User:Anon Perun101/sandbox/Wszołek (surname)

New article name goes here new article content ...

Wszołek (Polish pronunciation: [fʂɔwɛk] or [fʂɔɫ̪ɛk]) is a surname of Polish origin.

Pronunciation

There are two pronunciations for this surname since the letter Ł (ł) in Polish can be pronounced in two ways.

In Slavic languages, this letter represents the continuation of Proto-Slavic non-palatal ⟨L⟩ (dark L), except in Polish, Kashubian, and Sorbian, where it evolved further into /w/. In Polish, ⟨Ł⟩ is used to distinguish historical dark (velarized) L from clear L. The Polish ⟨Ł⟩ now sounds the same as the English ⟨w⟩, as in water (except in some eastern dialects where it still sounds velarized). In 1440, Jakub Parkoszowic [PL] proposed a letter resembling ℓ to represent clear L. For dark L he suggested 'l' with a stroke running in the opposite direction to the modern version.[citation needed] The latter was introduced in 1514–1515 by Stanisław Zaborowski in his Orthographia seu modus recte scribendi et legendi Polonicum idioma quam utilissimus. L with stroke originally represented a velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ], a pronunciation that is preserved in the eastern part of Poland and among the Polish minority in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. This pronunciation is similar to Russian unpalatalised ⟨Л⟩ in native words and grammar forms. In modern Polish, Ł is usually pronounced /w/ (exactly as w in English as a consonant, as in wet). This pronunciation first appeared among Polish lower classes in the 16th century. It was considered an uncultured accent by the upper classes (who pronounced ⟨Ł⟩ as /ɫ/) until the mid-20th century when this distinction gradually began to fade.[citation needed] The shift from [ɫ] to [w] in Polish has affected all instances of dark L, even word-initially or intervocalically, e.g. ładny ('pretty, nice') is pronounced [ˈwadnɨ], słowo ('word') is [ˈswɔvɔ], and ciało ('body') is [ˈtɕawɔ]. Ł often alternates with clear L, such as the plural forms of adjectives and verbs in the past tense that are associated with masculine personal nouns, e.g. mały → mali ([ˈmawɨ] → [ˈmali]). Alternation is also common in declension of nouns, e.g. from nominative to locative, tło → na tle ([twɔ] → [naˈtlɛ]). Polish final Ł also often corresponds to Ukrainian word-final ⟨В⟩ Ve (Cyrillic) and Belarusian ⟨Ў⟩ (Short U (Cyrillic). Thus, 'he gave' is 'dał' in Polish, 'дав' in Ukrainian, 'даў' in Belarusian (all pronounced [daw]), but 'дал' [daɫ] in Russian. The old pronunciation [ɫ] of Ł is still fully understandable but is considered theatrical in most regions.

Etymology

Meaning #1

'Little louse' OR 'Son of a louse'

Unflattering nickname from a diminutive of 'WSZOL' (louse) and -dzyk, -czak, -czek, -ek, -ak which are diminutives, meaning 'little' or 'son of'.

Furthermore, the suffix -czyk, -yk, -ek was used during Medieval times to describe a profession as a diminutive, often, but not always, indicating a trainee - the learning assistant before achieving a full job title or seniority.

A Polish cognominal surname (nazwisko przezwiskowe) derives from a person's nickname, usually based on his profession, occupation, physical description, character trait, etc. The occupational surnames often would come from the Medieval Polish serf-villages, where a whole village serving the prince, township or lord, or a few streets in a town block would be inhabited by the same kind of specialized workers, often a guild of professionals. These areas would often be separate from the rest of the town due to the danger of fire (bell-makers and smiths), area ownership by the guild, or due to unpleasant pollution (tanners, wool-workers). Such serf areas would bear the plural form of the profession name, such as Piekary (bakers), Garbary (tanners), Winiary (winemakers). Furthermore, the suffix -czyk, -yk, -ek was used to describe a profession as a diminutive, often, but not always, indicating a trainee - the learning assistant before achieving a full job title or seniority.

Meaning #2

'Defender of all people', 'Defender of all men', 'Protector of all men' OR 'All holy', 'All sacred', 'All blessed'

1st part - 'Vse', 'Vše', 'Wsze', 'Wszo' & etc., meaning 'ALL' in Slavic languages.

2nd part - Olek being the Polish short form of Aleksander (Alexander) which means 'Defender of the people', 'Defending men', or 'Protector of men'.

Alternatively

Olek could come from Oleg which means 'Holy', 'Sacred', or 'Blessed'.

Geographical distribution

The surname is not that common compared to other Polish surnames and it's even less common outside of Poland (really rare). According to nazwiska-polskie.pl, there's a total of 2706 bearers of that surname in the country of which the vast majority is located in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship and the Silesian Voivodeship.

The top 3 cities having the most people bearing that surname include :

1. Kraków - 209
2. Gorlice - 125
3. Rożnowice - 99

There's a village in Poland named Wszołów.

Polish variations

Grammatical case	Example	Singular	Plural
Nominative	To jest/To są	Wszołek	Wszołki
Genitive	Brak nam	Wszołka	Wszołków
Dative/Instrumental	Gratulujemy	Wszołkowi	Wszołków
Accusative	Zapraszamy	Wszołka	Wszołków
Ablative	Razem z	Wszołkiem	Wszołkami
Locative	Pamiętamy o	Wszołku	Wszołkach
Vocative	Oj, ty!/Oj, wy!	Wszołku	Wszołkowie

Orthography

Script	Transliteration
Latin (Slavic)	Wszołek/Wšołek/Všolek
Cyrillic	Вшолэк
Glagolitic	ⰂⰞⰑⰎⰅⰍ

Notable people

• Paweł Wszołek, Polish footballer

External links

• www.example.com