a port of entry has been suspended.

History

In 1896, during the waning years of the Qing Dynasty, the Russians, through the Li–Lobanov Treaty, obtained the rights to build the Chinese Eastern Railway, and the modern city of Harbin was founded as the main hub and headquarter of the railway in 1898. In the new town, two ship wharves were built at the Wharf District (now Daoli district 道里区）and the Fujiadian district (now Daowai district) in order to transport construction material. After the completion of the railway in 1903, the CER company took over the running of the port. During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Russia laid a railway line along the coast of the Eighth District Wharf in Butou District (from the Binzhou Line Railway Bridge to Daowai Toudao Street) to increase the port's throughput capacity. }

In 1918, after the founding of the Republic of China, the Chinese government founded the Wutong Navigation Company (戊通航业公司) to take charge of the running of the port. Changes in the waterway and the loss of the dock area to silting meant the relocation of the main wharf to the Daowai area. The Sankeshu area was chosen as the main wharf, and it became the center of the port thereinafter. (Harbin Port gradually became a transit port for land and water transport. Port facilities, berths and handling capacity also increased, and special terminals by ship type, passenger, cargo, and enterprise began to appear. By the 1920s, there were six main terminals extending several kilometers of the right bank of the Songhua. The annual throughput of the port was about 600,000 tons. Cargo loading and unloading was all carried out by local stevedores with little machinery.

The Japanese took over the city and its port after 1931. The Southern Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) took over control of the existing docks and expanded the Sankeshu dock to more of 400 meters of steel sheet pile wharf. Harbin Port became a hub port for water-land transshipment, and the Japanese ran the port both as a commercial port and as a forward logistics center for the Kwantung Army..

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Harbin Port was officially established as a state unit in March 1955, originally affiliated to the Northeast Inland River Shipping Bureau of the Ministry of Transport. In 1959, its administration was delegated to Heilongjiang Province. By this time, Harbin Port had two ports for administrative purposes, one for passenger transport and one for cargo transport.

In 1990, the freight port had 12 thousand-ton berths, 5 dedicated railway lines (5,624 meters long), and a throughput capacity of 3.5 million tonnes. Freight lines included routes from Harbin to Dalai, Jiamusi, Tongjiang, Heihe, Yixiken and other domestic routes, and internationally going through the Songhua and Heilongjiang waterways to Khabarovsk (Kaboli), and Blagoveshchensk (Hailanpao). Across the borders, the port was connected by the Amur river to ports in the Russian Far East such as Komsomolsk and Nikolayevsk. It mostly specialized in timber, coal, grain, ore, fertilizers, salt, and other bulk goods. The passenger port had routes from Harbin to Jiamusi, Beilaozhou, Dalai, Qinghe and other routes, operating a fleet of 13 large passenger ships. The passenger service started sailing in mid-April, and stops in early November every year, in 1990 with an annual passenger volume of nearly 500,000. A new passenger terminal was built on the south bank of the Songhua River in Beiqidao Street, Daowei in 1987. It was completed in October 1990. The waiting room could accommodate 1,500 people.

Port of Entry

The Harbin Water Transport Port was approved by the State Council in July 1987, and was approved by both China and the former Soviet Union as a internationally open port of entry. In October 1992, it was approved to open international passenger transport services.

Operation

The annual operation period is about 210 days, and the ice period is about 150 days in a typical year. Harbin Port is connected to the Heilongjiang-Songhua-Nenjiang-Ussuri waterways complex and its ports. It is also connected internationally to seven large and medium-sized city ports in Russia, including Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk, Nikolayevsk and Blagoveshchensk, via the Songhua River and Heilongjiang waterways. According to a standing agreement between China and Russia, Chinese international ships can then go to sea from the Port of Nikolayevsk via the Amur River section of Russia, and then enter the Sea of ​​Japan via the Tatar Strait to carry out international river-to-sea transport.

The port currently has an artificial vertical wharf of 1,454 meters, a production site area of ​​53 hectares (130 acres) on land, and a water area of 14 ha (35 acres). It has a total of 14 thousand-ton berths, including 3 timber berths, with a storage area of ​​13.6 ha (34 acres), and a 24-hour throughput capacity of 3,500 tonnes; 4 mining berths, with a storage area of ​​2.4 ha (5.9 acres), and a daily throughput capacity of 6,500 tons; bulk cargo, there are 2 grain berths, with a storage area of ​​1.6 hectares, and a daily throughput capacity of 1,000 tons; there is one foreign trade container berth, with a storage area of ​​6ha, a daily throughput capacity of about 2,000 tons, and the port’s comprehensive daily throughput capacity is 16,000-21,000 tonnes. There are currently 90 sets of various types of loading and unloading equipment, and there are 6 strands of special railway lines with an extension of 5,870 meters. The operating conditions on land and water are good. The designed annual throughput capacity is 3.65 million tons, and the approved annual throughput capacity is 3.24 million tons. The Harbin Shipping Building, which is responsible for passenger transport, is located 6 kilometers upstream of the freight terminal, with a construction area of ​​4,200 square meters, an artificial flood-proof ladder-type dock extending 480 meters, a land area of ​​13,000 square meters, and a water area of ​​15,000 square meters. There are 3 ship berths, with an annual passenger capacity of 100,000. In order to meet the needs of opening to the outside world, there is also an inspection unit office building of 5,000 square meters and on-site office space of 750 square meters. In recent years (as of 2024), due to the frequent suspension of navigation due to low water levels in the Songhua River and the adjustment of border trade policies, there has been no international passenger and freight traffic at this port.

History

水运及过江通道

松花江哈尔滨港于1989年被国务院批准为一类开放口岸，成为东北内河最大的水陆换装枢纽港和国际口岸港，汽轮可从哈尔滨上溯到吉林市，沿嫩江可上溯至齐齐哈尔市，哈尔滨以下可通千吨以上的江轮，经俄罗斯远东地区出海。目前已经实现江海联运，可直达日本海，由于上游吉林省经济飞速发展，用水需求加大，并有规划调剂松花江水去缓解辽宁省缺水状况，加之吉林石化污染等因素，松花江哈尔滨段面临断流危险，目前的权宜之计是渠化松花江，建立多座水电站，大顶子山航电枢纽工程已完工，依兰航电枢纽工程用地建设已通过预审，方正通河航电枢纽工程还在规划中。

哈尔滨市已经建成、在建、和计划建设的跨松花江大桥共9座。这9座跨江桥从松花江上游至下游的排列顺序依次是王万联络线跨江大桥（货运铁路桥）、四方台大桥(四环绕城高速)、西三环阳明滩跨江大桥、松花江公路大桥、滨洲铁路桥（新建哈大齐城际铁路客运桥）、松浦大桥（道外区二十道街公路桥）、东江桥（滨北铁路桥，公路桥功能由于年久失修被废弃）、东三环跨江大桥（取代东江桥，预计于2016年竣工）和下战备码头东四环跨江桥（绕城高速）。另外，根据规划，到2020年，哈尔滨市的越江通道还将有地铁2号线、4号线、5号线等The Harbin Port of Songhua River was approved as a Class I open port by the State Council in 1989, becoming the largest water-land transshipment hub port and international port in the Northeast. Ships could go up from Harbin to Jilin City, and along the Nenjiang River to Qiqihar City. These two routes have been almost cancelled as of 2024 due to low water levels. River ships of more than 1,000 tons can pass below Harbin and go to the sea through the Russian Far East. Water demands in the upstream province of Jilin has increased exponentially with economic growth, taking navigation water for consumption. A possible solution would be to channelize the Songhua River and build multiple hydropower stations (dams), creating a set of navigable reservoirs. The Dadingzishan Navigation and Power Hub Project has been already been completed, the land use construction of the Yilan Navigation and Power Hub Project has been approved, and the Fangzheng Tonghe Navigation and Power Hub Project is still under planning.

Facilities

　　哈尔滨水运口岸是1987年7月经国务院批准对外开放，并经中国与原苏联两国政府确认开通使用的国家开放口岸，1992年10月又经国家批准开通了国际客运业务。该口岸地处松花江中游南岸，黑龙江省省会哈尔滨市区东北部，是我国东北内河最大的水陆换装枢纽港，年营运期210天左右，冰封期约为150天，是一个典型的季节性生产港口。由哈尔滨港经松花江、黑龙江水道与俄罗斯的哈巴罗夫斯克、共青城、尼古拉耶夫斯克和布拉戈维申斯克等七个大中城市港口相通。根据中俄两国协议，中方国际船舶可经俄罗斯阿穆尔河段由尼古拉耶夫斯克港出海，再经鞑靼海峡进入日本海，开展国际江海联运业务。

　　该口岸现有人工直立码头1454延长米，生产场区陆域面积53万平方米，水域面积14万平方米。设有14个千吨级泊位，其中木材泊位3个，库场面积13.6万平方米，昼夜通过能力3500吨；矿建泊位4个，库场面积2.4万平方米，昼夜通过能力6500吨；杂货、粮食泊位各2个，库场面积1.6万平方米，昼夜通过能力1000吨；外贸集装箱泊位各1个，库场面积6万平方米，昼夜通过能力约2000吨，港口昼夜综合通过能力1.6—2.1万吨。现有各类装卸设备90台组，并有铁路专用线6股5870延长米，水陆域作业条件较好，设计年通过能力365万吨，核定年通过能力324万吨。担负客运任务的哈尔滨航运大楼位于货运码头上游6公里，建筑面积4200平方米，有人工防汛梯式码头480延长米，场区陆域面积1.3万平方米，水域面积1.5万平方米。设有轮船泊位3个，年旅客通过能力为10万人次。为适应对外开放需要，还建有查验单位办公楼5000平方米，现场办公用房750平方米。

