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Summary of mainz

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In the early Middle Ages, Mainz played a significant role in the Christianisation of the German and Slavic peoples. The first archbishop in Mainz, Boniface, was killed in 754 while attempting to convert the Frisians to Christianity and is buried in Fulda.[1] The archbishopric of Mainz was established in 781 when Boniface's successor Lullus[2] was granted the pallium by Pope Adrian I.[3] Throughout history, the Archbishops of Mainz held high positions, including serving as archchancellors of the Holy Roman Empire. Notably, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz is unique as it is the only diocese in the world with an episcopal see called a Holy See (sancta sedes).

In 1244, Archbishop Siegfried III granted Mainz a city charter, allowing the citizens to establish and elect a city council.[4] In 1461, a feud between two archbishops, Diether von Isenburg and Adolf II von Nassau, caused unrest in the city. Following Archbishop Adolf's raid on Mainz in 1462, those who opposed him, including Johannes Gutenberg, were either expelled or imprisoned. Ultimately, after the death of Archbishop Adolf II, Diether von Isenburg was reinstated as the Archbishop of Mainz, duly elected by the chapter and appointed by the Pope.[5]

.ruhr

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The .ruhr top-level domain is a geographic TLD specifically designated for the Ruhr area in Germany within the Internet's Domain Name System. It was introduced on 25th November 2013 and is intended for use by Ruhr residents, institutions, and businesses.

The domain operates within the framework of the UDRP (Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy) and supports DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions). Although specific details about its actual use, restrictions, and structure are not widely available, the TLD is actively in use within the Ruhr area.

For more information, you can visit the official website at https://nic.ruhr/ and find additional details in the EuroDNS whois information at https://www.eurodns.com/de/whois-suche/ruhr-domain.

See also: - .de - .saarland

References: - https://www.nic.ruhr/ .ruhr Domain Delegation Data (iana.org)

This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the .ruhr TLD and its significance within the Ruhr area's online presence.























Chester Da Gud Boi

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Chesty XV was a male English bulldog who served as the 16th official mascot of the United States Marine Corps after Receiving Training from his predecessor,Chesty XIV. He served from 2018 to 2021. He was named after the highly regarded Lieutenant General Lewis "Chesty" Puller, who is considered to be one of the most distinguished Marines in the history of the Corps[6]

Chesty XV was born on March 19, 2018, at the prestigious Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia. He was selected to serve as the Marine Corps mascot at the age of nine weeks, following a stringent selection process that assessed his temperament, behaviour, and physical attributes.

After completing his comprehensive training, Chesty XV made his debut as the official Marine Corps mascot on July 5, 2018, during the Friday Evening Parade at Marine Barracks Washington.

During his tenure as the Marine Corps mascot, Chesty XV participated in numerous high-profile events, including parades, ceremonies, and sporting events.

In August 2021, it was announced that Chesty XV had been diagnosed with cancer. Despite receiving treatment, his condition deteriorated, and he passed away on August 31, 2021, at the youthful age of three. He was laid to rest with full military honors at the Marine Corps Base Quantico.[7][8][9]

See also

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Military offices
Preceded by Mascot of the U.S. Marine Corps
2018–present 		Succeeded by

References

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  1. ^ "Mainz". Sankt Bonifatius. 1 October 2012. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Lullus von Mainz". Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Lullus". Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  4. ^ "50 1230–1249 Siegfried III. von Eppstein". Institut für Mainzer Kirchengeschichte Bistum Mainz (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Diether von Isenburg". regionalgeschichte.net. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  6. ^ https://www.militarytimes.com/off-duty/military-culture/2022/02/03/marine-corps-welcomes-its-newest-mascot/
  7. ^ Snow, Shawn (March 19, 2018). "Meet Chesty XV, the new Marine Corps mascot". Marine Corps Times. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  8. ^ Brown, Daniel (October 10, 2018). "The Marine Corps just retired its 14th Chesty mascot – here's why the Corps loves English bulldogs". Business Insider. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  9. ^ "Marine Corps mascot, Sgt. Chesty XIV, retires". WCMH-TV. August 24, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.


















