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Grim Fandango soundtrack
Soundtrack album of Grim Fandango by
Peter McConnell
Released1998 (1998)
RecordedSan Francisco, 1997–1998
GenreBig band, bebop
Length43:37 (stand-alone CD release);
3 hours (in-game soundtrack)
LabelLucasArts
ProducerPeter McConnell

The music for the video game Grim Fandango was composed and produced by Peter McConnell and published by LucasArts in 1998. The soundtrack is a mix of South American folk music, jazz, swing and big band sounds, for the game story filled with adventure and intrigue set in a unique combination of film noir and Mexican folklore's Day of the Dead.[1][2][3][4] The soundtrack garnered critical acclaim and remained subject of positive reviews and inclusion in critics' rankings for the two decades after its first release.[5][6][4][7][8][9][10] The soundtrack was praised both as a stand-alone musical experience,[11][9][4][12] as well as for its outstanding contribution to the overall game experience; capturing the spirit of the game,[6] "gluing" the story together,[10] and becoming "integral" to the success of the game.[13]

A Compact disc (CD) soundtrack was released simultaneously with the game in 1998.[6][14] The soundtrack was remastered and orchestrated, and re-released in 2015.[13][5][4] In 2018, celebrating its 20th anniversary, it was also released in vinyl format.[1]

The score was awarded GameSpot's 1998 "Best PC Music Award".[15] It was also nominated for the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences' "Outstanding Achievement in Sound and Music".[16] Years after its original release, the soundtrack has also been included in lists of all-time best video game soundtracks.[17][18][8][19]

Background and context

[edit]

The game

[edit]
Main article: Grim Fandango

Grim Fandango is a graphic adventure video game directed by Tim Schafer and released by LucasArts in 1998.[2] Set in the Mexican folklore's Land of the Dead and with a strong film noir twist, the story follows Department of Death's travel agent Manny Calavera who acts as a guide for recently departed souls as they travel through the Land of the Dead on their way to their final destinations.[2][20][4] This land, meant to be only a place of passage to the final heavenly destination, has been settled by undeserving souls turning it into a land full of film noir-inspired crime and corruption, and making the travel of many departed souls more difficult and treacherous. The player follows Manny on a mission to save Mercedes "Meche" Colomar, a good soul thrust into and trapped in this corrupted world.[2][1][20][4]

The game is one of the most acclaimed adventure games of all time,[1][4] considered the last great adventure game to be released during the golden age of the adventure game genre.[10] While composer Peter McConnell himself credits the outstanding directorial work of Tim Schafer,[21][22] critics emphasized that one of the key components in the excellence of the game was McConnell's outstanding soundtrack.[10][13][20]

Team and collaborations

[edit]

Tim Schafer, Peter McConnell and other members of the development team had had long and overlapping careers from previous projects at LucasArts.[23] For McConnell, who had joined LucasArts at the urging of Michael Land, another acclaimed composer of LucasArts,[24] that included working on the music of other notable computer games, including Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge (1991), Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis (1992), Sam & Max Hit the Road (1993), Day of the Tentacle (1993), Full Throttle (1995).[25][26][27]

In composing for Grim Fandango, McConnell benefitted from having been a big jazz and film noir fan since his college time.[24] He had his first experience in composing jazz in his work for Monkey Island; a team of composers (Michael Land, Clint Bajakian, and McConnell) split their work by the several islands in which the story of the game was set, and within McConnell's island (named Booty), he experimented with clarinet sounds.[23]

McConnell and Schafer's professional collaboration started with Day of the Tentacle, then continued with Full Throttle (possibly in part due to McConnell having a rock band at the time, which suited the genre of the game). However, it was with Grim Fandango that the relationship between the two became very close and set the stage for numerous subsequent collaborations, with McConnell becoming Schafer's "go-to man".[23] After both of them departed LucasArts, they collaborated on titles including Psychonauts (2005),[21][13] Brütal Legend (2009), and Broken Age (2015).[28][29][30]

Original development

[edit]

Inspiration and influences

[edit]
Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon and The Treasure of Sierra Madre were noir films that inspired the Grim Fandango soundtrack.[13][4][31]

Very early in the process, project leader and writer Tim Schafer handed to McConnell black and white concept art of the characters sketched by Peter Chan,[13][27][6][23] his collection of Humphrey Bogart films, and some vinyl records of a type Mexican folk music called Son, which McConnell described as "very raw, using crude folk instruments"[21] that included hand percussion, violins, and charangos.[21][13][32]

Having Schafer established the mood and tone of the project, McConnell said that aside from the listening material, Schafer did not give him much direction: "In my experience, Tim leads more by inspiring than by directing".[21][27][22]

When years later McConnell was asked how he reacted when he first played the game, he said that "some games just really strike you when you first see the main character in the game environment. You think, 'Wow, this is something really different'. I remember feeling that when I first saw Manny walking around in Rubacava: 'A walking skeleton? Cool! And in this dark wet street like something from a different time, yet colorful and beautiful'".[25]

McConnell also noted how the game's mélange of themes was musically very "potent" as it brought together diverse music styles, including folk, noir jazz, and classic underscore. To him, the whole game felt very inspirational, as dialogue, story, and the puzzles all worked together as an "opera";[22] "one big cohesive flow of music and voice" that made it special to score.[22]

Of the films provided by Schafer, McConnell focussed his attention in The Maltese Falcon, The Big Sleep, Treasure of the Sierra Madre, and Casablanca; The first one scored by Adolph Deutsch and the other three by Max Steiner. He watched them "about a hundred times",[33] and for the latter two being able to get copies of their scores from the Warner Brothers archives.[31][34][21][33][13][23] He also acknowledged the influence of the films Glengarry Glen Ross and The City of Lost Children, the latter a French sci-fi/fantasy movie that informed the oceanic part of the game.[23]

Notes of a charango. McConnell chose to use the charango in the score in part after Tim Schafer's brother had brought one from Mexico. The charango was traditionally made of an Armadillo shell, and which McConnell saw as being acoustically similar to a mandolin, but with an "earthier, more delicate, and haunting sound".[22][35]

One South American record that was influential was a Peruvian-style record by Gustavo Santaolalla titled Ronrocco released at the time, that made heavy use of charangos.[24] It also coincided with Tim Schafer's brother having brought one such instrument from a trip to Mexico.[22][35] All this led to McConnell eventually incorporating the charango as one of the unique sounds of the score, along with the Andean flutes quena and tarka.[22] Despite the strong Latin American influences and themes, McConnell decided to not attempt to compose a particularly ethnic score, but to be "organic" and to "evoke a texture that was real".[22]

Grim came at the perfect time: the swing revival was taking off in those days with bands like Big Bad Voodoo Daddy and Squirrel Nut Zippers, and the Day of the Dead was just entering pop culture. In the Mission District in San Francisco, you could go to a club like Bruno’s and hear hot new swing bands like The Red Hot Skillet Lickers mix original sounds with old standards, then duck around the corner to a taqueria and hear a mariachi band play, and on the Day of the Dead there would be a huge parade at night. Almost every musician in the original Grim Fandango score, from the brass to the mariachi players to the Peruvian flutist, played in or came from the Mission District.[21][13][6][22][23]

– Peter McConnell, 2015

McConnell explained how, since his college days, Duke Ellington had been a "huge influence" for him and kept a headshot in his office studio at LucasArts. For this project, McConnell listened to Ellington's opus copiously.[21][33][13] Finally, for ocean-related music, McConnell read scores of several Debussy works.[33]