　　近年来，因松花江枯水停航及边贸政策调整影响，该口岸无客货运量。

As of 2013, the port had a dock shoreline of 1,454 metres (4,770 ft), a natural shoreline of 2,459 meters, 6 dedicated railway lines of 5,870 meters, 13 thousand-ton berths, 140 sets of various loading and unloading machinery, a land area of 53 ha (130 acres), and 7.5 ha (19 acres) of storage warehouses. The design annual throughput capacity was 3.3 million tons. In addition, there is a special coal terminal at the Ashi River port area, two kilometers downstream of the main Sankeshu port area, with a designed annual throughput capacity of 400,000 tons and a land area of ​​17 hectares (42 acres). The main cargo types loaded and unloaded at Harbin Port are coal, timber, grain, general cargo, river sand, and foreign trade cargo. With the gradual improvement of the market economic system, the formation of industry competition and the huge impact brought by the rapid development of highways, port production and loading and unloading have shrunk year by year. In response to the severe situation, in 1998, Harbin Port adjusted its development plan in a timely manner and took a new path of "developing water transportation production and opening up new economic growth points". By attracting investment by attracting phoenixes and building nests, the port has transformed from a primitive loading and unloading type to a market-based operation type. After the efforts of several leadership teams. The port has successively built an empty truck distribution market, which is the largest standardized timber trading market in our province with an area of ​​26,000 square meters and 103 stalls. The Huiyuan Ceramics Wholesale Market has a construction area of ​​48,000 square meters and an area of ​​17,000 square meters. The Longgang steel wholesale market and the second phase of the plumbing equipment area, a fruit and vegetable wholesale market covering an area of ​​60,000 square meters. The second phase of the fruit and vegetable market project and the expansion project of the Longgang Steel Market are under review and are expected to be completed within this year. At this point, our bureau has basically formed a market group that relies on the port infrastructure, gives full play to potential advantages, uses the empty truck distribution market as a link, and aims to build various professional supporting markets. The port has already reached the primary scale of a logistics enterprise, including loading, unloading, warehousing and distribution. Functions are gradually improved. The construction of the logistics center in the northeast of our bureau has been included in Harbin’s “Tenth Five-Year Plan”. 3 future outlook edit With the formulation of the national strategic policy of vigorously developing the old industrial base in Northeast China and the improvement of the external operating environment of the port, Harbin Port will welcome all new and old customers with a new look, superior operating conditions and excellent auxiliary facilities, and seek common development.

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Weather

Harbin belongs to the mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons. Winter is cold and snowy, with Harbin's reputation as an "Ice City" being very well earned. The lowest temperature is often below -30 ℃ in January. The river freezes over, which make the port close from November to April. , Summer is cool and pleasant, with an average maximum temperature of 28.0℃ in July. Winds are predominantly southerly, with autumn being the windiest season. The annual rainfall is 523 mm, and the average annual temperature is 4.2°C, with an average temperature of -18.4°C in January and 23.0°C in July. The lowest temperature recorded was -42.2℃, and the extreme highest temperature was 39.6℃.

集团概况

一、企业基本情况

黑龙江航运集团有限公司（以下简称集团）拥有两家国有股东，其中黑龙江省国资委占股78.59%、国投交通有限公司占股21.41%。集团所属企业12户，其中全资企业10户（7套领导班子），控股企业2户。集团在册职工1475人，在岗职工1250人，退休职工4720人。集团主营业务为“水上运输与港口物流、船舶制造修理与拆解、港口与航道工程建筑、旅游与旅游地产开发”四大板块，还经营外轮代理、浮桥、物业管理、江砂采销及粮食、煤炭、木材贸易等业务。集团所属企业分布于哈尔滨、佳木斯、黑河、同江、抚远和香港等地。“水上运输与港口物流”业务板块，集团主要从事黑龙江、松花江沿线及对俄外贸运输航线客货运输、港口装卸及代理服务等。“船舶制造修理与拆解”业务板块，以集团所属哈尔滨北方船舶工业有限公司为龙头，产值占全省近60%，具备内河建造3000吨级船舶能力。“港口与航道工程建筑”业务板块,集团所属黑龙江省港航工程有限公司是我省唯一具备港口与航道工程施工总承包壹级资质的内河港口与航道工程专业施工企业，占我省水工市场80%以上份额，已经拓展至辽宁和吉林等省外市场。集团依托航运资源禀赋和传统业务支撑，正在积极培育发展旅游与旅游地产开发业务。I. Basic situation of the enterprise

Organization

The Port of Harbin is administered by the Heilongjiang Shipping Group Co., Ltd. (黑龙江航运集团有限公司), an SOE owned by the Heilongjiang State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC), with 78.59% of the shares, and the Transportation Investment Development Co. (JTSDIC), with 21.41% of the shares. The Group was established in April 2001 by converting the Ministry of Transport Heilongjiang Shipping Administration into a joint-stock state-owned enterprise. The Heilongjiang SASAC invested 328 million yuan in 2002, and the SDIC invested 96 million yuan by converting debt into equity, for a registered capital of 425 million yuan.

The Group is composed of 12 enterprises, including 10 wholly-owned enterprises, and 2 holding companies. The Group has 1,475 registered employees. The four main businesses of the group are 1) water transportation and port logistics; 2) shipbuilding, ship repair, and ship breaking; 3) port and waterway engineering and construction; 4) tourism and touristic real estate development. The Group's enterprises are located in Harbin, Jiamusi, Heihe, Tongjiang, Fuyuan and Hong Kong.

In the "Water Transportation and Port Logistics" business segment, the Group is mainly engaged in passenger and cargo transportation, port handling and agency services along the Heilongjiang and Songhua rivers and foreign trade transportation routes to Russia. "Shipbuilding, repair and dismantling" business segment, led by the group's Harbin North Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd. with an output value of nearly 60% of the province, with the ability to build 3,000-ton ships on the river. "Port and waterway engineering construction" business segment, the group belongs to the Heilongjiang Provincial Harbor and Navigation Engineering Co., Ltd. is the only inland river port and waterway engineering construction enterprises with port and waterway engineering construction general contracting qualification, accounting for more than 80% of the market share of the province's waterworks, and has been expanding to the outside of the province market, such as Liaoning and Jilin. Relying on the endowment of shipping resources and traditional business support, the Group is actively cultivating the development of tourism and tourism real estate development business.

二、企业历史沿革

集团是由原交通部黑龙江航运管理局实行政企分开后，于2001年4月组建的大型省属国有企业。黑龙江省国资委以集团2002年度经审计后的财务决算报告反映的国家所有者权益32,838万元作为出资。2003年6月，根据黑国资办运发[2003]23号文件，国投交通公司（现更名为国投交通有限公司）在集团的经营性基金转为股权，债转股增投9,649万元，变更后注册资本为42,486.7万元。黑龙江省国资委占77.29%的股权，国投交通公司占22.71%的股权。集团由国有独资公司变更为两个国有股东的有限责任公司。2013年10月，黑龙江省国资委对集团单方增资2,583万元，增资后注册资本变更为45,069.7万元，黑龙江省国资委占78.59%的股权，国投交通公司占21.41%的股权。Second, the history of the enterprise

三、企业经营情况

2020年，集团实现港口吞吐量209.3万吨，同比增长29.8%；货运量175.6万吨，同比增长6.6%；货运周转量2.3亿吨公里，同比增长41.2%；船舶制造修理与拆解板块完成产值1.1亿元，同比持平；港口与航道工程建筑板块完成产值2.0亿元，同比增长23.9%；实现营业收入5.1亿元，同比增加5,089万元，增幅11.1%；利润总额695万元，同比增幅3.6%。营业收入利润率0.31%，同比增长1.3个百分点；成本费用占收比102.8%，同比下降2.5个百分点；净资产收益率-1.7%，全员劳动生产率11.3万元/人。

2021年1季度，集团完成营业收入1.9亿元，同比增收1.5亿元，增幅4倍；利润总额-172万元，同比减亏2,046万元。营业收入利润率-1.1%，同比增长59个百分点；成本费用占收比101.7%，同比下降60个百分点；净资产收益率-0.5%，全员劳动生产率3万元/人。主要业务板块经营情况：船舶制造修理与拆解板块实现营业收入2,693万元，同比增长1,927万元，增幅2.5倍；实现利润总额120万元，同比减亏增盈398万元。港口与航道工程建筑板块实现营业收入1.09亿元，同比增收8,839万元，增幅4.2倍；实现利润总额251万元，同比增利210万元。水上运输与港口物流板块实现营业收入5,226万元，同比增收4,306万元，增幅4.7倍。主要为玉米、粮食、煤炭贸易业务收入3,209万元，港口包干费、装卸、租赁收入1,034万元，浮桥业务收入387万元，货运代理费240万元，运输收入113万元。利润总额-97万元，同比减亏1,161万元。III. Enterprise OperationIn 2020, the Group achieved port throughput of 2.093 million tons, up 29.8% year-on-year; cargo volume of 1.756 million tons, up 6.6% year-on-year; cargo turnover of 230 million tons kilometers, up 41.2% year-on-year; shipbuilding repair and dismantling segment completed output value of 110 million yuan, flat year-on-year; port and waterway engineering and construction segment completed output value of 200 million yuan, up23.9%; realized operating income of RMB 510 million, an increase of RMB 50.89 million or 11.1% year-on-year; total profit of RMB 6.95 million, an increase of 3.6% year-on-year.Operating income margin of 0.31%, up 1.3 percentage points year-on-year; cost to revenue ratio of 102.8%, down 2.5 percentage points year-on-year; return on net assets of -1.7%, and full labor productivity of 113,000 yuan per person.

