Machado de Assis (1839–1908) was a Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright and short-story writer, widely regarded as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature. In 1897, he founded and became the first president of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was multilingual, having taught himself French, English, German and Greek later in life. Machado's work shaped the realist movement in Brazil and the birth of the Brazilian republic made Machado become more critical and an observer of the Brazilian society of his time. Generally considered to be Machado's greatest works are Dom Casmurro (1899), Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner) and Quincas Borba (also known in English as Philosopher or Dog?). In 1893, he published "A Missa do Galo" ("Midnight Mass"), often considered to be the greatest short story in Brazilian literature. This photograph of Machado was taken by the Brazilian photographer Marc Ferrez in 1890.Photograph credit: Marc Ferrez; restored by Adam Cuerden
4. that the Zappas Olympics were a series of four athletic contests held in Athens between 1859 and 1889 and are considered as precursors to the modern Olympic Games?
16. that the Albanian poet Haxhi Shekreti composed the epic Alipashiad in Greek, considering it a more prestigious language in which to praise his master, Ali Pasha of Ioannina?
17. that the capture of the strategic Klisura Pass by the Greek army, in January 1941, was considered a major success by the Allied forces?
24. that poet and author Kostas Krystallis escaped to Greece after being denounced by the Ottoman authorities for writing a patriotic collection of poetry?
26. that the decisive factor for the Greek victory at Bizani (1913) was not numerical superiority, but the solid operational planning that did not allow the Ottoman forces to react?
30. that, during the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, Greek aviator Christos Adamidis landed his Farman MF.7 in the central square of his hometown, Ioannina, as soon as the city had come under Greek control?
32. that the Evangelical School of Smyrna was the most important Greek educational institution in İzmir, Turkey, possessing an archaeological museum, a natural science collection and a library?
34. that the New Academy, an 18th-century higher learning institute and center of Greek culture, in Moscopole, Albania, was nicknamed "the worthiest jewel of the city"?
47. that Grave Circle A(pictured) in Mycenae, Greece, was the burial place of the 16th century BC Mycenaean ruling families?
48. that the Lion Gate(pictured), the main entrance of the Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae in Greece, is the sole surviving monument of Mycenaean sculpture?
62. that the building of the Bangas Gymnasium in Korcë, Albania, was erected with the support of the Lasso, a local community fund aimed at the promotion of Greek education and culture?
68. that although the Greek Orthodox bishop of Korçë, Photios, took initiatives for the promotion of the local education, he was assassinated in 1906 for not supporting Albanian cultural activity?
71. that Eritha, one of the most significant priestesses in MycenaeanPylos in c. 1200 BC, was involved in a dispute over the legal status of her religious holdings?
74. that in the armies of Mycenaean Greece, chariots were initially used as fighting vehicles, but by the 13th century BC their role was probably limited to battlefield transport?
76. that 16th-century Greek noble Manthos Papagiannis repeatedly solicited support from western European leaders for a planned uprising against the Ottoman Empire?
77. that 71 years after the Lyngiades massacre in Greece, President Joachim Gauck was Germany's first official representative to visit the site and express his apologies for the Wehrmacht's atrocities?
81. that in 1608, Greek spy Petros Lantzas devised a plan to assassinate the Ottoman Sultan by placing a present containing explosives in front of him?
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