Time and place had an important influence as well; McConnell was drawn to and inspired by the vibrant and diverse culture (musical and otherwise) of the San Francisco Mission District, which he called the "crown jewel"[13] of the city that included rock clubs, jazz clubs, taquerias with mariachis bands, and Mexican folklore.[13][6][21][22][23]

Composition process

[edit]

When later interviewed, McConnell noted his satisfaction of being given ample lead time to compose and produce the score;[13] he first began to work on the project in early 1997,[23][36] about a year and a half before the game's release.[37] He developed three types of musical pieces: event-triggered episodes, ambient pieces, and underscoring for cutscenes.[33] Tim Schafer's guidance and the cultures that shaped the game were the basis for the composition.[13]

One special occasion was our hijacking Tim [Schafer] and leading him to the recording studio where a bunch of us improvised on bongos, tin whistles and shakers while he talked through the story and its meaning, like a beatnik poetry reading.[36]

– Clint Bajakian, 2015

In order to create a soundtrack that would follow the story of the game and mesh with the different settings within it, McConnell and his team created a digital interface system of little buttons that represented places in the game as a way to visually represent the score. They then recorded Schafer talking about the game and turned it into little snippets assigned to those plot points. Each point could then be clicked and hear Schafer's explanations of it.[13][22] This was done using LucasArts iMUSE proprietary adaptive music system that McConnell himself had co-created with Michael Land a few years earlier.[36][38]

McConnell would then come up with a theme by humming a tune, record it in a cassette, play it back to Schafer, and eventually replace the plot points narration with those tunes.[13][22] Then they developed a MIDI score to serve as a "mock-up", leading to the recording of the final score that would include live musicians for some parts.[13]

Rather than fully develop each piece one at a time, his approach was to create a short sketch for each situation in the game of about fifteen seconds long and then move on as soon as he felt he had hit the target and gotten the gist of the mood. This allowed him to be more productive, as it was easier and less stressful to later on in the process develop full pieces based on already existing sketches, instead of rushing to develop completely novel compositions from scratch as the completion deadline neared.[33] At his peak rate, he noted that there were weeks during which he composed as much as two minutes of finished music a day, which he considered a "heavy regimen".[33]

McConnell used the limited MIDI composition palette of the time, a couple of EMU E4 samplers (with 128 MB of RAM each), a Roland GMIDI Sound Canvas, and one or two other sound modules.[36]

Themes and recording

[edit]

McConnell went on to compose and produce Grim Fandango's original soundtrack, which combined an orchestral score, South American (Peruvian and[33] Mexican) folk music, swing jazz from the noir era, jazz from other periods, bebop, and big band music.[3][39][40][8][33][6] It also included some elements from traditional Russian, Celtic, Mexican, Spanish, and Indian strings cultures.[41][8] In the original production, the orchestral elements of the score were digitally synthesized due to the common budgetary and technological limitations on gaming audio of the time.[5][4] On the other hand, the jazz parts were recorded live, something uncommon at the time.[23]

Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos) procession in San Francisco in 2006. This procession is part of the Mexican folklore that can be found in the Mission district of San Francisco, and that imbued the spirit of the game and soundtrack.[23]

McConnell understood that the game's atmosphere brought together a noir story that was familiar to the Anglo-American audience, with a Latin culture that may have been less familiar. He developed the jazz score to be most recognizable, taking the culturally specific part (the Latin jazz and the Latin folk music) and weaving it into the score ("taking it for granted rather than pointing it up") with the goal of naturally leading the audience from their comfort zone and then make an "unfamiliar world more familiar".[23]

An example of the rich atmospheric goals of the music is recounted by the French online publication Gameblog, that described the "Mr. Frustration" track as "sometimes bebop, sometimes melancholic, sweet or sensual" and observing that "whether led by a saxophone, a trumpet or a guitar, jazz is the predominant style of the Grim Fandango soundtrack, all reminiscent of the snug atmosphere of casinos and bars between the two world wars".[20] It also described "Lost Souls' Alliance", with its rhythmic arrangement and the use of an Andean flute, as evoking a feel of Hispanic music, with the tremolo baritone guitar reminiscent of the Western: "a little 'rockabilly ballad' that makes us travel instantly to this corner of the planet and to that period, at the beginning of the twentieth century".[20]

More than any other project that I've worked on, it's the most like an opera. The music is so integrated into the story, it's so present in the story, and it is so much part of the shape and direction of the story. [...] You're experiencing the whole story of the game in your imagination.[42]

– Peter McConnell, 2015

Especially given the disparate themes of Grim Fandango, McConnell kept the score cohesive by building it on a "backbone"[33] of classic Max Steiner-style orchestral underscoring.[33][43] The orchestral part was digitally created,[5] as the team did not consider doing live orchestra because at the time "games didn't occupy a place in the culture that could obtain that level of production".[27][44]

To make the digital pieces sound more "organic" and "not quantized" and orchestra-like, McConnell tried to be "very free with the tempo" so even though he was using a sequencer, it would sound like the conductor was watching the sequences of the game during the performance, following the old-school movie scoring methods.[23]

Release

[edit]

The full length of the score within the game was about three hours long,[13] with an approximate 110 pieces.[33] A 43-minute version with 32 tracks was concurrently released in 1998 as a CD album, sold at the LucasArts online company store.[6][14][45]

Critical reception

[edit]

The soundtrack was very well received at its original release, and it continued to receive praise years after, often considered one of the best game soundtracks of all time.[46][11][47][9][48][6][10][4][49]

At its original release, IGN called it a "beautiful soundtrack that you'll find yourself listening to even after you're done with the game".[11] SEMO said "the compositions and performances are so good that listening to this album on a stand-alone basis can make people feel like they're in a bar back then".[47] RPGFan said, "the pieces are beautifully composed, wonderfully played (...). has a stellar soundtrack with music that easily stands alone outside the context of the game. This CD was an absolute pleasure to listen to and comes highly recommended".[9] Game Revolution in its game review praised it as one of the "most memorable soundtracks ever to grace the inside of a cranial cavity where an eardrum used to be".[48] 20 years later ABC noted retrospectively that since the original release of the soundtrack it had been consistently praised;[4] despite the technical limitations imposed on its original production "it was still considered [at the time of its release] a stellar album to listen to, even without the context of the game, which speaks to the composer's tremendous skill and musicality".[4]

Years after the release, the soundtrack continued to receive critical acclaim.[4] Kotaku noted in 2011 that "it remains as killer today as it was when the game launched in 1998".[6] PC Gamer in its 2014 list of Top 100 Games, acclaimed Grim Fandango for including "one of the best soundtracks in PC gaming history".[18] In 2017 Fact magazine also listed it as one of the "100 best video game soundtracks of all time".[8] Kotaku noted that even among other lauded games that were successful in incorporating jazz in their scores to great advantage (EarthBound, The Operative: No One Lives Forever, and L.A. Noire), Grim Fandango's stood apart.[6] Further comparing it with L.A. Noire, Kotaku added that it "doesn't come close to the variety and vivaciousness of McConnell's Grim Fandango score. From the dark, plunger-muted swing of 'Swanky Maximo' to the mellow, guitar-accompanied lobby-trombone of the appropriately named 'Frustration Man', it's simply good, video game-related or no".[6] It further lauded "the epic saxophone of 'She Sailed Away', the chord-less free jazz of 'Blue Casket Bop', or the menacing bari sax/bass clarinet duet of 'Rubacava'"[6] as highlights of an overall outstanding score.[6] Alternative Magazine Online in 2015 noted that upon its original release it "instantly became one of the greatest video game soundtracks of all time" and that the remastered version went even further.[49]