In the first quarter of 2021, the Group completed operating income of RMB190 million, an increase of RMB150 million year-on-year, a four-fold increase; total profit of -RMB1.72 million, a year-on-year loss reduction of RMB20.46 million.Operating income margin -1.1%, up 59 percentage points year-on-year; cost to revenue ratio of 101.7%, down 60 percentage points year-on-year; return on net assets -0.5%, full labor productivity of 30,000 yuan per person. Operation situation of main business segments: Shipbuilding, repairing and dismantling segment realized operating income of RMB26.93 million, an increase of RMB19.27 million year-on-year, an increase of 2.5 times; realized total profit of RMB1.20 million, a year-on-year decrease of loss and increase of profit of RMB3.98 million. Port and waterway engineering and construction segment realized operating income of RMB 109 million, an increase of RMB 88.39 million or 4.2 times year-on-year; realized total profit of RMB 2.51 million, an increase of RMB 2.10 million year-on-year. Water transportation and port logistics segment realized operating income of RMB 52.26 million, an increase of RMB 43.06 million or 4.7 times year-on-year. It mainly consisted of 32.09 million yuan of income from corn, grain and coal trading business, 10.34 million yuan of income from port charter fees, loading and unloading and leasing, 3.87 million yuan of income from pontoon business, 2.4 million yuan of freight forwarding fees, and 1.13 million yuan of income from transportation. Profit totaled -0.97 million yuan, a year-on-year loss reduction of 11.61 million yuan.

)

四、企业“十四五”发展目标 ===14th Five-year Plan targets===

“十四五”时期，集团以经济规模持续提升、一流党建融合发展、体制机制深度变革、质量效益显著提高、产业结构优化升级、人才结构科学合理为目标。通过实施“12456”战略，打造黑龙江水域现代航运生态圈，把集团发展成为区域航运的引领者、水运物流的综合服务商、东北最有影响力的内河航运企业，初步发展成为国内领先的具有高质量发展特色的综合性航运产业集团。到“十四五”期末，集团资产规模达到25亿元，2025年营收总额20亿元、利润总额3000万元，规模效益全面提升，职工收入同步大幅增长Enterprise "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Goals

During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, through the implementation of the "12456" strategy, the Group will build a modern shipping ecosystem in Heilongjiang waters, develop the Group into a leader in regional shipping, a comprehensive service provider of water transport and logistics, and the most influential inland shipping enterprise in Northeast China, and initially develop into a domestic leading comprehensive shipping industry group with high-quality development characteristics. By the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Group's asset are projected to reach 2.5 billion yuan, total revenue to be 2 billion yuan in 2025, total profits to be 30 million yuan, the scale and efficiency of the Group will be improved in all aspects, and the income of the employees will increase significantly.

    集团所属黑龙江省港航工程有限公司成立于2002年，是根据公司法改制重组的企业。其前身黑龙江航务工程公司成立于1953年，是当时东三省唯一的一家内河港口与航道工程专业的施工队伍，承担着黑龙江省水系所有的港口、航道工程的建设任务。拥有专业的施工队伍、丰富的施工经验，曾获得过交通部多个奖项，创造了无数的辉煌。2000年开始，由于交通部所属的企业下放地方，黑龙江航务工程公司进行了改制重组，成立了现在的公司，新公司传承了原公司先进的施工技术、丰富的施工经验、雄厚的施工力量、严谨的工作作风，建立了即规范又灵活的管理机制。经过十余年的锤炼，港航公司已经发展成为集港口与航道工程施工总承包壹级、房屋建筑工程施工总承包贰级、水利水电工程施工总承包贰级、市政公用工程施工总承包贰级、公路工程施工总承包叁级、地基与基础工程专业承包贰级、钢结构工程专业承包贰级以及特种作业工程施工等多项资质于一体的现代化建筑施工企业。承建了黑龙江水系黑、松、乌、嫩四江90%以上的港口、码头工程。

按照“走出去”的发展战略，公司积极开拓外阜市场，目前施工足迹已遍布吉林、辽宁、福建、安徽等省份。近年来承建的主要内河港口工程有：中国人民解放军65835部队安子哨码头建设工程、三道沟码头建设工程、盛兴集团新甸港储运码头工程、抚远港莽吉塔港区建设工程、富锦港东平港区建设工程、北极村国家森林公园游客码头工程、抚远江海石油港码头建设工程、同江海关监管艇码头项目、逊克码头水毁修复工程等、黑河市黑龙江国际界江旅游码头建设项目一期工程、漠河港兴安镇港区兴安镇码头建设工程、65831部队SJZB15036-II04圈河码头整修工程；承建的主要沿海港口工程有：大连杏树中心渔港工程、东港市海洋红中心渔港工程、莆田市平海镇上林二级渔港、大连杏树港新建1000GT客滚码头及部分航道浚深工程、福鼎敏灶（冬瓜屿）陆岛交通码头工程、长乐市漳港百户三级渔港工程、福安长鼻头陆岛交通码头工程、大连杏树渔港渔码头扩建工程等。其中，有多项工程获得优良工程及全军优质工程等荣誉称号。在社会各界均获得了广泛的好评，已成为黑龙江水系港口航道建筑的龙头企业。 黑龙江省港航工程有限公司注册资本金6000万元，拥有港口、土建、水利、道路、机械经济等专业技术人员268人，贰级以上建造师35人，其中壹级建造师19人（港口与航道专业15人），大中型专业施工机械设备50余台（套）。公司通过了ISO9001国际质量体系认证、ISO14001环境管理体系认证、OHSAS18001职业健康安全管理体系认证。企业信用等级自2008年以来连续评价为优秀。公司以“提供优质服务、筑造经典产品、打造名牌企业、实现综合效益”为宗旨，以“科学管理、质量第一、诚信为本、开拓进取”为质量方针，将在新的世纪，以新的形象，创造新的辉煌! Heilongjiang Harbor & Navigation Engineering Company Limited, a subsidiary of the Group, was established in 2002 as an enterprise restructured and reorganized according to the Company Law. Its predecessor, Heilongjiang Navigation Engineering Company, was established in 1953, which was the only construction team specialized in inland port and waterway engineering in the three eastern provinces at that time, and undertook the construction of all ports and waterway projects in the water system of Heilongjiang Province.With professional construction team and rich construction experience, it has won many awards from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and created countless brilliant achievements. 2000, due to the decentralization of enterprises under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Heilongjiang Navigation Engineering Company was restructured and reorganized, and established the present company, which inherits the original company's advanced construction technology, rich experience in construction, abundant construction force and rigorous work style.The new company inherits the original company's advanced construction technology, rich construction experience, strong construction force, rigorous work style, and established a standardized and flexible management mechanism. After more than ten years of refinement, the company has developed into a modernized construction enterprise with the qualifications of Grade 1 General Contractor for Port and Waterway Construction, Grade 2 General Contractor for Building Construction, Grade 2 General Contractor for Water Conservancy and Hydroelectricity Construction, Grade 2 General Contractor for Municipal Utilities Construction, Grade 3 General Contractor for Highway Construction, Grade 2 Specialist Contractor for Foundation and Foundation Construction, Grade 2 Specialist Contractor for Steel Structure Construction, and Grade 2 Specialist Contractor for Special Operation Construction.The company is a modernized building construction enterprise.It has undertaken more than 90% of the harbor and wharf projects of the four rivers of Heilongjiang, namely, Hei, Song, Wu and Neng. According to the development strategy of "going out", the company actively explores the foreign market, and the construction footprints have spread over Jilin, Liaoning, Fujian, Anhui and other provinces. In recent years, the main river port projects undertaken by the company include: the construction project of Anzip哨码头 of 65835 troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the construction project of Sandougou dock, the storage and transportation dock project of Xindian port of Shengxing Group, the construction project of Mangjita port of Fuyuan Port, the construction project of Dongping port of Fujin Port, the tourists' wharf project of the Arctic Village National Forest Park, the construction project of Fubuyuan Jianghai Petroleum Harbor, the wharf project of Tongjiang Customs Supervisory Vessel Sunker dock water damage repair works, such as the Heihe City, Heilongjiang International Boundary River Tourism Terminal Construction Project a project, Mohe Port Xing'an town port Xing'an town dock construction project, 65831 troops SJZB15036-II04 circle river dock refurbishment project; the main coastal port project are: Dalian Xingshu Center Fishing Harbor Project, the Donggang City, Ocean Red Center Fishing Harbor Project, Putian City, Pinghai Town Lin The main coastal port projects are: Dalian Xingshu Center Fishing Port Project, Donggang Ocean Red Center Fishing Port Project, Putian Pinghai Town Linlin Fishing Port Project, Dalian Xingshu Port New 1000GT Roll-on/Roll-off Wharf and Part of the Channel Dredging Project, Fuding Minzao (Dongguayu) Land Island Traffic Wharf Project, Changle Zhanggang Baidu Three-level Fishing Port Project, Fu'an Changbutou Land Island Traffic Wharf Project, Dalian Xingshu Fishing Port Fishing Wharf Expansion Project, and so on.Among them, a number of projects have won the honorary titles of excellent project and all-army high-quality project. It has been widely praised in all walks of life and has become a leading enterprise in harbor and waterway construction in Heilongjiang water system. Ltd. registered capital of 60 million yuan, with a port, civil engineering, water conservancy, roads, machinery and economy and other professional and technical personnel 268 people, more than 35 people above the second level of the construction division, including 19 people of the first level of the construction division (15 people specializing in ports and waterways), large and medium-sized professional construction machinery and equipment more than 50 units (sets). The company has passed ISO9001 international quality system certification, ISO14001 environmental management system certification, OHSAS18001 occupational health and safety management system certification. The enterprise credit rating has been evaluated as excellent continuously since 2008. With the tenet of "providing quality service, building classic products, creating famous brand enterprises and realizing comprehensive benefits" and the quality policy of "scientific management, quality first, integrity-based, pioneering", the company will create new images and new glory in the new century! Splendor! Heilongjiang Harbor & Navigation Engineering Co., Ltd. business contact phone: 0451-88912281 http://www.hlj-shipping.com/sggc.html 黑龙江省港航工程有限公司业务联系电话：

一、港区及哈尔滨港

　　哈尔滨港是专指哈尔滨港务局所在地三棵树中转港。哈尔滨港区，泛指哈尔滨道外七道街至阿什河口沿江各码头区域。七道街至九道街为航运管理局直属松花江航运局客运码头；九道街至十八道街为省、地航运船舶待航码头；十八道街至二十道街为地航货运码头；三棵树码头为哈尔滨港务局进出口木材、煤炭和粮谷中转码头；阿什河码头为哈尔滨港务局矿建、杂货码头。哈尔滨港是东北内河最大的水陆换装枢纽港和国际开放港口。它与苏联远东6个开放港口通过水运都有贸易货物直接进出口。

　　哈尔滨市港区的形成始于光绪二十二年（1896年）。当时，哈尔滨港区划分为：埠头区（道里区）、傅家店区（道外区）。沙俄获取建设中东铁路特权后，其筑路器材由伯力装船经黑龙江、溯松花江到达哈尔滨。同时，又在哈尔滨码头装船运回大豆、小麦等物资。Harbin Port refers specifically to the Sankeshu Transshipment Port, where the Harbin Port Authority is located. Harbin harbor area, refers to the Harbin Daowai seven streets to the mouth of the Ashe river along the river dock area. Seven street to nine street for the shipping authority directly under the Songhua river shipping bureau passenger terminal; Nine street to eighteen street for the province, the local shipping ship to sail dock; Eighteen street to twenty street for the local navigation freight terminal; Three trees for the Harbin port authority import and export of timber, coal and grain transit terminal; Ash river terminal for the Harbin port authority mining, general cargo terminal. Harbin Port is the largest land and water transport hub port and international open port in Northeast China. It has direct import and export of trade goods with 6 open ports in the Far East of the Soviet Union through water transportation.

