User:Alexlatham96/List of compositions with unusual key relationships

This list contains musical compositions which use unusual secondary key centres. The list is sorted first by the scale of the tonal structure, and then by the interval of the modulation.

Single movements

These movements, most of them in sonata form or binary form, contain tonal relationships between the two subject areas (or main tonal regions) that deviate from the norm of modulating to the dominant (in a major key) or to the relative major, dominant minor, or (in a minor key).

Major second

Schubert - Trout Quintet, ii (F-G)

Major third

Vivaldi - Trio Sonata in D minor, ii (B♭-d)
Bach - Suite in B flat major, BWV821, Courante (B♭-d)
Beethoven - Piano Sonata in G, Opus 31 no. 1 (1802), i (G-b)
Beethoven - Piano Sonata, "Waldstein" (1804), i (C-E)
Beethoven - Leonore Overture #3 (Fidelio) (1806) (C-E)
Beethoven - Symphony No. 7 (1812), iv (A-c♯)
Brahms - String Quintet No. 1, i and iii (F-A)
Brahms - Symphony No. 3, i (F-a)

Perfect fourth

Mozart - String Quartet No. 13 in D minor, K. 173, i (d-a-e-g)
Chopin - Piano Concerto no. 1, iii (E-A)
Rachmaninoff - Piano Sonata No. 2, iii (B♭-E♭)
Schubert - Trout Quintet, v (A-D)

Tritone

Rachmaninoff - Piano Concerto No. 4, iii (g-D♭)

Minor sixth

Beethoven - Symphony No. 9, i (d-B♭)
Beethoven - Sonata Op. 106 in B, iii (f♯-D)
Beethoven - Piano Sonata Op. 111, i (c-A♭)
Beethoven - String Quartet Op. 130, i (B♭-G♭)
Brahms - Piano Quintet Op. 34, i (f-D♭)
Brahms - Piano Quintet Op. 34, ii (A♭-E)
Grieg - Piano sonata in E minor, iv (e-C)
Rachmaninoff - Piano Sonata No. 1, i (d-B♭)
Rachmaninoff - Symphony No. 1, i (d-B♭)
Schubert - Symphony No. 8, i (b-G)

Major sixth

Bach - Suite in B major, BWV 821, Allemande (B♭-g)
Beethoven - Triple Concerto, i (C-a)
Beethoven - Piano Trio "Archduke", i (B♭-G)
Beethoven - Piano Sonata Op. 106, i (B♭-G)
Brahms - Piano Sonata No. 1, i (C-a)
Brahms - Piano Trio No. 1, i (B-g♯)
Dvorak - Sonatina for Violin and Piano, i (G-e)

Minor seventh

Beethoven - Symphony No. 9, ii (d-C)
Rachmaninoff - Symphony No. 2, iii (E-D)
Rachmaninoff - Piano Concerto No. 2, iii (c-B♭)
Tchaikovsky - Symphony No. 5, i (e-D)

Multi-movement work

These multi-movement works contain unusual tonal relationships between the movements.

Minor second

Haydn - Piano Sonata in E♭, No. 52 (ii is in E)
Brahms - Cello Sonata No. 2 in F (ii is in F♯)
Beethoven - String Quartet Op. 131 in C♯ minor (ii is in D)

Minor third (in major-key works)

Schubert - Piano Sonata in B♭, D 960 (ii is in C♯ minor)
Schubert - Violin Sonata in A, D 574 (iii is in C)
Schumann - String Quartet in F (ii is in A♭)

Major third (in minor-key works)

Beethoven - Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor (ii is in E)
Brahms - Piano Quartet No. 3 in C minor (iii is in E)
Brahms - Symphony No. 1 in C minor (ii is in E)
Chopin - Piano Sonata No. 3 in B minor (ii is in E♭)
Grieg - Piano Concerto in A minor (ii is in D♭)
Rachmaninoff - Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor (ii is in E)

Minor sixth (in major-key works)

Beethoven - Sonata Op. 101 in A (ii is in F)
Beethoven - Sonata Op. 106 in B♭ (iii is in F♯ minor)
Beethoven - Piano Concerto Op. 15 in C (ii is in A♭)
Beethoven - Piano Concerto Op. 83 in E♭ (ii is in B)
Beethoven - String Quartet Op. 16 in D (ii is in B♭)
Beethoven - String Quartet Op. 132 in A (iii is in F Lydian)
Beethoven - String Quartet Op. 135 in F (iii is in D♭)
Beethoven - Symphony No. 7 in A (iii is in F, but ii is in A minor with an A major trio)
Schubert - Piano Sonata in B, D 575 (iii is in G)
Schubert - Piano Sonata in E, D 459 (ii is in C) (same with the other possible E major sonata)
Schubert - Piano Sonata in C, D 840 (iii is in A♭, but ii is in C minor)

Major sixth (in minor-key works)

Schumann - Violin Sonata Op. 121 in D minor (ii is in B minor)
Scriabin - Piano Sonata No. 3 in F♯ minor (ii is in E♭)
Beethoven - String Quartet Op. 95 in F minor (ii is in D)
Mendelssohn - Piano Concerto no. 1 in G minor (ii is in E, but iii is in G major)

Minor seventh

Vivaldi - Violin Concerto No. 4 in F minor "Winter" (ii is in E♭ major)
Beethoven - String Quartet Op. 131 in C♯ minor (ii is in B minor)
Schubert - String Quartet D 46 in C (iii is in B♭)

Major seventh

Kabalevsky - Cello Sonata in B♭ major, Op. 71 (ii is in A minor)
Schubert - Piano Sonata D 625 in F minor (iii is in E major)