User:Allahverdi Verdizade

Laboya

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
	Voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
Plosive	Voiced	b	d̠	ɟ	ɡ
	Implosive	ɓ	ɗ	ʄ
Affricate			(t͡ʃ)
Trill			r
Fricative			(s)			h
Lateral			l̺
Approximant		w		j

Western Yugur

See also: [[:User:Crom_daba/Western-Yugur_orthography]]

• To the left in the cell: notation found in Roos (2010).
  
• In the center: IPA values.
  
• To the right: proposed orthography for Wiktionary. The caron ˇ stands for palatalization; accent ◌̀ /◌́ is placed over the preceding/following vowel and stands for aspiration. The direction of the upper end of the accent is indicating where the ʰ should be (pre- or postaspiration). This is reduntant from the phonemic point of view, but will enable the construction of an automatic IPA-module. For this purpose, <h> cannot be used for aspiration, since there is also a phonemic /h/.
  
• If only one character is found in a cell, then all three are identical

Consonant phonemes

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n			<ŋ> ŋ <ñ>
Plosive	voiceless aspirated	<pʰ> pʰ <p◌̀ /◌́ >	<tʰ> tʰ t◌̀ /◌́			<kʰ> kʰ <k◌̀ / ◌́ >	<qʰ> qʰ <q◌̀ / ◌́ >
	plain voiceless	p	t			k	q
Affricate	voiceless aspirated		<cʰ> (t͡sʰ) <ts◌̀ /◌́ >	<c̨ʰ> ʈ͡ʂʰ <ç◌̀ /◌́ >	<ɕʰ> c͡çʰ <č◌̀ /◌́ >
	plain voiceless		<c> t͡s <ts>	<c̨> ʈ͡ʂ <ç>	<ɕ> c͡ç <č>
Fricative	voiceless	(f)	s	<ʂ>ʂ <ş>	ç <x̌>	x		h
	voiced		z	<ʐ> ʐ <j>		<ɣ> ɣ <ğ>
Trill			r
Approximant			l		j <y>	w

Sample words

s̯ in s̯oɣïl stands for voiceless palatal fricative (see the thumbnail in the table above) which is represented by LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CURL used in Roos (2010) and which cannot be represented here using Unicode.

Roos (2010)	IPA	Proposed	Gloss
pïʰtïr	pɯʰtɯr	pítır	'last year'
iʰt	iʰt	i̇́t	'meat'
kʰip	kʰip	ki̇̀p	'custom'
aʰti	ɑʰti	áti	'small'
iʰtikti=	iʰtikti	i̇́tikti	'to carry in one's shirt'
eʰt=	eʰt	ét	'to arrive'
sen	sen	sen	'you'
pezïk	pezɯk	pezık	'big'
temïr	temɯr	temır	'iron'
c̨ʰoke=	ʈ͡ʂʰoke	çòke	'to sit'
semen	semen	semen	'food'
tʰeke	tʰeke	tèke	'male goat'
kʰeleke	kʰeleke	kèleke	'shade'
tʰeŋïlïk	tʰeŋɯlɯk	tèñılık	'blind'
pʰeɣ	pʰeɣ	pèğ	'chief'
ezer	ezer	ezer	'saddle'
ewer	ewer	ewer	'ghost'
nɑɣʂe	nɑɣʂe	nağşe	'what to do?'
kuziɣï	kuziɣɯ	kuziğı	'husband'
tɑʰqï	tɑʰqɯ	táqı	'yet'
qïʰrq=	qɯʰrq	qírq	'to shave'
qïʰqïr=	qɯʰqɯr	qíqır	'to shout'
iʰɕinti	iʰc͡çinti	i̇́činti	'in it'
qʰulɑq	qʰulɑq	qùlaq	'ear'
s̯oɣïl	çoɣɯl	x̌oğıl	'to bake'
ɕorɣɑwɑʂ	c͡çorɣɑwɑʂ	Čorğawaş	Chorgawash (a name)

Sample text

The text is the first 7 lines of the text no. 14, 'Semsehlchin', Roos (2010 p. 259)

Pítır oríkel ışkı čazı par itı. Pırınti pır yiğıt par iti. Pu čazınıñ anásı yiğıtıñki yáş itı, kèlnıñki yáş itı. Eni pır čazı yiğıtıñki pusax̌iña, kèlnıñkima jıq itı. Antaqantaya pır kùnki étkintiya átısqıla mañqantu, tàğ artqa. Antaqanta átısqıla mañqantaya naqı pır čazı yiğıtıñki áhtı mıntırğı pòsın mantırğa qılışın mantırğa, naqı mañqantı. Pu pır čazı áttı mıntırmın ku qaylağa mañqantı.

X-sampa for Azerbaijani

Vowels

X-SAMPA	IPA	Description
A	ɑ	open back unrounded vowel
{	æ	near-open front unrounded vowel
9	œ	open-mid front rounded vowel
M	ɯ	close back unrounded vowel

Consonants

X-SAMPA	IPA	Description
S	ʃ	Voiceless postalveolar fricative
G	ɣ	voiced velar fricative
5	ɫ	velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e
d_Z	d͡ʒ	Voiced postalveolar affricate
d_z	d͡z	Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate
tS)	t͡ʃ	Voiceless postalveolar affricate
ts)	t͡s	Voiced postalveolar affricate
X	χ	Voiceless uvular fricative

Other

X-SAMPA	IPA	Description
:	ː	long
"	ˈ	primary stress