　　Harbin Harbor District was formed in 1896, the twenty-second year of Guangxu. At that time, Harbin harbor area is divided into: port area (Daoli district), Fu Jiadian district (Daowai district). Tsarist Russia to obtain the privilege of building the Middle East Railway, its road-building equipment from the Buri ship through the Heilongjiang River, back to the Songhua River to Harbin. At the same time, but also in the Harbin dock shipments of soybeans, wheat and other materials.

　　光绪二十九年（1903年），中东铁路船舶部在市区开辟的主要码头有道外八区码头（原为坞池，80年代初填平建成儿少活动中心）、道外头道街码头、七道街码头、十二道街码头、三棵树码头和道里中央大街头道街码头。港区内的建筑物和船舶几乎都为中东铁路所有，水上航政、运输业务也归中东铁路船舶部管理。

1918年组建戊通航业公司，并盛极一时。先以道里区江沿为码头，后因泥沙堆积，码头迁至道外十二道街。松黑两江邮船局也在道外三道街修筑码头，于是，道外码头区日益兴盛。

　　哈尔滨沦陷后，日伪政权统治了黑龙江航运业，垄断了哈尔滨港口码头。1933年3月，在铁路总局内部设立了水运局，管理松花江水路、船舶运输、码头营业及附属业务和各项设施。港区范围，从道外头道街至三棵树码头。

　　新中国成立后，航运部门加强了港区建设，并修复被毁的三棵树码头，从此，哈尔滨港逐步发展成为货物中转和装卸作业港口。

　　1955年3月29日，航运管理局决定在原三棵树码头的基础上正式成立哈尔滨港务局，作为港口货物中转、装卸的直属国营企业。

　　哈尔滨港务局成立以后，机构体制曾多次变动。1957年2月28日，经国家交通部批准，哈尔滨港务局升为县团级单位，并设置8科1室管理全港的生产经营、经济建设和职工生活等。

　　“文化大革命”期间，哈尔滨港的机构名称几经变动，至1975年又恢复了哈尔滨港务局的建制。中共十一届三中全会以后，随着生产的发展和体制的改革，哈尔滨港务局的机构又作了新的调整。

　　1989年，全港有国营职工2253人，是黑龙江航运系统职工总数最多的企业。

　　1990年，哈尔滨港务局有职工2408人，机构又进行了新的调整。　Guangxu 29 years (1903), the Middle East Railway Shipbuilding Department in the city opened the main wharves are Daowai eight-area wharves (originally docking pond, filled in the early 80s to build children's and young people's activities center), Daowai TouDaoJie wharf, seven street wharf, twelfth street wharf, three tree wharf, and Daoli Central Avenue TouDaoJie wharf. Almost all the buildings and ships in the harbor area were owned by the Middle East Railway, and the water navigation and transportation business was also under the management of the Shipping Department of the Middle East Railway.

In 1918, the formation of the Wutong Navigation Company, and flourished for a while. First to Daoli District along the river as a dock, and then due to the accumulation of mud and sand, the dock moved to twelve Avenue Street, Daowai. Songheijiang two rivers Postal Bureau also in Daowai three streets to build wharves, so, Daowai wharf area is increasingly prosperous.

　　After the fall of Harbin, the Japanese regime ruled the Heilongjiang shipping industry, the monopoly of Harbin port terminal. 1933 March, in the General Administration of Railways within the establishment of the Water Transport Bureau, management of the Songhua River waterways, ship transport, terminal business and ancillary operations and facilities. The scope of the harbor area, from dawai toudao street to sankeshu wharf.

　　After the establishment of new China, the shipping sector to strengthen the construction of the port area, and repair the destruction of the three trees dock, from then on, Harbin port gradually developed into a cargo transit and loading and unloading operations port.

　　March 29, 1955, the Shipping Administration decided in the original three trees on the basis of the dock was formally established Harbin Port Authority, as the port cargo transfer, loading and unloading directly under the state-owned enterprises.

　　After the establishment of Harbin Port Authority, the institution has changed many times. February 28, 1957, approved by the Ministry of Transportation, Harbin Harbin Port Authority was promoted to the county level units, and set up 8 sections and 1 room to manage the port's production and operation, economic construction and staff life.

　　During the "Cultural Revolution", the Harbin Port of the organization's name changed several times, to 1975 and restored the Harbin Port Authority's establishment. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the development of production and institutional reforms, Harbin Port Authority's institutions and made new adjustments.

　　In 1989, there were 2,253 state employees in the harbor, which was the enterprise with the largest total number of employees in Heilongjiang shipping system.

　　In 1990, Harbin Port Authority had 2,408 employees, and the organization made new adjustments.

　　二、设　施

　　光绪二十九年（1903年）以后，随着水路客货运输的增多，中东铁路局开始在哈尔滨码头沿岸建筑简易的码头和仓库。由于码头区沿岸地势低洼，每到洪水季节就有被淹没的危险。因此，中东铁路局从光绪三十四年（1908年）起，用两年时间在道外和道里码头区修筑了坡式的砌石岸壁，全长2000多延长米。

　　当时，哈尔滨的进口粮谷及仓库大部分都设在八区船坞码头。八区仓库及货场分别为中东铁路和个人、商会及中国官方所有，仓库总面积3万多平方米。

　　在八区码头还设有铁路专用线9000米，另有环形铁路直通中东铁路材料仓库，装卸货物十分方便。傅家甸（道外）码头，由头道街至十八道街设有砌石护岸，其长度为1600延长米。

　　1926年8月31日，中国政府接收中东铁路的所有船舶及其码头和设施，由中国航运部门管理和营运。After the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), with the increase of passenger and cargo transportation by water, the Middle East Railway Bureau began to build simple wharves and warehouses along the Harbin wharf. 　Due to the low-lying terrain along the wharf area, there was a danger of being submerged every flood season. Therefore, the Middle East Railway Bureau from the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), spent two years in Daowai and Dori dock area to build a sloping masonry quay wall, more than 2,000 meters long.

　　哈尔滨沦陷时期，日本帝国主义出于掠夺的需要，在哈尔滨港区投资235万元修建了码头护岸。1933年，“满铁”接管了哈尔滨八区、道里和傅家甸3个码头。为了与铁路干线连接中转货物，1935年扩建了三棵树码头，修筑直立式钢板桩400余米，并铺筑了铁路专用线2条。从此，哈尔滨港成为水陆联运的枢纽港口。在道外七道街沿江同时修筑直立式钢板桩码头1000延长米，当时车船装卸作业都是人力肩挑、肩扛。

　　新中国成立后，哈尔滨港以三棵树码头为基地，设施逐年增加，机械化装卸作业比重不断提高，逐步消除挑、抬、扛繁重的体力劳动。1955年，已有起重机14台，起重能力最大吊车为6吨，最小为3吨。机械操作比重为40％。1960年，为适应木材进口和中转装卸，在木材堆存场内新建铺石路面2432延长米，以供起重机在堆存场地移动。新建铁路专用线1700米，扩大照明面积1500平方米，新建1000千瓦变电所1座。

　　经过10年的扩建，至1966年，哈尔滨港装卸码头已增至1976延长米，堆场面积112800平方米，可堆存货物80652吨，有起重机41台，总起重量165吨，机械操作比重上升至70％。Harbin fall period, the Japanese imperialists out of the need to plunder, in Harbin harbor investment of 2.35 million yuan to build the dock siding. 1933, "Manchurian Railway" took over the Harbin eight districts, Dali and Fu Jiadian 3 docks.

In order to connect with the railroad line transit goods, in 1935 the expansion of the three trees dock, construction of vertical sheet pile more than 400 meters, and paved the railroad line 2.Since then, Harbin Harbor has become a hub port of land and water transportation. At the same time in Daowai seven streets along the river to build vertical steel sheet pile wharf 1000 meters, when the ship loading and unloading operations are manpower shoulder, shoulder.

　　After the founding of new China, Harbin port to three trees dock as a base, facilities increased year by year, the proportion of mechanized loading and unloading operations continue to improve, and gradually eliminate the picking, lifting, carrying heavy manual labor. 1955, there are 14 cranes, lifting capacity of the largest crane for 6 tons, the smallest for 3 tons. In 1960, in order to adapt to the timber imports and transit loading and

unloading, in the timber stockpile yard in the new paved stone road 2432 meters, for cranes in the stockpile site movement. The new railroad line 1700 meters, expanding the lighting area of 1500 square meters, the new 1000 kilowatt substation 1.