When the game and its soundtrack were remastered and re-released, they also garnered praise. Radio host Emily Reese called the score "amazing",[22] further adding how she really enjoyed how McConnell wrote the various sections of the orchestra: "It seems [McConnell was] able to capitalize on really specific characteristics of the instruments; like you'll have the brass play in a militaristic style, or you'll have the bassoons or baby base clarinets being very mischievous, strings will do something where they are trembling(...)".[22] Fact noted of the game that the game returned twenty years later in a new edition "to the masterpiece-accolades (and sales) it deserved all along. Its remastering kept the soul of the game intact while polishing what needed to be polished: the graphics, animation, controls, and most importantly, the music".[13]

Several critics also noted how the music was a key contribution to enhancing the overall experience of the game.[3][50][12] For example, at the time of the original release Computer Gaming World's review remarked that "a musical score (...) accompanies the art to complete the experience".[3] 20 years later, The Ringer noted that the best example in the game of the blending of cultures was its soundtrack, by combining elements of an orchestral score, with more traditional South American strings, and the jazz and swing music of the film noir era, becoming "commonly celebrated as one of the best video game soundtracks of all time. Great adventure games such as Grim Fandango feature worlds so cohesive and rich with detail that they're transportive for the player and McConnell’s soundtrack is the glue that binds the game's elements".[10] Kotaku noted upon revisiting the game in 2011 how "I was struck by just how much McConnell's soundtrack (...) elevates the basic game".[6] In 2015 Fact magazine noted that "few soundtracks have ever felt more integral to the success of a video game"[13] and that "the game's blend of styles would never have held together so well if it weren't for McConnell's masterful ability to fuse Mexican folk music with Duke Ellington-era big band jazz and noir scores in the spirit of Adolph Deutsch".[13]

Awards and rankings

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Peter McConnell, composer and producer of the Grim Fandango soundtrack. ABC said McConnell's work is "considered a stellar album to listen to, even without the context of the game, which speaks to the composer's tremendous skill and musicality".[4]

In 1999's Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the soundtrack was nominated in the category of "Outstanding Achievement in Sound and Music".[16] It was also lauded by GameSpot, which awarded it the "Best PC Music awards",[15] and included it in the "Ten Best PC Game Soundtracks" list in 1999.[17]

At the time of the original release of Grim Fandango and its soundtrack, few video game music awards existed. Other video game music awards, such as from BAFTA or the Game Audio Network Guild, began to be awarded in the 2000s, and therefore Grim Fandango's soundtrack at the time of its release could not opt to compete for them.[51][52] Since then it has been included in several rankings of best video game music.[21][18][8]

Awards and nominations
Publication or ceremony Award name Result Year Ref.
GameSpot Best PC Music award Won 1998 [15]
Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Outstanding Achievement in Sound and Music Nominated 1998 [16]
Rankings
Publication Ranking name Position Year Ref.
GameSpot Ten Best PC Game Soundtracks Included in top ten 1999 [17]
PC Gamer Top 100 Games Named one of the best soundtracks in PC gaming history 2014 [18]
PC Magazine The 11 Best Game Soundtracks Ever 1st 2014 [19]
Fact 100 best video game soundtracks of all time 43rd 2017 [8]
PC Magazine The 20 Best Video Game Soundtracks Ever Included in top 20 2020 [53]

Remastered soundtrack

[edit]
Grim Fandango Remastered soundtrack
Soundtrack album by
Peter McConnell
Released2015 (MP3), 2018 (vinyl)
VenueMelbourne Symphony Orchestra
StudioPyramind Studios, Sony
GenreBig band, bebop
Length1:00:18 (MP3)
1:15:47[54] (director's cut: MP3, vinyl)
3 hours (in-game soundtrack)
LabelSumthing Else/Disney (MP3); Iam8bit (vinyl)

Background and context

[edit]

McConnell had made the most of the resources he had for the score's original production, which meant devoting more of them where they could make the greatest impact while cutting corners in other areas. Even though, for example, he wished he had been able to find a better-sounding sampled piano, he did not regret not recording an acoustic piano as it would have meant compromising the quality of more important parts given the time and budget constraints.[33] However, he had long wished to revisit the score if the opportunity arose, to fix and enhance the various aspects that had not been viable during the original production. He noted that "Grim's music was a little bit ahead of [its] time",[23] and it suffered because of that.[23] He also lamented that just two years after the release of Grim Fandango, orchestral recording in gaming took off.[23]

The Grim Fandango game had been originally developed and published by LucasArts, which in 2012 was acquired by Disney. In 2013, Disney made the strategic decision to turn LucasArts into a publisher-only of video games, and licensing out its intellectual property. Tim Schafer, who had also long been eager to revisit and re-release the game and make it available to new platforms and to new generations, seized the opportunity and was able to acquire the rights to the game, in partnership with Sony.[55][56]

When in 2013 Schafer offered McConnell the unique opportunity to remaster the soundtrack, McConnell was ready to jump in.[57][13] He believed that while the original jazz music came out well, the orchestral part, done with 1997-era digital samples and a limited budget, did not fully match his vision.[27][44][22][23] He believed that remaking the latter would make the greatest difference: "If you want to do something really great with this score, biggest bang for the buck is going to be to take those orchestral movements and record them live".[23]

With the support of staff (who McConnell called "friends of Grim" by either having worked on the original project or had grown up with it as a favorite game)[27] at Disney Interactive, LucasArts, and Sony Computer Entertainment, Schafer's Double Fine studio worked to remaster the game and re-released it in 2015.[55][58]

Data recovery

[edit]
Jory Prum in his studio in a photograph of 2005. Prum was heavily involved in the retrieval of the original data, as well as doing the orchestral mixing for the remastered soundtrack.

The remastering of the soundtrack started with the retrieval of the original 16-year-old data, in a process dubbed by Polygon as "digital archeology".[55] The music tracks were on archaic DLT backup tapes stored in the LucasArts/Disney archives. Rob Cowles, a marketer at LucasArts was credited for saving the assets while LucasArts was being acquired by Disney in 2012.[55][21][27][58][23] Subsequently, Derek Williams was credited for finding them.[21][27]

My colleague Jory Prum (...) is kind of a tech genius [who worked on recovering the old data]. (...) I'm sitting there biting my nails because we were relying so heavily on that data to really be able to do anything significant with the score. Otherwise we would have just had to remaster the stereo files which would have been a minor tweak at best.[13]

– Peter McConnell, 2015

Once the original tapes were found,[21][13][23] the next challenge was to retrieve the data from within them.[21] McConnell remarked how their retrieval was a technical feat requiring specialized hardware and expertise[13] Jory Prum (who then did the sound mixing for the orchestral pieces) spent two months recovering the data,[13] with the use of DLT drive, an old Mac with a SCSI drive, and an old piece of software called Retrospect Remote.[21][27] The fact that McConnell was able to open a Pro Tools session from 1997 on a new version of Pro Tools also proved key in being able to use the files.[13] Except for the anecdotal disappearance of two cymbal hits, this process succeeded in recovering all the data of the three-hour score.[13][27] McConnell called this recovery process "a chain of miracles" since "if any of the links had not held up, we would have had very little to work with at all".[27] McConnell further gratefully credited the retrieval success to numerous people who were devoted fans of the game, calling it a "labor of love".[13]

