User:An.cellkid/Ganglion cell

Ganglion Cells

In neurophysiology, a ganglion cell is a cell found in a ganglion (a cluster of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.)

Ganglion cell
Various forms of nerve cells. A. Pyramidal cell. B. Small multipolar cell, in which the dendrites quickly divides into numerous branches. C. Small fusiform cell. D and E. Ganglion cells
Details
Location	Varies by type
Shape	Varies
Function	Varies but often excitatory projection
Neurotransmitter	Varies but often glutamate
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Ganglion cells are the final output for sensory information. Ganglion cells receive and pass on chemical signals to the brain, where they can be processed and sorted.

Structure

The ganglion cell is composed of a cell body, dendrites, axon, nodes of Ranvier, and synapses.

The cell body is in the center of the ganglion cell and contains the expected organelles of a eukaryotic cell, including a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more. The mitochondria is the site of energy formation which allows it to continue work.

The dendrites receive new information, and then the axon terminals at the opposite end send the information on to the next neuron.

Ganglion cells at high magnification

Neuron

Examples of ganglion cells include:

• Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) found in the ganglion cell layer of the retina
• Cells that reside in the adrenal medulla, where they are involved in the sympathetic nervous system's release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream
• Cells of the sympathetic ganglia
• Cells of the parasympathetic ganglia
• Cells of the spiral ganglia

Retina Ganglion Cells

Retina ganglion cells are a type of neuron in the retina which transfer visual signals from the photoreceptors to the brain for processing. Ganglion cells get the chemical signals via bipolar cells.

A lack of cells or loss of function would result in vision loss or complete blindness.