　　After 10 years of expansion, to 1966, Harbin Port loading and unloading terminals have increased to 1976 meters, yard area of 112,800 square meters, 80,652 tons of cargo can be stockpiled, there are 41 cranes, a total lifting capacity of 165 tons, the proportion of mechanical operation rose to 70%.

v

　　1984年后，由省政府拨款70万元，中央交通部拨款531万元，对木材作业区设施进行技术改造。经过5年的连续改造，木材区前沿新建直立水泥码头200延长米，使前沿原3个各自独立的泊位连成一体，并新设置10—25吨门座式起重机3台。新购置QX8起重机9台，使船—场和场—场木材运输全部实现了机械化。年木材通过能力由改造前的44万吨增加到52万吨。场存木材能力由3．8万吨提高到5．1万吨。

　　1985年，投资1263万元在哈尔滨港下游的阿什河口建筑了煤炭、砂石专用码头。1987年8月，第一期工程全部竣工交付使用。已完成主要项目有：建设疏港公路800延长米，建筑钢筋混凝土直立式码头35延长米，修筑护岸400延长米，可停靠千吨级驳船4艘。配置门座式起重机1台，600延长米皮带运输机1组，堆料机2台，装载机2台，清底机1台。堆场面积4万平方米，年通过能力70万吨。

　　1990年，三棵树码头岸线总长4077延长米。其中，人工筑岸2777延长米（包括钢板桩直立式码头425延长米，混凝土直立式码头518延长米，干砌石护岸1834延长米），自然岸线1300延长米。全港有铁路专用线6条，全长5664延长米。其中：属于港口所有的4条，全长2409米，租用铁路局的2条，全长3255米，6条专用线都与铁路干线直通，可将大量木材、粮谷直接运往全国各地。港区有陆域面积41万平方米，1000吨级驳船泊位11个。装卸机械共有86台，其中，起重机41台（汽车吊车19台，履带吊7台，固定式吊5台，门座吊10台）；搬运机械33台（叉车5台，斗车14台，牵引车14台）；专用机械12台（装船机1台，卸船机3台，卸车机3台，堆料机2台，推土机3台）。另设有煤炭皮带输送机1组，长325米。港口年通过能力达300万吨。

During the "Cultural Revolution", Harbin Port production was suspended from time to time, and some machinery and facilities were out of maintenance and repair. Especially the 10 crane trucks used for loading the trains, bought in the 1950's, had gotten too old and accidents and failures became more common.

　　After 1984, the provincial government allocated 700,000 yuan, the Central Ministry of Transportation allocated 5.31 million yuan, the timber operating area facilities for technological transformation.After 5 years of continuous renovation, timber area along the new upright cement dock 200 extension meters, so that the front of the original three independent berths into one, and the new set of 10-25 tons of gantry cranes 3 sets. Newly purchased QX8 crane 9 sets, so that the ship - field and field - field timber transport all mechanized.Annual timber throughput capacity increased from 440,000 tons to 520,000 tons before the transformation.Field storage capacity of timber from 3.8 million tons to 5.1 million tons.　　In 1985, the investment of 12.63 million yuan in Harbin Harbor downstream of the mouth of the Ash River construction of coal, sand and gravel special wharf. 1987 August, the first phase of the project was completed and delivered to use. Has completed the main projects are: construction of dredging highway 800 meters, building reinforced concrete vertical dock 35 meters, building 400 meters of shore protection, can dock 4 thousand tons of barges. Configuration of 1 gantry crane, 600 m belt conveyor 1 group, 2 stackers, 2 loaders, 1 clearing machine. Yard area of 40,000 square meters, the annual capacity of 700,000 tons.

　　In 1990, the total length of the shoreline of Sankeshu Wharf was 4077 meters. Among them, 2,777 meters of artificial shoreline (including 425 meters of steel sheet pile upright dock, 518 meters of concrete upright dock, 1,834 meters of dry masonry shoreline), and 1,300 meters of natural shoreline. There are 6 special railroad lines in the port, with a total length of 5664 meters. Among them: 4 belonging to the port, with a total length of 2,409 meters, and 2 rented to the Railway Bureau, with a total length of 3,255 meters, 6 special lines are directly connected with the main railroad line, which can transport a large number of timber, grain and cereal directly to all parts of the country. The port area has a land area of 410,000 square meters and 11 berths for 1,000-ton barges. There are 86 sets of loading and unloading machines, among which, 41 sets of cranes (19 sets of car cranes, 7 sets of crawler cranes, 5 sets of fixed cranes, 10 sets of gantry cranes); 33 sets of handling machines (5 sets of forklift trucks, 14 sets of bucket trucks, 14 sets of tractor-trailers); and 12 sets of special-purpose machines (1 set of ship-loader, 3 sets of ship-unloader, 3 sets of unloading machines, 2 sets of stacker machines, and 3 sets of bulldozers). There is also 1 group of coal belt conveyor with a length of 325 meters. The annual passing capacity of the port reached 3 million tons.

　　哈尔滨港区，除港务局所在地三棵树码头外，在道里区小九站设有地方航运客运码头，岸线长1000延长米。中央大街北端设有轮渡码头。道外七道街至九道街为松花江航运局哈尔滨航运站的客货码头。

　　道外巨兴街至十八道街岸线1000延长米，为待航的客货轮、拖轮、驳船、航道工程船舶及社会船舶停靠码头；十九道街至造纸厂岸线长400延长米，为市轮船公司货运码头；皮革厂以下岸线约1500延长米为哈尔滨港货运区即三棵树码头。哈尔滨港为方便船队出入港编结船队作业，在距作业区下方约1．4公里处的东江桥下设有船队锚泊地；在道外十四道街至十八道街间设有上游船队锚泊地，由专用港作船将驳船拖往锚地编结船队。　　Harbin port area, in addition to the port authority seat of the three tree wharf, in Dali District, small nine stations with local shipping passenger terminal, shoreline length of 1,000 meters.

Central Avenue, the northern end of the ferry terminal. Daowai seven streets to nine streets for the Songhua River Shipping Bureau Harbin Shipping Station passenger and cargo terminals.

　　Daowai Juxing Street to eighteen street shoreline 1000 meters long, for waiting for the passenger and cargo ships, tugboats, barges, waterway engineering vessels and social ships docking dock; nineteen street to the paper mill shoreline length of 400 meters long, for the city shipping company cargo terminal; leather factory below the shoreline of about 1,500 meters for the Harbin port cargo area that is the three trees dock.Harbin port for the convenience of the fleet in and out of port knotting fleet operation, in from the operation area below about 1.4 kilometers below the dongjiang river bridge has a fleet of anchorage; In dawei fourteen street to eighteen street between the upstream fleet of anchorage, by the special harbor for the ship will be towed barge to the anchorage knotting fleet.

　　三、生　产

　　沙俄利用《中俄密约》取得修建中东铁路权以后，组织庞大船队从哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）装运筑路器材直达哈尔滨。光绪二十四年（1898年）—光绪二十八年（1902年）中，运至哈尔滨的筑路器材达65万吨。中东铁路建成后，中东铁路工程局将全部筑路运输船舶移交给中东铁路船舶部，这个部的船舶在1908—1923年约16年中从哈尔滨地区运往苏俄的木材、煤炭、粮食等物资，计168．9万吨，平均年运量在10万吨以上。

光绪三十二年（1906年）黑龙江民族航运业兴起以后，哈尔滨市区各码头成为松花江沿岸的第一大港区，吞吐量逐年增多，1928年由松花江各地运至哈尔滨的大宗货物达68．3万吨，其中：粮谷占69．3％。

　　哈尔滨沦陷时期，黑龙江航运以哈尔滨为中心，每年进出港货物都在60万吨左右。其中，进港货物占90％以上。1938年，进港货物中，煤炭25．3万吨，粮谷16万吨，杂货13．3万吨，年进港货物合计54．6万吨。此后，历年进港货物中，煤炭和粮谷都占第一位和第二位。

　　新中国成立后，哈尔滨进出港货物多集中在三棵树码头，进港粮食多集中在八区船坞和哈尔滨航运站码头，“一五”和“二五”计划期间，年均进出港量都在60万吨以上。1966年，哈尔滨进出港货物达到103．4万吨，其中，进港木材63．3万吨，粮谷12．8万吨，其它杂货8．1万吨；出港煤炭13．6万吨，其它杂货5．6万吨。　　After Tsarist Russia used the "Sino-Russian Secret Treaty" to obtain the right to build the Middle East Railway, it organized a huge fleet of ships from Khabarovsk (Buri) to ship road-building equipment directly to Harbin.

Between 1898 and 1902 the railway construction equipment and material shipped to Harbin reached 650,000 tons. After the completion of the East China Railway in 1903, the ECR company transferred all the materiel transport vessels to ECR Ship Department, which (without Chinese government permission) started commercial trade in the Songhua, In its year of operation, 1908-1923, the ECR ship department the Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau will be all the road construction and transportation of ships transferred to the Middle East Railway Ship Department, the Department's ships in 1908-1923 about 16 years from the Harbin area of timber, coal, grain and other materials, amounting to 1,689,000 tons, with an average annual shipment of more than 100,000 tons.

Thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906) after the rise of the Heilongjiang national shipping industry, Harbin city docks become the first major port along the Songhua River, throughput increased year by year, in 1928 by the Songhua River from all parts of the bulk cargo transported to Harbin amounted to 683,000 tons, of which: grain accounted for 69.3%.

　　Harbin fell during the period, the Heilongjiang shipping to Harbin as the center, the annual entry and exit of goods are about 600,000 tons.In 1938, the port of goods, coal 253,000 tons, 160,000 tons of grain, 133,000 tons of groceries, totaling 546,000 tons of goods into Hong Kong. Since then, in all the years of imported goods, coal and grain accounted for the first and second place.