Improvements and re-recording

[edit]

Just like with the original game development, project lead Tim Schafer had very little input into the soundtrack's re-mastering, except that "he was very supportive of the effort to make the music the highest quality possible".[21]

Given the unique opportunity to re-visit a project first developed 17 years earlier in his career, McConnell was asked how different would the soundtrack be if he had developed it from scratch at the time of remastering. McConnell noted that if he were to start from scratch he would have taken the exact same approach, with the exception of the "crazy tempo"[21] changes that he had never thought a real orchestra would have to perform;[21][4] some parts were originally played live into a sequencer without regard for bar lines and retrospectively he would have taken a different approach.[21][4] He also noted that there had been a small number of things that had long "bugged"[21] him from the original release ("the occasional klunker, or ham-fisted move")[21] that he finally got the chance to fix them. Ultimately, overall, "the pleasant surprise in the process was how well much of the original material held up".[21]

External video
video icon Grim Fandango Remastered: "The Resurrection of Sound" with composer Peter McConnell Official making-of documentary of the remastered soundtrack (8:20 minutes)

To stay within the budget, McConnell felt he had to choose carefully which pieces would get the most attention and how.[27] After the original Pro Tools project files were recovered, he found that some of the digital samples he had used originally did not sound good, and the team opted to re-mix, re-sample, add additional tracks,[57] and re-orchestrate different parts of the score.[55][21][57][59][4]

These tasks were assigned to three teams: an audio team at Sony recorded live tracks and remixed 45 minutes of jazz tunes[21][58] (which included a few new live parts and some new solos);[27] another team at Pyramind Studios in San Francisco replaced old samples with better sounds in another 45 minutes of music and re-mixed all of the cut scenes in six languages;[21] and finally the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO) recorded about 30 minutes of orchestral music.[4][21][60][23]

Melbourne Symphony Orchestra

[edit]
Picture of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. The orchestral part of the original soundtrack was digitally synthesized. One of the major improvements in the re-mastered release of 2015 was the recording of the orchestral parts by the Melbourne symphony orchestra.[4]

The involvement of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO) in the orchestration of the Grim Fandango soundtrack grew out of several prior collaborations that McConnell had had with the orchestra. The connection first happened when Special Projects Manager of the orchestra Andrew Pogson reached out to McConnell in early 2013 to do a pops concert performance of Grim Fandango. At the time, McConnell had been working on the soundtrack for Broken Age, a new adventure game by Tim Schafer.[21][22] Pogson, having been a financial backer for Broken Age, pushed to have MSO record that score, making it the first time for the MSO to be involved in such a project. After that collaboration coming to fruition, working together in orchestrating Grim Fandango became "the next logical step"[21] and it felt "like working with old friends".[27][21] McConnell praised MSO, for their outstanding level of musicianship and focus and care; how they worked well together and reinforced yet again his notion from his early days in LucasArts that having a great team was of the highest value.[21]

During the original production of the score, McConnell had never imaged that it would one day be re-recorded with a live orchestra. That meant that his composition was unconstrained by considerations of flow and changes of tempo that a real orchestra would have to contend with.[22][23] Rather, in order to make it sound more lively during the original digital production, McConnell had intentionally incorporated many tempo changes.[23] While it would have been possible to do live recordings of full songs with big tempo changes, it would have required an intensive rehearsal, meaning more time and costs. So when the opportunity came to re-record with the MSO, McConnell tried to save time by planning the recording by breaking cues into smaller segments,[22] recording those one at a time, and then put them back together like a puzzle.[22]

Pyramind studios

[edit]

Pyramind studios composers Clint Bajakian and Jeremy Garren imported McConnell's original audio mixes into Cubase 7 along with MIDI tracks that were assigned to modern sample libraries residing on two slave PCs running Vienna Ensemble Pro loaded with leading sample libraries. Bajakian also added live classical guitar parts that were not covered in 1998 using the same instrument he played back then. The team faced the challenge to adjust MIDI parameters to maximize realism and sonic quality while preserving McConnell's original artistic intent.[36]

To accomplish this, Garren noted that "this meant focused attention to mixing, EQ'ing, and programming articulation data on an individual instrument basis to bring each phrase and gesture in line with Pete's original intentions. It meant a constant back and forth with the original music and imagining, 'What should this sound like today?'"[36] and Bajakian added: "For us to do this right, we had to also wrap our minds around the 'extra-musical' content of the music – the concepts, the references, the puns – the ideas that interact like characters in a play".[36]

Outcome

[edit]

McConnell noted that the one element that he and his team did not get "so perfectly" in the original release was the film noir orchestral part and that that was what they were "really able to do in a big way" with the remastering work. He also noted that between the remixes and the live symphony "it turned out to be the score the way it was always meant to be heard",[13] also adding that "I have to say I'm glad I took extra care on the themes because I feel they were really able to blossom in the new live recordings".[57]

McConnell estimated that he put in himself about 800 hours into the remastering project, in arranging, sample replacement, preparing for orchestration, mixing, and reviewing the music, resulting in over 2 hours of music that was completely overhauled, in addition to the 45 minutes of music the team had already recorded live in the original version.[21][22] The outcome was described by McConnell as a score that had been "re-arranged, re-voiced, re-orchestrated, re-recorded, re-mixed, re-mastered and – most of all – retrieved"[27][23] (and in a couple of key spots, even "re-composed").[36]

The stand-alone remastered soundtrack was released concurrently with the remastered game in 2015 (17 years after the original release). The soundtrack was distributed under Nile Rodgers' label Sumthing Else.[7][54] In 2018, to celebrate the 20th anniversary, the remastered soundtrack was released in vinyl.[1][61][62]

Track listings

[edit]
Grim Fandango Original Game Soundtrack: Big Band, Bebop and Bones – 1998[14][6][9]
No.TitleLength
1."Casino Calavera"1:06
2."Swanky Maximino"2:16
3."Smooth Hector"2:01
4."Mr. Frustration Man"2:20
5."Hector Steps Out"0:56
6."Hi-Tone Fandango"1:23
7."She Sailed Away"0:23
8."High Roller"1:43
9."Domino's in Charge"1:02
10."Trouble with Carla"1:08
11."Blue Casket Bop"1:10
12."Manny's Office"1:15
13."Rubacava"1:08
14."Blue Hector"1:59
15."This Elevator is Slow"1:03
16."Domino"1:08
17."Don Copal"1:00
18."Neon Ledge"1:07
19."Nuevo Marrow"1:28
20."Gambling Glottis"2:11
21."Raoul Appears"0:19
22."Scrimshaw"0:54
23."Talking Limbo"0:54
24."Coaxing Meche"1:09
25."Lost Souls' Alliance"2:14
26."Los Angelitos"1:00
27."The Enlightened Florist"1:25
28."Temple Gate"1:44
29."Ninth Heaven"1:18
30."Compañeros"1:08
31."Manny & Meche"2:17
32."Bone Wagon"1:28
Total length:43:37


