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Notes and resources
[edit]Current draft: List of largest craters in the Solar System
[edit]
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2024) |
Following are the largest impact craters on various worlds of the Solar System. For a full list of named craters, see List of craters in the Solar System.
| Body | Crater | Crater diameter | Body diameter | Ratio | Images | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury | Caloris | 1,550 km (963 mi) | 4,880 km | 32% | .png)
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| Rembrandt | 715 km (444 mi) | 15% | 
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| Venus | Mead | 280 km (170 mi) | 12,100 km | 2% | .png) |
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| Earth | Vredefort | 250–300 km (160–190 mi) | 12,740 km | 2% | 
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| Chicxulub crater | 182 km (113 mi) | 1.4% | 
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Cause or contributor of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event | ||
| Sudbury Basin | 130 km (80 mi) | 1% | 
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| Moon (moon of Earth) |
Procellarum | 3,000 km (2,000 mi) | 3,470 km | 86% | 
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Not confirmed as an impact basin. |
| South Pole–Aitken basin | 2,500 km (1,600 mi) | 70% | 
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| Imbrium | 1,145 km (711 mi) | 33% | 
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| Mars | North Polar Basin | 10,600 × 8,500 km (6,550 × 5,250 mi) | 6,780 km | 125–155% | 
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Not confirmed as an impact basin |
| Utopia | 3,300 km (2,100 mi)[1] | 50% | 
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Largest confirmed impact basin on Mars and in the Solar System | ||
| Hellas | 2,300 km (1,400 mi) | 34% | 
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Largest visible crater in the Solar System | ||
| Isidis | ~1,900 km (1,200 mi)[2] | 28% | 
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Heavily degraded to the northeast | ||
| Argyre | 1,700 km (1,100 mi)[3] | 25.1% | 
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May have an outer ring 2750 km in diameter[3] | ||
| Vesta (asteroid) | Rheasilvia | 505 km (310 mi) | 529 km (569 km)[4] | 90%[4] | 
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| Veneneia | 395 km (250 mi) | 70%[4] | 
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Partially obscured by Rheasilvia | ||
| Ceres (asteroid) | Kerwan | 284 km (180 mi)[5] | 952 km | 30% | 
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Faint shallow crater, below the center of this image. |
| Yalode | 271 km (170 mi)[5] | 28% | 
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| Hygiea (asteroid) | Serpens | 180±15 | 434 ± 14 km | 40% | ||
| Ganymede (moon of Jupiter) |
Epigeus | 343 km (213 mi) | 5,270 km | 6.5% | 
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| Callisto (moon of Jupiter) |
Valhalla | 360 km (224 mi) | 4,820 km | 7.5% | 
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| Heimdall | 210 km (130 mi) | 4% | (no good images have been taken) | |||
| Mimas (moon of Saturn) |
Herschel | 139 km (86 mi) | 396 km | 35% | 
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| Tethys (moon of Saturn) |
Odysseus | 445 km (277 mi) | 1,060 km | 42% | 
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| Dione (moon of Saturn) |
Evander | 350 km (220 mi)[6] | 1,123 km | 34% | 
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| Rhea (moon of Saturn) |
Mamaldi | 480 km (300 mi)[7] | 1,530 km | 31% | 
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| Tirawa | 360 km (220 mi) | 24% | 
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| Titan (moon of Saturn) |
Menrva | 392 km (244 mi) | 5,150 km | 7.5% | 
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| Iapetus (moon of Saturn) |
Turgis | 580 km (360 mi) | 1,470 km | 40% | 
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| Engelier | 504 km (313 mi) | 34% | 
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| Gerin | 445 km (277 mi) | 30% | 
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Gerin is overlain by Engelier | ||
| Falsaron | 424 km (263 mi) | 29% | 
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| Titania (moon of Uranus) |
Gertrude | 326 km (203 mi) | 1,580 km | 21% | 
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Little of Titania has been imaged, so it may well have larger craters. |
| Pluto | Sputnik Planitia basin | ca. 1,400 × 1,200 km[8] average: ~1,300 km |
2,377 km | ~54.7% | 
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Partially infilled by convecting Nitrogen ice, heavily eroded |
| Burney | 296 km (184 mi) | 12.5% | 
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Heavily degraded, difficult to see | ||
| Charon (moon of Pluto) |
Mordor Macula basin | ca. 475 km (295 mi) | 1,207 km | 40% | 
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Dark region at north pole. Not confirmed as an impact basin |
| Dorothy | ca. 261 km (162 mi) | 21% | 
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Crater at upper right overlapping Mordor Macula |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ McGill, G. E. (1989-03-10). "Buried topography of Utopia, Mars: Persistence of a giant impact depression". Journal of Geophysical Research. 94: 2753–2759. Bibcode:1989JGR....94.2753M. doi:10.1029/JB094iB03p02753.
- ^ Tornabene, Livio L.; Moersch, Jeffery E.; McSween, Harry Y.; et al. (October 2008). "Surface and crater-exposed lithologic units of the Isidis Basin as mapped by coanalysis of THEMIS and TES derived data products". Journal of Geophysical Research. 113 (E10). Bibcode:2008JGRE..11310001T. doi:10.1029/2007JE002988.
- ^ a b Hiesinger, Harald; Head, James W., III (August 2002). "Topography and morphology of the Argyre Basin, Mars: implications for its geologic and hydrologic history". Planetary and Space Science. 50 (10–11): 939–981. Bibcode:2002P&SS...50..939H. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00054-5.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Rheasilvia and Veneneia are 95% and 75% of the mean diameter of Vesta, 529 km. However, the mean is affected by the craters themselves. They are 89% and 69% the mean equatorial diameter of 569 km.
- ^ a b Planetary Names: Search Results
- ^ USGS
- ^ USGS
- ^ McGovern, P. J.; White, O. L.; Schenk, P. M. (December 2021). "Tectonism and Enhanced Cryovolcanic Potential Around a Loaded Sputnik Planitia Basin, Pluto". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 126. Bibcode:2021JGRE..12606964M. doi:10.1029/2021JE006964.
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See also: Formation and evolution of the Solar System, list of the Solar System's objects by discovery date, by orbit, and by radius or mass, and the Solar System Portal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||