　　After the founding of new China, Harbin in and out of the port of goods are concentrated in the three trees dock, into the port of grain is concentrated in the eight district dock and Harbin shipping station dock. "first five" and "second five" plan period, the average annual amount of in and out of the port are more than 600,000 tons. 1966, Harbin in and out of goods reached 1,030,000 tons of general cargo. Harbin inbound and outbound cargo reached 1.034 million tons, of which, 63.3 million tons of timber, grains and cereals 128,000 tons, other miscellaneous goods 81,000 tons; 136,000 tons of coal out of Hong Kong, other miscellaneous goods 56,000 tons.

　　“文化大革命”期间，哈尔滨港口生产受到严重损失。

　　中共十一届三中全会以后，哈尔滨港口生产结束了10年徘徊、连年亏损的局面。1978年港口吞吐量达113．4万吨，超过历史最好水平，并扭转了亏损局面。1979年，哈尔滨港恢复了木材、粮谷的水陆联运，便利了物资部门，加快了货物周转，为保证计划运输，促进车船衔接起到了积极作用。

　　1979年冬，为了搞活经济，提高港口生产效益，哈尔滨港务局开始实行库场对外开放，各单位可利用哈尔滨港的库场、专用线的优越条件进行货物储存和装卸起运，当年就多收入8万余元。

　　在改革开放政策指引下，哈尔滨港自1980年起，实行同苏联等6个开放港口直接联运，当年同苏联各港过货量达3．2万吨。

　　1983年，开始进行西坞（原海军船坞）冲填，扩展散货码头；对木材区进行了全面改造，促进了生产的发展，并收到了显著的经济效益。与此同时，又修建了阿什河码头。

自1983年起，哈尔滨港的生产连年创高产纪录，进出港量达150多万吨，利润首次突破100万元。1984年，创利润255万余元，比1983年翻了一番。1990年，进出港量近254万吨，利润额为258万元。During the "Cultural Revolution", Harbin port production suffered serious losses.

　　After the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ended the disruptions of the cultural revolution, Harbin port production ended 10 years of disorder and losses. In 1978, the port's throughput reached 1.1 million tons, its best level to date. In 1979, Harbin port resumed intermodal transportation of timber, grains, and cereals. In the winter of 1979, in order to revitalize the economy, improve port production efficiency, Harbin Port Authority began to implement the opening of the depot to the outside world, the units can use the Harbin Port of the depot, the superior conditions of the special line for cargo storage and loading and unloading of the shipment, that year more than 80,000 yuan in revenue.Under the guidance of the policy of reform and opening up, Harbin Port since 1980, the implementation of the Soviet Union and other six open ports direct intermodal transport, with the Soviet Union that year, the amount of goods over the port amounted to 3.2 million tons.

　　In 1983, began to carry out the West Dock (the former Navy Yard) filling, expanding the bulk cargo terminal; the timber area was completely remodeled to promote the development of production, and received significant economic benefits.At the same time, the Ash River Terminal was built.Since 1983, the Harbin port of production in successive years of high production records, in and out of the port amounted to more than 1.5 million tons, the profit for the first time exceeded 1 million yuan. 1984, a profit of more than 2.55 million yuan, more than double the 1983. 1990, in and out of the port amounted to nearly 2.54 million tons, the amount of profit was 2.58 million yuan.

第二节　客运码头

　　光绪三十二年（1906年），从松花江上有中国客轮营运时起，哈尔滨道外七道街一带就成为客运运输码头，但从来没有建设过候船室。

　　1946年5月，市人民政府批准道外七道街至九道街沿江为哈尔滨客运码头。松花江航务局同时成立了哈尔滨航运站，负责经营管理客运码头及客运业务，承担哈尔滨下游至佳木斯，上游至北涝洲及肇源航线的旅客运输任务，是黑龙江水系规模最大的客运码头。

　　新中国成立后，于1950年国家投资在道外长兴街修建了砖瓦结构的候船室1座，面积873平方米，从而改善了旅客候船和客运人员的工作条件。

　　随着航运体制的变动，哈尔滨航运站的隶属关系也多次更迭。1955年以前，属航运局直接领导。1955年3月，划归哈尔滨港务局领导，当年，以哈尔滨为起迄航线的客运量为28万人次。1977年，划归松花江航运局领导，当年，客运量为31万人次。

　　为适应航运发展的需要，1985年10月经交通部批准投资1190万元，在道外七道街江堤外新建哈尔滨航运站。1986年，首先进行了码头前沿及货场的建设施工。1987年9月，开始建筑航运站大楼和站前道路。全部工程于1990年10月14日竣工投入使用。哈尔滨航运站大楼的投产，适应了航运生产的需要。航运站大楼建筑总面积6318平方米。其中售票厅186．24平方米，二楼候船大厅580．80平方米，三楼候船大厅470．40平方米，旅客餐厅366．30平方米，母子候船室67．20平方米，贵宾候船室88．56平方米，军人候船室88．56平方米，办公室面积为1481．46平方米。站内场地面积13000平方米，可容随客货船发运的零担货物3200吨，仓库面积537．60平方米，可堆存货物500吨。　Guangxu thirty-two years (1906), from the Songhua River when the Chinese passenger ships operating, Harbin Daowai seven Avenue Street area has become a passenger transportation terminal, but never built a waiting room.

　　In May 1946, the Municipal People's Government approved the Harbin Passenger Transportation Terminal along the river from Daowai Qidaojie to Jiu Daojie. Songhua river shipping bureau at the same time set up the Harbin shipping station, responsible for the operation and management of passenger terminals and passenger business, bear Harbin downstream to Jiamusi, upstream to the north flooded continent and zhao yuen routes of passenger transportation tasks, is the largest scale of the Heilongjiang river system of passenger terminals.

　　新航运站落成后，为了提高服务质量，完善服务人员岗位规范和各项工作制度，对客运服务人员进行了业务培训，开展了一看（电视）、二借（跳棋、扑克）、三送（开水、预售票、老弱病残旅客上船）、四帮（帮助介绍住宿处、找出租车、送医院、打电话）为内容的优质服务活动。为了听取批评意见，改进服务工作，定期向旅客和各客轮印发《征询意见表》。通过这些措施，哈尔滨航运站的服务工作有了新的提高，在省“四职三优”竞赛活动中获得“先进集体”的光荣称号，在哈尔滨市“三文明”新闻杯竞赛中获得银牌先进集体称号。

哈尔滨航运站大楼建成后，给旅客提供了舒适方便的条件。但随着公路运输的发展，大量近途旅客便弃水走陆，从1988年起，水路旅客数量便呈下降趋势。松花江航运局为发展水上客运，从80年代初引进了高速水翼艇，开辟了哈尔滨—通河，哈尔滨—佳木斯，哈尔滨—哈巴罗夫斯克高速航线，虽争取了一定数量的旅客，但因投入高速船只少，旅客数量仍未达到“六五”计划期间的客运量。After the completion of the new shipping station, in order to improve the quality of service, improve the job specifications of the service personnel and various work systems, conduct business training for passenger service personnel, and carry out quality service activities with the contents of "One Watch (TV), Two Borrows (checkers, poker), Three Deliveries (boiled water, pre-sale of tickets, and embarkation of old, sick and handicapped passengers), and Four Helps (helping to introduce lodging places, finding cabs, sending to hospitals, and making phone calls). In order to listen to criticism and improve the service work, it regularly issues the "Consultation Form" to passengers and passenger ships.Through these measures, the service work of Harbin Shipping Station has been improved, and the station was awarded the honorable title of "Advanced Collective" in the provincial "Four Jobs and Three Excellencies" competition, and "Three Civilizations" in Harbin City. News Cup competition in Harbin City "three civilizations" won the silver medal advanced collective title.

After the completion of Harbin shipping station building, to provide travelers with comfortable and convenient conditions. However, with the development of road transport, a large number of near-distance travelers will abandon the water to go on land, from 1988 onwards, the number of passengers on the waterways will be a declining trend. Songhua River Shipping Bureau for the development of waterborne passenger transport, from the early 80's the introduction of high-speed hydrofoils, opened up Harbin - Tonghe, Harbin - Jiamusi, Harbin - Khabarovsk high-speed routes, although a certain number of passengers for the number of passengers, but due to the input of high-speed vessels less, the number of passengers still not reached "Sixth Five-Year Plan period of passenger traffic.

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第三节 轮渡码头

　　一、建　置

　　哈尔滨解放以前，市区水上客运渡江业务都是个体经营，渡船都是木质舢舨船，根据水位情况确定临时码头。

　　1946年，哈尔滨解放后，便把从事渡江及帆船运输的个体业主组织起来成立了水上交通管理所，使个体运输业者有了统一的组织领导机构。此后，领导渡江运输机构名称和隶属关系几经变动，1958年将水上交通管理所改称哈尔滨市水上交通公司（简称市水上交通公司），下属单位有舢板合作社和帆船合作社，并转制为国营。1960年，市水上交通公司改称为哈尔滨市航运公司，下设客运站和货运站，承担市区水上客货运输及渡江运输。

　　1979年4月，将哈尔滨市航运公司客运站从公司分离组建哈尔滨市轮渡公司。1988年，哈尔滨市政府将轮渡公司升格为县团级。

　　1990年，公司有全民所有制职工305人，集体所有制职工284人。　I. Construction

　　Before the liberation of Harbin, the urban water passenger transportation across the river business are individually operated, the ferry is a wooden sampan boat, according to the water level to determine the temporary dock.

　　In 1946, after the liberation of Harbin, the individual owners engaged in river and sailboat transportation was organized to set up a water traffic management, so that individual transport operators have a unified organization and leadership.Since then, the leadership of the river transportation organization name and affiliation has changed several times, in 1958 the water traffic management office was renamed Harbin City Water Transportation Company (referred to as the City Water Transportation Company), the subordinate units are sampan cooperatives and sailing cooperatives, and converted to state-run. 1960, the City Water Transportation Company was renamed Harbin Shipping Company, with a passenger station and a freight station, to undertake the urban water transport of passengers and freight transport and river transportation. River transportation.