Grim Fandango Remastered - Soundtrack – May 5, 2015[63][64]
No.TitleLength
1."Grim Fandango"2:07
2."Intro"3:06
3."On the Roof"1:13
4."Mr. Frustration Man"2:17
5."Brennis"1:04
6."Ledge Peckers"1:35
7."Domino's Office"1:07
8."Companeros"1:07
9."Lost Souls' Alliance"2:10
10."Casino Calavera"2:15
11."Swanky Maximino"2:17
12."Smooth Hector"1:56
13."She Sailed Away"0:24
14."Hi-Tone Fandango"1:21
15."High Roller"1:43
16."By the Lighthouse"1:13
17."Farewell Lola"1:12
18."Hector Steps Out"1:04
19."Gambling Glottis"2:09
20."Trouble with Carla"1:07
21."Blue Hector"1:58
22."Blue Casket Bop"1:08
23."Rubacava"1:07
24."Shanghai'd"0:59
25."The Lola Zapata"1:04
26."Sunken Lola"1:11
27."Miner's Room and Factory Hub"2:03
28."Lamancha Sub - Crushed"3:17
29."Temple Gate"1:43
30."Mayan Train Station"1:32
31."9th Heaven"1:18
32."Nuevo Marrow"1:30
33."The Enlightened Florist"1:24
34."Meadow Flowers"1:38
35."ByeBye"2:15
36."Manny & Meche"2:16
37."Bone Wagon"1:28
Total length:60:18
Grim Fandango Remastered Original Soundtrack Director's Cut – May 5, 2015 (bonus tracks)[54][5]
No.TitleLength
38."Manny's Office"1:15
39."Copal's Office"0:59
40."In The Lobby"1:11
41."Lost Souls Alliance - Alt Solo"2:10
42."Lost In The Petrified Forest"1:18
43."This Elevator Is Slow"1:02
44."Blue Casket Bop - Alt Solo"1:08
45."Raoul Appears"0:18
46."Scrimshaw"0:54
47."Talking Limbo"0:54
48."Domino's In Charge"1:02
49."Los Angelitos"1:00
50."Coaxing Meche"1:09
51."Neon Ledge"1:09
Total length:16:29


Grim Fandango 2xLP Vinyl Soundtrack – 2019[65][66]
No.TitleLength
1."A1 Grim Fandango"4:46
2."A2 Intro"0:31
3."A3 On The Roof"1:12
4."A4 Mr. Frustration"2:17
5."A5 Brennis"1:06
6."A6 Ledge Peckers"1:37
7."A7 Domino's Office"1:09
8."A8 Compañeros"1:06
9."A9 Lost Souls Alliance"2:12
10."A10 Casino Calavera"2:15
11."A11 Swanky Maximino"2:22
12."B1 Smooth Hector"1:58
13."B2 She Sailed Away"0:22
14."B3 Hi-Tone Fandango"1:22
15."B4 High Roller"1:43
16."B5 By the Lighthouse"1:12
17."B6 Farewell Lola"1:13
18."B7 Hector Steps Out"1:07
19."B8 Gambling Glottis"2:11
20."B9 Trouble With Carla"1:09
21."B10 Blue Hector"1:58
22."B11 Blue Casket Bop"1:10
23."B12 Rubacava"1:09
24."B13 Shanghai'd"1:09
25."B14 The Lola Zapata"1:05
26."B15 Sunken Lola"1:09
27."C1 Miner's Room And Factory Hub"2:04
28."C2 Lamancha Sub - Crushed"3:18
29."C3 Temple Gate"1:44
30."C4 Mayan Train Station"1:33
31."C5 9th Heaven"1:17
32."C6 Huevo Marrow"1:31
33."C7 The Enlightened Florist"1:25
34."C8 Meadow Flowers"1:37
35."C9 ByeBye"2:16
36."C10 Manny & Meche"2:17
37."C11 Bone Wagon"1:31
38."D1 Manny's Office"1:16
39."D2 Copal's Office"1:00
40."D3 In The Lobby"1:11
41."D4 Lost Souls Alliance - Alt Solo"2:11
42."D5 Lost In The Petrified Forest"1:19
43."D6 This Elevator Is Slow"1:03
44."D7 Blue Casket Bop - Alt Solo"1:11
45."D8 Raoul Appears"0:19
46."D9 Scrimshaw"0:56
47."D10 Talking Limbo"0:55
48."D11 Domino's In Charge"1:05
49."D12 Los Angelitos"1:01
50."D13 Coaxing Meche"1:10
51."D14 Neon Ledge"1:09
Total length:76:47

Releases

[edit]

The first stand-alone release of the soundtrack was in a CD in 1998. It contained 32 tracks totalling 43 minutes from the about 3 hours of the full length of the game score.[14][6][9][13] An extended version of 128 tracks was later available online.[67] 17 years later, in 2015, the remastered soundtrack was released. It was produced under Nile Rodgers' label Sumthing Else.[7][54] It had a standard release of 37 tracks, as well as a Director's Cut with 14 extra tracks (the latter sold exclusively through Sumthing Else).[5][54] It included the original score from the LucasArts archives, new compositions by Peter McConnell and new orchestral arrangements, as well as new extended versions of jazz pieces re-mixed at Sony Computer Entertainment America.[7][5][58][68] In 2018, celebrating the 20th anniversary of the original release of the game, the soundtrack was released for the first time in vinyl format.[1][61][62] It included all the songs of the 2015-release of the Director's Cut.[66] In 2023, celebrating the 25th anniversary, the vinyl records were re-released.[69][70]

Main albums

Name Date Label Format Catalog Notes Reference
Grim Fandango Original Game Soundtrack: Big Band, Bebop and Bones 1998 LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC CD 1097929 CD originally sold exclusively in the United States' LucasArts online store. Later released for free as MP3. [14][6][71][45]
Grim Fandango Remastered - Soundtrack May 5, 2015 Sumthing Else Music Works, Disney MP3 SE-3139-2[72] [54][7][5]
Grim Fandango Remastered Original Soundtrack Director's Cut May 5, 2015 Sumthing Else Music Works MP3 Sold exclusively through Sumthing Else website. The site closed in 2019. [54][73]
Grim Fandango 2xLP Vinyl Soundtrack 2019, 2023 iam8bit, Double Fine Productions Double LP 8BIT8098 20th & 25th anniversary release; Director's cut of the remastered soundtrack, in vinyl format. [61][62][74][66][69]

Compilations

Name Date Label Format Catalog Notes Reference
The Best Of LucasArts Original Soundtracks 2002 LucasArts CD 8127927 LucasArts 20th anniversary compilation of original game soundtracks, including excerpts from The Dig, Outlaws, Grim Fandango, and the Monkey Island series. This release won the 2003 "Best Original Soundtrack Album" award from the Game Audio Network Guild. [75][76][77][78][79][80]
Level 5 - Video Games Live August 15, 2016 Mystical Stone Entertainment, LLC; Video Games Live MP3, CD Compilation of video game soundtracks, from concerts organized by Video Games Live, and performed by the City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra. Includes one song from Grim Fandango. [81][82][83]
Gaming in Symphony June 14, 2019 EuroArts MP3, LP 2067701 Concert performed by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra with the Danish National Concert Choir and various soloists, conducted by Eímear Noone. Includes Grim Fandango's main theme song, among music from other computer games. [84][85]

Live performances

[edit]

