User:Ana L. Cortez/sandbox/faneffect
What I plan to add
[edit]The fan effect [1] or "the paradox of interference[2] is a psychological phenomenon where recognition times for a sentence relating to a particular concept increase as more information about the concept is acquired.
The Origin of the Fan Effect
[edit]The fan effect made its first appearance in a series of experiments conducted by John R. Anderson, a cognitive psychologist, in 1974. The three experiements he conducted involved participants learning 26 sentences that paired a person with a location. Additionally, they were asked to determine whether or not a particular sentence that was given to them belonged to the 26 they were asked to study. An example of a sentence Anderson used in his experiment was: "A hippie is in the park." Some sentences seemed similar in the sense that a person was paired with another location. For instance, "A hippie is in the church." Results revealed that participants produced a longer retrieval time when a person was paired with more than one location. Overall, these experiments demonstrated that multiple associations, such as including a large number of nouns in a sentence, interfered with the recognition time by producing a much slower effect.
Based on Anderson's experiments, the term "fan" was later said to represent the number of facts that corresponded to a phrase.[3] Therefore Anderson's 1974 experiments produced greater fans for sentences that involved three subjects than those that included just one.
The ACT-R is a cognitive model developed of Anderson that has been successfully used to describe the fan effect of interference for associated information
Read this: [4]
Recent Experiments Regarding the Fan Effect
[edit]Since Anderson's 1974 experiments, only a few experimenters recreated his studies. The most recent one was published in the summer of 2014 by Kevin A. Autry and William H. Levine. Similar to Anderson, Autry's and Levine created three experiments that involved sentences with up to four nouns in them. [5] A previous one included [6]
External Links
[edit]Sources:
- ^ Anderson, John (October 1974). "Retrieval of propositional information from long-term memory". Cognitive Psychology. 6 (4): 451–474. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90021-8.
- ^ Strube, G.& Wender, K.F. The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge. Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. ISBN 0080867553.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Anderson, J.R. & Reder, L.N. (1999). "The Fan Effect: New Results and New Theories". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 128 (2): 186–197.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Radvansky, G.A. (1999). "The fan effect: A tale of two theories" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology. 128: 198-206.
- ^ Autry, K.S & Levine, W.H (2014). "A fan effect in anaphor processing: effects of multiple". Frontiers in Pyschology. 5: 1–15. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00818.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Cantor, Judy; Engle, Randall W. (1993). "Working-memory capacity as long-term memory activation: An individual-differences approach". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 19 (5): 1101–1114.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)