　　In April 1979, the Harbin city shipping company passenger station from the company separated to form the Harbin city ferry company. 1988, Harbin city government will ferry company upgraded to the county level.

　　In 1990, the company has the national ownership of 305 employees, collective ownership of 284 employees.

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　　二、码头设施及生产

　　1949年，为发展市区渡江和保证乘客安全，哈尔滨市政府投资50亿元（东北流通券）购置了2艘各100客位的木质汽船，开创了市区以汽船轮渡的先河。1952年，又新建了2艘100客位的轮渡汽船，并设固定轮渡码头及航线，即：道里九站——太阳岛，道外五道街——太阳

岛。年轮渡客运量57万人次。

　　1954年，开辟了道里中央大街北端——太阳岛极乐村航线。轮渡汽船已发展到14艘，最小的汽船有44客位，最大的汽船有160客位。

　　1956年，为方便轮渡乘客，又开辟了道外五道街——船厂、马家船口航线，并在太阳岛、造船厂、马家船口增设了轮渡站。当时的轮渡站都是利用废旧木驳船做停靠码头，并在各站设立拆装式的售票亭，以便于根据水位的涨落随轮渡站移动。

　　1963年，当时称市航运公司时有轮渡船19艘，客运量达220万人次。1965年，由于原有汽轮都是木质，年久报废，渡轮只有12艘，客运量下降至150万人次。

　　1966年，又新增加3艘200客位的铁质汽轮，轮渡客运量又达200多万人次。

　　1972年，市航运公司为适应客流量的增加，还开辟了短途哈尔滨—鸟河、哈尔滨—大牛角、哈尔滨—大亮子近郊航线。

　　1973年，为保证乘客上下船安全，市轮渡公司自行设计建造钢质双体轮渡码头船，至1978年，这种码头船已有4艘。

　　中共十一届三中全会以后，开始建造钢质渡轮。1979年，客运量400万人次，实现利润1．4万元。1980年，客运量增至468万人次，实现利润12．5万元。

　　1984年，由于船用燃料油由平价改为议价，其它船用材料也都涨价，市轮渡公司出现了亏损。

　　1985年，新建的钢质汽轮陆续投入生产，计有300客位渡轮3艘，80客位客艇3艘，70客位客艇13艘。同时还建造了长41米，宽10米；长30米，宽7米；长24米，宽6米；长18米，宽6米等不同规格的钢质轮渡码头船13艘，全部淘汰了木质码头船。新建的码头船都设有船员休息室、调度室和船队办公室，改善了船员和港站人员的工作条件。当年，客运量达到557万人次。日最高客运量达到15万人次。

　　1986年，为保证旅游高峰期轮渡安全，市政府投资320万元，新建800客位大型渡轮2艘，300客位3艘，200客位2艘。同年，松花江哈尔滨公路大桥建成通车，轮渡客运量逐年下降。1987年，市政府投资5万元，在太阳岛水榭、锦江街口、九站、通江街口等地新建了6个固定式售票亭，其造型别致、美观，为松花江畔增添了景观。

1990年，哈尔滨市轮渡公司拥有渡轮39艘，计4695客位，2670马力。轮渡码头20个。营运航线有：九站—太阳岛水榭，九站—江心岛，通江街口—锦江街，道外七道街—太阳岛，道外七道街—船厂、松浦，道外十四道街—锦江街，道外十四道街—糖厂，哈尔滨—老山头（82公里）旅游专线等10条。年完成轮渡及旅游乘客340余万人次 　Second, dock facilities and production　In 1949, for the development of urban river crossing and to ensure passenger safety, Harbin city government invested 5 billion yuan (Northeast circulation coupons) purchased two 100-passenger each of the wooden steamships, creating the first urban ferry by steamship. 1952, and two new 100-passenger ferry steamships, and set up a fixed ferry terminals and routes, that is, Dawei Nine Station - - Sun Island, Daowai Wudaojie - Sun Island, Daowai Wudaojie - - Sun Island. -Sun Island, Daowai Wudaojie - Sun

Island.Annual ferry passenger volume of 570,000 people.In 1954, opened the northern end of Central Avenue in Daoli - Sun Island Joy Village route. Ferry steamer has developed to 14, the smallest steamer has 44 passengers, the largest steamer has 160 passengers.　　In 1956, in order to facilitate the ferry passengers, and opened up the Daowai Wudao Street - Shipyard, Majia Shuangkou route, and in the Sun Island, Shipyard, Majia Shuangkou additional ferry station.At that time, the ferry station are the use of old wooden barges as a docking pier, and set up at each station to dismantle the ticket booth, so that according to the rise and fall of the water level with the ferry station to move.

　　In 1963, when it was called the Municipal Transportation Company, there were 19 ferry boats, and the passenger volume reached 2.2 million. 1965, due to the fact that the original steamers were wooden and were scrapped after a long period of time, there were only 12 ferry boats, and the passenger volume dropped to 1.5 million.

　　In 1966, there were 3 new 200-passenger iron steamer, the ferry passenger volume reached more than 2 million.

　　In 1972, the city shipping company in order to adapt to the increase in passenger traffic, but also opened up a short distance Harbin - bird river, Harbin - Da Niu Jiao, Harbin - Da Liangzi suburban routes.

　　In 1973, in order to ensure the safety of passengers on and off the ship, the city ferry company to design and build their own steel catamaran ferry dock boat, to 1978, this dock boat has four.

　　After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, began construction of steel ferries. 1979, the passenger volume of 4 million passengers, realizing a profit of 1.4 million yuan. 1980, the passenger volume increased to 4.68 million passengers, realizing a profit of 12.5 million yuan.

　　In 1984, due to the ship fuel oil from parity to bargaining, and other ship materials have increased prices, the city ferry company losses.

　　In 1985, the new steel steamer has been put into production, counting 300 passenger ferries 3, 80 passenger boat 3, 70 passenger boat 13. At the same time also built 41 meters long, 10 meters wide; 30 meters long, 7 meters wide; 24 meters long, 6 meters wide; 18 meters long, 6 meters wide and other different specifications of the steel ferry terminal boat 13, all eliminated the wooden dock boat. The newly built dock boats are equipped with crew lounges, dispatching rooms and fleet offices, improving the working conditions of the crews and harbor station personnel. In that year, passenger traffic reached 5.57 million. The highest daily passenger traffic reached 150,000 passengers.

　　In 1986, in order to ensure the safety of the ferry during the peak tourist season, the municipal government invested 3.2 million yuan to build two new 800-passenger large ferries, three 300-passenger, 200-passenger two. In the same year, the Songhua River Harbin Highway Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, the ferry passenger volume declined year by year. 1987, the municipal government invested 50,000 yuan, in the Sun Island waterfront, Jinjiang Street, nine stations, Tongjiang Street and other places in the new six fixed ticket booths, its shape is chic, beautiful, for the Songhua River, adding to the landscape.

In 1990, Harbin City Ferry Company has 39 ferries, 4,695 passengers, 2,670 horsepower. Ferry terminal 20. Operating routes are: nine stations - Sun Island Waterfront, nine stations - Jiangxin Island, Tongjiang Street - Jinjiang Street, Daowai seven streets - Sun Island, Daowai seven streets - shipyards, Songpu, Daowai fourteen streets -Jinjiang Street, Daowai 14th Avenue Street - Sugar Factory, Harbin - Laoshantou (82 kilometers) tourism line and other 10. Annual completion of the ferry and tourist passengers more than 3.4 million people

第二篇　航 运 发布时间：

2023-05-05 17:17

第二篇 航 运

　

　　光绪二十四年（1898年），沙俄开始动工修建中东铁路，其筑路器材从俄境起运，由俄轮运至哈尔滨。光绪二十九年（1903年），中东铁路竣工后，中东铁路管理局接收了筑路运输的全部船只，并组成商船队在松花江上以哈尔滨为中心进行非法营运。

　　面对沙俄侵犯中国松花江航权的行径，清政府曾多次提出抗议，但沙俄政府置若罔闻。中国仁人志士为谋振航业，挽回航权，乘日俄战争沙俄惨败之机，便纷纷购买轮船兴办航业。光绪三十二年（1906年）—1917年，在哈尔滨兴办的官、商航运业已达17家，同沙俄商船展开了激烈的竞争，对发展民族航运业，维护航权做出了贡献。

　　1926年8月31日，中国东北当局针对苏联政府阻止中国船只航往黑龙江和独占海参崴金角湾中俄共有设施的行径，断然接收了中东铁路商船队的全部船只，并禁止苏联船只在松花江上航行。从此，结束了沙俄船只在松花江及哈尔滨市区非法运行的历史。

　　哈尔滨沦陷时期，日伪政权成立水运局，全部垄断航运业。日本帝国主义为掠运更多的资源，在大力开拓水运航线的同时，还在三棵树码头（哈尔滨港）铺设铁路专用线，建筑钢板桩岸壁，疏浚港区航道，增设造船设施。　Guangxu twenty-four years (1898), Tsarist Russia began construction of the Middle East Railway, its road construction equipment from the Russian border, transported by Russian ships to Harbin. Guangxu 29 years (1903), after the completion of the Middle East Railway, the Middle East Railway Administration took over the road construction and transportation of all the ships, and formed a merchant fleet in the Songhua River to Harbin as the center of illegal operation.　　In the face of Tsarist Russia's infringement of China's Songhua River navigation rights, the Qing government has repeatedly protested, but the Tsarist Russian government turned a deaf ear. Chinese people seek to revitalize the shipping industry, to regain the right of navigation, taking the opportunity of the tragic defeat of the Tsarist Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, they have to buy ships to set up the shipping industry.Thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906) - 1917, in Harbin, organized by the government, commercial shipping industry has reached 17, with the Tsarist-Russian merchant ships to start a fierce competition, the development of the national shipping industry, the maintenance of shipping rights has made a contribution.