ANOTHER ARTICLE

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.NRW

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.NRW is a top-level domain (TLD) that represents the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The official introduction took place on March 24, 2015.[1] and is currently managed by dotNRW GmbH. This TLD offers a unique online presence for the state and its residents. Although anyone can register for the domain, it is primarily intended for businesses and organizations based in North Rhine-Westphalia.[2]

About

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The.NRW domain is becoming increasingly popular, and it is now commonly used for marketing campaigns, events, and other initiatives. The dotNRW GmbH manages the domain and provides a range of services and support to its users. The company has been instrumental in promoting the use of the .NRW TLD and in ensuring that it remains a secure and reliable online platform. It has been free for citizens and companies to use since March 2015.[3]

One of the strengths of the .NRW domain is the strong community of registrants that support it. This community is made up of businesses, organizations, and individuals who work together to promote the state's culture, economy, and identity. The .NRW domain has become an important part of the state's online presence, and it is expected to continue to grow in popularity in the years to come.

Usage

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The government website open.nrw was the first website to use the new extension.[2] Around 19,500 .nrw domains have been registered as of 2020.[4]

DUOPSONY

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A Duopsony is a market structure in Economics in which only two buyers substantially control the market as the major purchasers of goods and services offered by many would-be sellers. The microeconomic theory of duopsony assumes two entities to have market power over all sellers as the only two purchasers of a good or service. This is a similar power to that of a Duopolist, which can influence the price for its buyers in a Duopoly, where multiple buyers have only two sellers of a good or service available to purchase from.

Characteristics

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Duopsony is characterized by a small number of buyers and a large number of sellers, which results in buyers having significant market power over sellers. With only two buyers, suppliers have limited options to sell their goods or services, which allows the buyers to exert greater influence over price and other terms of trade.

In a duopsony, buyers may also engage in strategic behavior, such as colluding to reduce the price they pay for goods or services or engaging in exclusive dealing arrangements with suppliers. These actions can further limit the bargaining power of suppliers and result in reduced competition in the market.

Examples

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Examples of duopsony include the market for agricultural products, where a small number of large buyers purchase crops from numerous small-scale farmers, and the market for labor, where a small number of employers purchase labor from a large pool of workers.

In the agricultural market, large retailers such as Walmart and Kroger are often the only buyers of certain crops, such as tomatoes, which allows them to dictate the terms of trade with suppliers. In the labor market, large employers such as Amazon and Walmart have significant market power over workers, which can result in lower wages and reduced benefits for employees.

Implications

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Duopsony can have significant implications for market outcomes, including reduced competition, lower prices for suppliers, and reduced supply of goods or services. As buyers have greater market power, they can negotiate lower prices with suppliers, which can result in reduced profits for suppliers and reduced investment in production.

Moreover, duopsony can also result in reduced innovation and product quality, as suppliers may have limited incentives to invest in research and development or improve product quality if they are unable to negotiate higher prices from buyers.

Conclusion

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Duopsony is a market structure that is characterized by a small number of buyers and a large number of sellers, which results in buyers having significant market power over suppliers. While duopsony can result in lower prices for buyers, it can also have significant negative implications for suppliers, including reduced profits and reduced incentives for innovation and product quality improvement. Policymakers need to monitor duopsonistic markets and take action to promote competition and ensure fair market outcomes.




Wikitable Practice

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2005 series
Image Value Dimensions Main colour Description Date of Ref.
Obverse Reverse Watermark issue withdrawal lapse
Obverse Reverse Rs. 5/- 115 × 65 mm Olive and grey Muhammad Ali Jinnah Gwadar Port Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "5" 8 July 2008 31 December 2011 31 December 2012 [5][6]
Rs. 10/- 115 × 65 mm Olive Bab-e-Khyber (entrance to the Khyber Pass) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "10" 27 May 2006 Current [7]
Rs. 20/- 123 × 65 mm Burgundy Mohenjo-daro Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "20" 13 August 2005 Current [8]
Orange 22 March 2008 Current [9]
Rs. 50/- 131 × 65 mm Purple K2 Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "50" 8 July 2008 Current [10]
Rs. 100/- 139 × 65 mm Red Quaid-e-Azam Residency Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "100" 11 November 2006 Current [11]
Rs. 500/- 147 × 65 mm Green Badshahi Mosque Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "500" 11 November 2006 Current [12]
Rs. 1,000/- 155 × 65 mm Blue Islamia College in Peshawar Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "1000" 26 February 2007 Current [13]
Rs. 5,000/- 163 × 65 mm Brown Faisal Mosque Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "5000" 27 May 2006 Current [14]
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.