In 2013 McConnell collaborated with Melbourne Symphony Orchestra to do a pops concert performance of Grim Fandango.[21] Around 2015 McConnell prepared a suite of music for performance by the Queensland Symphony Orchestra.[57] Celebrating its 20th anniversary, a live performance of script-reading with live music was performed at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2018.[10][86] Later the same year, an evening gala was organized in tribute of the soundtrack during the inaugural edition of the Game Music Festival in the National Forum of Music of Poland. Parts of the score was performed live, with 100 pages of musical arrangements prepared by Bartosz Pernal in cooperation with McConnell, who attended and performed in the event.[87][88][89][90][91] Grim Fandango's main theme song was one of the pieces performed by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra and subsequently included in the album Gaming in Symphony.[92][84][85] In 2023, to celebrate its 25th anniversary, Peter McConnell and a band performed several tunes of the soundtrack at the Cafe Du Nord in San Francisco.[93] In 2024 the Manny and Meche song was included in a Game Developers Conference's concert that showcased notable game scores throughout history.[94][95] The concert was directed by composer Austin Wintory,[94] was performed by the San Francisco Conservatory of Music,[94] and it also included Peter McConnell's participation.[95]

Legacy

[edit]

Grim Fandango's soundtrack is considered a classic,[96] receiving critical acclaim in its original release of 1998,[11][9][17][15][16] and remaining a critics' favorite in ensuing years, including 17 years later in its remastered re-release in 2015. Its ability to "glue"[10] together the game's elements and "elevate"[6] it is seen as one of the high points of the video game music genre.[10][6][20][13][50]

The Grim Fandango score remained decades later one of McConnell's most famous scores (with "Mr. Frustration Man" or "Swanky Maximino" being some of his favorite pieces because of the solo performances[24]).[23] For McConnell personally, he saw this as a special project in his musical career, calling Grim Fandango "almost like an opera" for how integrated the music was with the story.[57][22] The project cemented a close working relationship between Schafer and McConnell that continued for decades after their work together at LucasArts.[23][12]

The fact that the soundtrack had stood the test of time, was attributed by McConnell to a combination of "story and the world are so rich and potent, and deal with timeless themes on a level rarely attained in a game", the rich musical heritage of film noir scores and freedom of jazz, the talent of the musicians inspired by the musical effervescence of San Francisco's mission district.[6][27] While the video game soundtracks are meant to be created in support of the larger goal of an integrated interactive experience of dialogue, graphics, story, and sound, Grim Fandango's soundtrack also stands on its own, with critics noting that it can be appreciated independently of the game it was created for.[11][9][20] The music was also performed for live audiences.[21][57][10][86][87][88]

The soundtrack is also notable for being one of the best examples of early adaptive music systems.[97][98][25] With McConnell having created tracks for almost every location and character in Grim Fandango,[41][13] these were weaved into a continuous sequence of music, seamlessly transitioning to different pieces as the player progressed through the game,[97][38] making it the most cinematic soundtrack of any LucasArts game.[34] This was accomplished with the use of the pioneering iMUSE software, previously created by McConnell and Michael Land, and it heralded the age of dynamic and cinematic music experiences in video games.[97][38][34][98]

Personnel

[edit]