　　August 31, 1926, China's northeastern authorities against the Soviet government to prevent Chinese ships to the Heilongjiang River and the exclusive possession of Vladivostok Golden Horn Bay Sino-Russian facilities, categorically received the Middle East Railway merchant fleet of all the ships, and prohibited the Soviet Union ships on the Songhua River.From then on, the history of illegal operation of Tsarist-Russian ships on the Songhua River and Harbin city center was ended.

　　During the fall of Harbin, the Japanese pseudo-regime set up the Water Transportation Bureau, all monopolizing the shipping industry. Japanese imperialism for the plundering of more resources, in vigorously develop water transport routes at the same time, but also in the three tree terminal (Harbin port) laying railroad lines, construction of steel sheet piling shore wall, dredging the harbor channel, additional shipbuilding facilities. Leap.

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　　1946年，哈尔滨解放，成立了松花江航务局（航运管理局），从此揭开了人民航运新纪元。当时，主要码头被毁，多数航标残缺，沉船堵塞航道，凡有浮动能力的船舶，被苏联红军当做“战利品”全部拖往苏联境内。航运面临的形势极为严峻，航务局党政组织提出“自力更生，发展航运，支援解放战争”的号召，航运职工积极抢修旧船，打捞沉船，修复港口，疏通航道。在恢复航运生产的同时，航务局还抽调船员400余名，汽船20艘，驳船80余艘，由铁路载运，经敦化运往松花湖支援军运。航运系统职工为创建人民航运、赢得东北解放战争的胜利做出了贡献。

　　新中国成立后，松花江航务局于1956年改称东北航务局，统一经营管理黑龙江水系的航政、航运事务，使黑龙江航运的分散经营实现了统一管理。

　　1957—1965年，在社会主义全面建设时期，哈尔滨航运事业发展较快。客运实行一条龙运输，货运实行集点和专线运输，在推广苏联先进的顶推运输方式的同时，又实行了无人驳运输；航标标灯实现了电气化；哈尔滨港机械化作业比重上升到80％；哈尔滨修造船厂全面推广了苏联先进的电焊造船法，使航运事业得以协调发展。　In 1946, the liberation of Harbin, the establishment of the Songhua River Navigation Bureau (Shipping Administration), since then opened a new era of people's shipping.At that time, the main wharf was destroyed, most of the navigational markers were broken, wrecks blocked the waterway, and all the ships with floating capacity were all towed to the Soviet Union by the Soviet Red Army as "trophies of war". Shipping is facing an extremely serious situation, the shipping bureau party and government organizations put forward "self-reliance, the development of shipping, support for the war of liberation" call, shipping workers actively repair old ships, salvage shipwrecks, restoration of ports, dredging waterways.In the restoration of shipping production at the same time, the Bureau of Shipping also mobilized more than 400 crew members, 20 steamships, barges more than 80 by railroads, transported by Dunhua to Songhua Lake to support the military transport.Shipping system workers contributed to the creation of the people's shipping, winning the war of liberation in the Northeast.After the founding of New China, Songhua River Navigation Bureau in 1956 was renamed Northeast Navigation Bureau, unified management of the Heilongjiang River system of navigation, shipping affairs, so that the dispersed operation of the Heilongjiang shipping to achieve unified management.

　　From 1957 to 1965, during the period of comprehensive socialist construction, Harbin shipping business developed faster. Passenger transport to implement a dragon transport, freight transport and special line transport, in the promotion of the Soviet Union advanced top push transport mode at the same time, and the implementation of the unmanned barge transport; beacon light electrification; Harbin port mechanized operation proportion rose to 80%; Harbin shipyard comprehensive promotion of the Soviet Union's advanced welding shipbuilding method, so that the coordinated development of the shipping industry.

　　“文化大革命”期间，航运事业遭到了严重干扰及破坏。工作陷于瘫痪，生产时断时续，生产设备失养失修，以致造成连年亏损，10年累计亏损达3477．6万元。

　　粉碎“江青反革命集团”后，松花江航运出现了航运大治、生产大上的新局面。1977年，实现了“三突破、一扭转”，即：局直营货运量首次突破200万吨，货运周转量突破5亿吨公里，运输收入突破1000万元，一举扭转了企业亏损局面。其中，松花江航运局运量超100万吨，占局直营运量的50％。

　　中共十一届三中全会以后，首先进行企业整顿，继而结合扩权试点，全面推行经济核算、质量管理、岗位经济责任制。　During the "Cultural Revolution", the shipping business was seriously interfered with and destroyed.　The work was paralyzed, the production was intermittent, and the production equipment was out of maintenance and repair, resulting in losses year after year, with an accumulated loss of 34,776,000 yuan in 10 years.

　　After the crushing of "Jiang Qing Counter-revolutionary Group", Songhua River shipping appeared a new situation of great governance of shipping and production, and in 1977, achieved "three breakthroughs, a reversal", namely: the Bureau of Direct Freight exceeded 2 million tons for the first time, freight turnover exceeded 500 million tons of kilometers, transport revenue exceeded 10 million tons.In 1977, "three breakthroughs, a reversal" was achieved, namely: the Bureau of direct freight volume exceeded 2 million tons for the first time, freight turnover exceeded 5 million tons of kilometers, transport revenue exceeded 10 million yuan, reversing the situation of corporate losses.Among them, the shipping volume of Songhua River Shipping Bureau exceeded 1 million tons, accounting for 50% of the Bureau's directly operated shipping volume.After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, we firstly carried out enterprise reorganization, and then combined with the pilot project of expanding authority, fully implemented economic accounting, quality management and job economic responsibility system.

　　1978年，全国第一个具有世界先进水平的分节驳顶推船队由哈尔滨修造船厂建成，并在哈尔滨区段重载试航成功。从此，先进的船队组合方式代替了旧的组合方式；先进的内燃机取代了落后的蒸汽机。这种航速快、节能多、效益高的先进分节驳顶推船队不仅在黑龙江水系全面应用，而且还推广到长江、珠江、黄河各水系，为中国内河使用具有世界先进水平的船队做出了贡献。哈尔滨船舶修造厂由于具有建造分节驳顶推船队的先进经验，南方十多个航运部门纷纷邀请前去建立造船基地，为他们建造分节驳顶推船队。

　　进入“六五”计划期间，进一步改革航运管理体制，实行主副业并举。航标全部实行更新换代，将航标铁板改为桔红色搪瓷标板，并应用荧光漆涂面，为船舶安全航行提供了条件。哈尔滨港务局对木材装卸、中转全部实现机械化，使航运和港口得以同步发展。造船工业逐年建造分节驳船和内燃机推轮，不仅推动了造船工业的发展，也为航运生产增加了先进的运力。In 1978, the nation's first fleet of sectional barge jacking with world advanced level was built by Harbin Ship Repairing & Building Yard, and the heavy load test voyage in Harbin section was successful.From then on, the advanced fleet combination replaced the old combination; advanced internal combustion engine replaced the backward steam engine. This kind of fast speed, energy saving, high efficiency of the advanced sectional barge top push fleet not only in the Heilongjiang water system comprehensive application, but also promoted to the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, the Yellow River systems, for China's inland waterways using the world's advanced level of the fleet has made a contribution.Harbin Ship Repairing Factory has the advanced experience of building sectional barge top-propelled fleet, and more than ten shipping departments in the south have been invited to set up shipbuilding bases and build sectional barge top-propelled fleet for them.

　　Into the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, further reform of the shipping management system, the implementation of the main and secondary industries. Beacon all the implementation of modernization, the beacon iron plate into orange enamel standard plate, and the application of fluorescent paint coating, for the safe navigation of ships to provide the conditions. Harbin Port Authority of timber loading and unloading, transit all mechanized, so that shipping and ports to synchronize development. The shipbuilding industry builds sectional barges and internal combustion engine pushers year by year, which not only promotes the development of shipbuilding industry, but also increases the advanced capacity for shipping production.

　　“七五”计划期间，航运管理局以“解放思想、开拓前进、锐意改革、振兴航运”为指导思想，以“三改、三开、三提高”为方针，即：改革管理体制、改革分配制度、改造设备和工艺；开辟新航线、开拓新货源、开发新技术；提高质量、提高职工物质和文化水平。五年间，运输生产稳步发展，经济效益持续上升，企业管理全面改善。“七五”计划期间，局直营年均货运量386万吨，较“六五”计划期间年均运量增加46％。其中，松花江航运局年均运量182．58万吨，占航运管理局直营总量47％。以哈尔滨为起迄航线的货运量几乎占局直营运量的半数。

　　哈尔滨航运事业在改革开放的新形势下逐渐发生变化。至1990年，已形成港口中转、客货运输、船舶修造、航道管理整治、通讯导航、救助打捞、水运科研、水运工程建筑、外贸经营等多功能、一体化的集团型企业，为哈尔滨市经济社会发展继续发挥桥梁作用。During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the Shipping Administration took "emancipate the mind, forge ahead, reform and revitalize shipping" as its guiding principle, and "three reforms, three openings and three improvements" as its guidelines.That is to say: reforming the management system, reforming the distribution system, reforming the equipment and technology; opening up new routes, exploring new sources of cargo, developing new technologies; improving the quality, improving the material and cultural level of the staff.During the five-year period, the transportation production developed steadily, the economic benefits continued to rise, and the management of the enterprise improved comprehensively."Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the Bureau directly under the annual average volume of 3.86 million tons of freight, compared with the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" during the average annual volume increased by 46%. Among them, the Songhua River Shipping Bureau annual average volume of 1.82 58 million tons, accounting for 47% of the total volume of shipping authority directly.Harbin for the start and end of the route of the freight volume of almost half of the Bureau of direct operation of the volume.

　　Harbin shipping business in the new situation of reform and opening up gradually changed.To 1990, has formed a port transfer, passenger and cargo transportation, ship repair, waterway management and improvement, communication and navigation, rescue and salvage, water transport research, water transport engineering and construction, foreign trade operations, such as multi-functional, integrated group of enterprises, for the economic and social development of Harbin City, continue to play the role of a bridge!

See also

• Ports of Entry of China
• List of ports in China

External links

• www.example.com