And the other

Banknotes before the 2005 series[15]
Image Value Dimensions Main color Description – Reverse Status
Obverse Reverse
Re. 1/- 95 × 66 mm Brown Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal in Lahore No longer in circulation
Rs. 2/- 109 × 66 mm Purple Badshahi Masjid in Lahore
Rs. 5/- 127 × 73 mm Burgundy Khojak Tunnel in Balochistan
Rs. 10/- 141 × 73 mm Green Mohenjo-daro in Larkana District No longer in circulation
Rs. 50/- 154 × 73 mm Purple and red Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort in Lahore
Rs. 100/- 165 × 73 mm Red and orange Islamia College in Peshawar
Rs. 500/- 175 × 73 mm Green, tan, red, and orange The State Bank of Pakistan in Islamabad No longer in circulation
Rs. 1,000/- 175 × 73 mm Blue Tomb of Jahangir in Lahore


















Article stuff

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.koeln
Introduced2014
Intended useRuhr residents, institutions, and businesses
Dispute policiesUDRP
DNSSECYes
Registry websitewww.nic.ruhr

.ruhr is a geographic top-level domain for Ruhr, Germany in the Domain Name System of the Internet.It Launched In 2013, before .london or .berlin[16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Neue Adress-Endung im Internet". Das Landesportal Wir in NRW (in German). 2015-03-23. Retrieved 2020-07-23.
  2. ^ a b "Top-Level-Domain .nrw wird für Bürger und Unternehmen verfügbar" (in German). Retrieved 2020-07-09.
  3. ^ "Plenarprotokoll 15/47" (PDF; 200 kB). Landtag NRW (in German). 2011-11-17. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  4. ^ ".nrw Top-Level Domain Breakdown". nTLDStats (in German). Retrieved 2020-07-23.
  5. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 5". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  6. ^ Maqbool, Imran (8 July 2011). "Demonetization of Rs 500 Old-Design and Rs 5 Banknotes" (PDF). State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 10". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  8. ^ "Pakistan Bank Note (Rupees 20)". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  9. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 20". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 4 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  10. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 50". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 4 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  11. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 100". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  12. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 500". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 1000". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  14. ^ "Banknotes - Rupees 5000". State Bank of Pakistan. Karachi. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  15. ^ "Banknotes and Coins Under Circulation" (PDF). State Bank of Pakistan. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  16. ^ https://www.nic.ruhr/
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Just some practice

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The Free City Mainz, was a city-state that existed from 13 BC to 1803 in the early Middle Ages, which played a crucial role in the Christianization of the German and Slavic communities during the Middle Ages.

The first archbishop of Mainz, Boniface, was assassinated in 754 while attempting to convert the Frisians to Christianity, and his remains are interred in Fulda.[1] Mainz became a regular archbishopric in 781, when Boniface's successor, Lullus[2], was granted the pallium by Pope Adrian I.[3] Harald Klak, king of Jutland, and his followers were baptized at Mainz in 826, in the abbey of St. Alban's.[4] Rabanus Maurus, a scholar and writer, and Willigis, who initiated the construction of the current building of the Mainz Cathedral and established the Monastery of St. Stephan, were among the early archbishops of Mainz.[5][6]

From Willigis until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Archbishops of Mainz served as the archchancellors of the Empire and were the most important of the seven Electors of the Holy Roman Emperor. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz is the only diocese in the world with an episcopal see known as a Holy See, in addition to Rome. The Archbishops of Mainz were traditionally primas germaniae.[7] In 1244, Archbishop Siegfried III granted Mainz a city charter, which gave the citizens the right to establish and elect a city council.[8]

In 1461, a conflict erupted between two archbishops: Diether von Isenburg, who had been elected Archbishop by the cathedral chapter and was backed by the citizens, and Adolf II von Nassau, who had been named archbishop of Mainz by the pope.[9]

  1. ^ "Mainz". Sankt Bonifatius. 1 October 2012. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Lullus von Mainz". Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Lullus". Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  4. ^ Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, (Longman Group, 1999), 229.
  5. ^ Herkens, Monika (4 February 2020). "Rabanus Maurus". Die Mainzer Heiligen Bistum Mainz (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  6. ^ Herkens, Monika (23 February 2020). "Willigis". Die Mainzer Heiligen Bistum Mainz (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Primas". katholisch.de (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  8. ^ "50 1230–1249 Siegfried III. von Eppstein". Institut für Mainzer Kirchengeschichte Bistum Mainz (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Diether von Isenburg". regionalgeschichte.net. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
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