McConnell dubbed the Grim Fandango score as "the mission district score",[22] as virtually all the performers and a lot of the inspiration came from it.[21][13][6][22][23]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c The official credits from the original CD cover and from the game's original release manual and end credits only list the personnel in the production team and not the performers.[14][99] In subsequent interviews, McConnell credited several performers including Bill Ortiz, Derek Jones (bass), Ralph Carney, Hunt Christian (cello),[23] Red Hot Skillet Lickers band (horns and reeds),[22] a mariachi band, and a Peruvian flutist.[21] When the remastered game and soundtrack were released, their credits included a more comprehensive list of the original performers.[100][68][66] Those credits are included here within original release section. Additional credits, specific to the later release are included in the remastered soundtrack section. In 2021 Double Fine published in its website a slightly expanded list of credits, also included here.[35] Several publications point to additional performers (such as the aforementioned mariachi band)[21][20] who remain uncredited by name.
  2. ^ The Grim Fandango Remastered credits included a line in memory of van Wageningen: "In memoriam – Paul van Wageningen (1955-2012)"[35][100]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Thomas, Sean (November 1, 2018). "'Grim Fandango Remastered' Celebrates Nintendo Switch Launch with Vinyl". Archived from the original on November 2, 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-10. As a bonus to loyal fans, Double Fine Productions announced a 20th Anniversary Grim Fandango Remastered physical edition for PS4, along with Peter McConnell's Remastered Soundtrack on Vinyl. Both items can be pre-ordered here at store.iam8bit.com in collaboration with premium collectibles company, iam8bit.
  2. ^ a b c d Vincent, Brittany (November 1, 2018). "'Grim Fandango Remastered' Available on Switch, PS4 Physical Edition Pre-Orders Open". Variety. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Nguyen, Thierry (February 1999). "Review - Grimd Fandango: Grateful Dead". Computer Gaming World. No. 175. Ziff Davis. pp. 206–207. A musical score that is a good mix of swing, bebop, jazz, and spiritual South American fold music accompanies the art to complete the experience.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Game Show: Grim Fandango". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019. The soundtrack continues to be consistently praised for how composer Peter McConnell seamlessly blends Mexicana, jazz, and a Casablanca-inspired orchestral performance. The orchestra in the soundtrack was originally fully digital, due to the technological limitations on gaming audio at the time. It was still considered a stellar album to listen to, even without the context of the game, which speaks to the composer's tremendous skill and musicality.
    As with many games that are considered classics of the medium, Grim Fandango was remastered and rereleased in 2015. With limited technology no longer a barrier, McConnell took the opportunity to bring live performance to the orchestral elements of the soundtrack, collaborating with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra and breathing a new spirit into a beloved classic.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Meer, Alec (April 24, 2015). "Play It Again, Manny: Grim Fandango Remastered OST". Rock Paper Shotgun. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Hamilton, Kirk (August 3, 2011). "The Video Game That Got Jazz so, so Right". Kotaku. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Peter McConnell's classic Grim Fandango soundtrack reissued by Nile Rodgers' Sumthing Else". FΛCT. United Kingdom. May 5, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Stabler, Brad; Twells, John; Bowe, Miles; Wilson, Scott; Lea, Tom (April 28, 2015). "The 100 best video game soundtracks of all time". United Kingdom: FΛCT. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2019. Grim Fandango's 'Día de Muertos-noir' works because every part of the equation is given respect and attention. It's an absurd combination, sure, but never a simple one, and often it's McConnell's score, influenced equally by Spanish folk music, big band jazz, and iconic noir soundtracks, which added that essential weight. He helped us laugh at the initial premise of Grim Reapers essentially being dull travel agents, but more so — from Lola's death to Manny's showdown with Domino to the entire Casablanca-inspired centerpiece — it made us really care about this world and these (literal) lost souls.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Chandran, Neal. "Grim Fandango OGS". RPGFan. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j James, Matt (October 10, 2018). "'Grim Fandango' at 20: The Year the Grim Reaper Came for Adventure Games". The Ringer. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. The blending of cultures in Grim Fandango is best exemplified by the game's original soundtrack, which blends the jazz and swing music of the film noir era with more traditional South American strings as well as an orchestral score. Composed by LucasArts' own Peter McConnell, Grim Fandango's soundtrack is commonly celebrated as one of the best video game soundtracks of all time. Great adventure games such as Grim Fandango feature worlds so cohesive and rich with detail that they're transportive for the player, and McConnell's soundtrack is the glue that binds the game's elements.(...) So revered are the sounds of Grim Fandango, that a script reading/concert was held at this year's E3 to celebrate the game's 20-year anniversary. Composer Peter McConnell played selections from the soundtrack and the original voice actors—with the added support of superfan Jack Black—took the stage to reprise their roles.
  11. ^ a b c d e Ward, Trent C. (November 3, 1998). "Grim Fandango – LucasArts flexes their storytelling muscle in this near-perfect adventure game (1998 article)". IGN Entertainment, Inc. Archived from the original on April 13, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013. LucasArts has put together a film class soundtrack that uses a blend of simple jazz and classical Mexican themes to add depth to the atmosphere of an already fantastic title. Not only is the soundtrack not annoying, but once again it is used to reinforce the emotions delivered in various sequences of the game.
    IGN Ratings for Grim Fandango (PC): Sound: 10[/10]: Beautiful soundtrack that you'll find yourself listening to even after you're done with the game.
  12. ^ a b c "Behind the Scenes: Grim Fandango". Retro. 3. Image Publishing Ltd: 79. May 5, 2017. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. One of the most important facets of the Grim experience, other than the glorious concept artwork, was the music. Seamlessly shifting from bossa nova to burlesque jazz, the Grim soundtrack is both highly unusual in videogames and perfectly suited to the game in question. Every track was composed or co-ordinated by Peter McConnell, Schafer's long-time musical collaborator, and is worth an extended play
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Bowe, Miles (June 21, 2015). "When Mexican folk music danced with film noir: FACT meets Peter McConnell, the composer behind Grim Fandango". Fact. The Vinyl Factory. Archived from the original on 2019-07-13.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j McConnell, Peter (1998). Grim Fandango Original Game Soundtrack (CD). LucasArts. 1097929. Archived from the original on 2016-03-18.
  15. ^ a b c d "Best and Worst of 1998: Special Achievement Awards". GameSpot. 1999. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  16. ^ a b c d "2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards". Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. 1999. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
  17. ^ a b c d "The Ten Best Game Soundtracks". GameSpot. 2000. Archived from the original on December 6, 2000. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  18. ^ a b c d Warr, Philippa; Senior, Tom; Kelly, Andy (Aug 29, 2014). "The PC Gamer Top 100 - 21. Grim Fandango". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014. one of the best soundtracks in PC gaming history.
  19. ^ a b Jensen, K. Thor (December 12, 2014). "The 11 Best Game Soundtracks Ever - Game soundtracks have evolved dramatically over the last few decades. Here are our favorites". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h "La B.O de Grim Fandango: Jeux vidéo, jazz et mariachis" [The Original Soundtrack of Grim Fandango: videogame, jazz and mariachis]. Gameblog (in French). November 15, 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Savery, Richard (February 23, 2015). "Peter McConnell talks Grim Fandango Remastered". Game Audio Network Guild (G.A.N.G.). Archived from the original on July 13, 2019.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Nora Huxtable (February 5, 2015). "Top Score: Composer Peter McConnell, 'Grim Fandango'". Minnesota Public Radio (Podcast). Archived from the original on 2019-07-13. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Minotti, Mike (February 9, 2015). "Grim Fandango's composer on the invention and remastering of his classic score (page 1)". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019.
  24. ^ a b c d Mulrooney, Marty (February 1, 2012). "INTERVIEW – In Conversation With Peter McConnell (Video Game Music Composer)". Alternative Magazine Online. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019.
  25. ^ a b c McConnell, Peter (February 28, 2013). "Peter McConnell On 'Sly Cooper', 'Grim Fandango', And The Future of Games". Uproxx (Interview). Interviewed by Dan Seitz. Warner Music Group. Archived from the original on March 27, 2013.
  26. ^ Luc Gilbertz (27 October 2003). "Interview with Peter McConnell". iMuse Island. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Mulrooney, Marty (March 31, 2015). "INTERVIEW – In Conversation With Peter McConnell (Video Game Composer and Musician, Grim Fandango Remastered)". Alternative Magazine Online. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019.
  28. ^ Reese, Emily (February 13, 2014). "Peter McConnell and Broken Age on Top Score". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  29. ^ Sarkar, Samit (2014-01-17). "Psychonauts, Grim Fandango composer wrote Broken Age score". Polygon. Archived from the original on 2014-07-16. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  30. ^ Cork, James (2016-08-26). "Iam8bit Releasing Limited-Edition Psychonauts, Broken Age Vinyl At PAX". Game Informer. Archived from the original on 2016-08-29. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
  31. ^ a b Rötter, Günther (August 2, 2017). Handbuch Funktionale Musik: Psychologie – Technik – Anwendungsgebiete [Manual Functional Music: Psychology - Technology - Application Areas] (in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 402. ISBN 9783658102197. Videospeilmusik teilweise einen Subtext transportiert, zu dessen Verständnis Wissen im Bereich der Musikgeschichte und der Filmmusik notwendig ist. Beispielhaft erwähnt er idiomatische Anspielungen auf Casablanca, Der dritte Mann un das Western-Genre im Speil Grim Fandango. [Strank notes that video game music sometimes carries a subtext that requires knowledge in the field of music history and film music. As an example, he mentions idiomatic allusions to Casablanca, The Third Man and the Western Genre in the game Grim Fandango.]
  32. ^ "20 años de Grim Fandango: ocho inspiraciones con las que Tim Schafer creó el mundo de Manny Calavera" [20 years of Grim Fandango: eight inspirations with which Tim Schafer created the world of Many Calavera]. vidaextra.com (in Spanish). November 12, 2018. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019. La exquisita y muy reconocible B.S.O. de Grim fandango se debe al talento de Peter McConnell, quien reconoce que su máxima influencia a la hora de componer fue la Antología del Son de México publicada en 1985 [The exquisite and very recognizable original soundtrack of Grim Fandango is due to the talent of Peter McConnlee, who acknowledges that his top influence at the time of composing was the Anthology of the Son of Mexico, published in 1985]
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m McConnell, Peter (September 1999). "Dance of the Dead: The Adventures of a Composer Creating the Game Music for Grim Fandango". Electronic Musician. 15 (9). New York: NewBay Media, LLC: 30–32, 35–36, 38–40, 42. ISSN 0884-4720. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  34. ^ a b c Moormann, Peter (August 11, 2012). Music and Game: Perspectives on a Popular Alliance. Springer VS. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-3531174099.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Grim Fandango Remastered – Credits". Double Fine. 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-10-18.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Pyramind Studios Contributes to Double Fine's Grim Fandango Remastered". Pyramind Studios. February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  37. ^ Evenson, Laura (October 27, 1998). "Fleshing Out an Idea". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
  38. ^ a b c Sweet, Michael (October 2, 2014). Writing Interactive Music for Video Games: A Composer's Guide. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 99. ISBN 978-0321961587. Frustrated with the state of music in games at the time, two composers at LucasArts Peter MccConnell and Michal Land created one of the first adaptive music systems, called iMuse. iMuse (Interactive MUsic Streaming Engine) let composers insert branch and loop markers into a sequence that would allow the music to change based on the decisions of the player. The iMuse engine was one [of] the first significant contributions to interactive music for video games. Its importance in shaping many of the techniques that you see in video games today cannot be overemphasized. (...) Other excellent iMuse titles includes Grim Fandango (1998), which features an indescribable jazz-based soundtrack composed by Peter McConnell. (...)
  39. ^ CGW staff (February 2001). "Welcome to the Cooperstown of Computer Games - Hall of Fame - Inductions: Grim Fandango, Half-Life". Computer Gaming World. No. 199. Ziff Davis. pp. 62–63. Its music is a never-heard-before eclectic blend of Big Band and Mariachi. (...) excellent (...) music
  40. ^ Grosso, Robert (February 5, 2015). "Gaming Obscura: Grim Fandango". TechRaptor. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016. Grim Fandango is the last great adventure game classic. It showcased all the best traits of what an adventure game can be, right down the littlest details and the jazzy 1940's era soundtrack.
  41. ^ a b Lubienski, Stefan (September 1, 2008). "Grim Fandango". Adventure Classic Gaming. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2013. The soundtrack in Grim Fandango is among the best I have heard in a game. It deserves a separate kudos of its own. Composed by Peter McConnell (who has also composed the soundtracks for The Curse of Monkey Island and Psychonauts), the music consists of mainly jazz, bebop, and blues, with various influences from traditional Russian, Celtic, Mexican, Spanish, and Indian strings culture. What makes the soundtrack so great is that there is a different track for almost every location, or if not, for each character in the game.
  42. ^ Peter McConnell (2015). Grim Fandango Remastered: The Resurrection of Sound with composer Peter McConnell (YouTube Video). Double Fine Productions. Event occurs at 7:32.
  43. ^ Wood, Simon (October 27, 2014). "7. Video Game Music - High Scores: Making Sense of Music and Video Games" (PDF). In Harper, Graeme; Doughty, Ruth; Eisentraut, Jochen (eds.). Sound and Music in Film and Visual Media: A Critical Overview. Bloomsbury Continuum. p. 130. ISBN 978-0826458247. OCLC 631835028. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-28. Peter McConnell states that when composing the music for the film-noir influenced Grim Fandango (Lucas Arts, 1997) he 'kept the score cohesive by building it on a backbone of classic Max Steiner-style orchestral underscoring [such as] Casablanca, and The Big Sleep'
  44. ^ a b Birnbaum, Ian (August 31, 2014). "Grim Fandango remaster will feature live orchestra soundtrack, original art assets". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019. The music is also being redone by Peter McConnell, the composer of the original soundtrack. Though Grim Fandango featured a lot of live swing music, but the game's less-famous orchestral score was synthesized. For the remaster, that will be changing: "We never really conceived of the possibility that the orchestral tracks might be done by a live orchestra", McConnell said. "But I'm happy to say that we're going to be able to do a lot of those tracks with a live orchestra".
  45. ^ a b "LucasArts Company Store - Original Classics - Grim Fandango Original Game Soundtrack". LucasArts.com. LucasArts. 2000. Archived from the original on November 19, 2000. A Company Store Exclusive - The Grim Fandango Original Game Soundtrack, "The Epic Tale of Crime and Corruption in the Land of the Dead", comes to life in this lush original score featuring Swing-era jazz, bebop and a few surprises. Featuring 32 tracks and over forty minutes of listening pleasure.
  46. ^ "Lo importante es lo que va por dentro... los huesos" [The importance is what is inside... the bones]. MeriStation (in Spanish). January 26, 2015. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. La banda sonora es muy buena, de lo mejorcito que hay en aventuras. Crea el ambiente perfecto y te mete en la acción. (...) y, sobre todo, toda ella está centrada en música mejicana y andina. Con las clásicas guitarras de mariachi y con las melodiosas flautas andinas. [The soundtrack es very good, of the best that can be found in adventure [games]. It created the perfect atmosphere and makes you dive into the action (...) and, above all, all of it revolves around Mexican and Andean music. With the classic mariachi guitard, and the melodic Andean flutes.]
  47. ^ a b "Grim Fandango Original Game Soundtrack :: Review by Chris". Square Enix Music Online. Archived from the original on December 26, 2010. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  48. ^ a b Manny (1998). "Dang! I Left My Heart In The Land Of The Living!". Game Revolution. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2008. Grim Fandango has one of the best, most thematic (Swing-Era Bebop and Jazz, Mexican folk, and others), and most memorable soundtracks ever (...)
  49. ^ a b Mulrooney, Martin (February 17, 2015). "GAME REVIEW – Grim Fandango Remastered (PlayStation 4)". Alternative Magazine Online. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019. Peter McConnell's accompanying soundtrack of 'South American folk music, jazz, swing and big band' instantly became one of the greatest video game soundtracks of all time upon release and the remastered version goes one step further, with many of the songs now fully orchestrated by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra – Grim Fandango has never sounded better.
  50. ^ a b von Borries, Friedrich; P. Walz, Steffen; Böttger, Matthias (October 23, 2007). Space Time Play: Computer Games, Architecture and Urbanism: The Next Level. Birkhäuser Architecture. p. 196. ISBN 978-3764384142. The unique visual style of the game, blending Mexican folklore, film noir and art deco, is one of its most outstanding features. And the slightly macabre mood of the game is further enhanced by its excellent soundtrack, made up of smooth jazz and Mexican music
  51. ^ GamesIndustry International (February 26, 2004). "Vice City sweeps BAFTA Games Awards". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2019. (...) BAFTA awards at last night's inaugural BAFTA Games Awards ceremony in London
  52. ^ Marks, Aaron (March 13, 2003). "Game Audio: A GDC 2003 Wrap-Up". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2019. The Game Audio Network Guild took the place by storm with the first-annual G.A.N.G. Awards ceremony
  53. ^ Jensen, K. Thor; Cohen, Jason (April 23, 2021). "The 20 Best Video Game Soundtracks Ever - When we talk about how effective a game is at what it's trying to do, music often plays a key role. Here are our picks for the best video game soundtracks". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27. A major contributor to Grim Fandango's place in the canon is the swinging jazz score by Peter McConnell. The tracks incorporate traditional noir-style arrangements with Mexican flourishes and even klezmer.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g "Grim Fandango Remastered (Director's Cut)". Sumthing else. 2015. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  55. ^ a b c d e f Tach, Dave (January 27, 2015). "Digital Archeology: How Double Fine, Disney, Lucasarts and Sony Resurrected Grim Fandango". Polygon. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  56. ^ Nunnely, Stephany (June 9, 2014). "Grim Fandango remastered coming to PlayStation". VG247. Archived from the original on June 14, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g McConnell, Peter (January 17, 2015). "The Score: Grim Fandango composer Peter McConnell". Gamereactor (Interview). Interviewed by Gamereactor Staff. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  58. ^ a b c d "Grim Fandango Remastered Hits Just in Time For Cinco De Mayo!". New Media Rockstars. May 5, 2015. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  59. ^ García, Albert (January 28, 2015). "Grim Fandango no estaba tan muerto" [Grim Fandango was not so dead]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona. Archived from the original on August 8, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  60. ^ McWhertor, Michael (October 10, 2014). "Grim Fandango returns with updated graphics, orchestral score and fan-made controls". Polygon. Archived from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2014. The game's midi soundtrack is also being redone. The Melbourne Symphony, which recorded the orchestral soundtrack for Double Fine's Broken Age, is performing the score (which is being recorded next week).
  61. ^ a b c "Grim Fandango getting a vinyl release from iam8bit". Blip Blop. November 1, 2018. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019. The release will be a 2LP on black vinyl and comes in a die-cut jacket where you can change Manny's face by switching around the printed inner sleeves. Artwork for this release is done by Holly Rothrock.
  62. ^ a b c d "Grim Fandango 2xLP Vinyl Soundtrack". iam8bit. 2018. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  63. ^ "Grim Fandango Remastered (Original Soundtrack)". Amazon. May 5, 2015. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  64. ^ "Grim Fandango Remastered: Original Soundtrack". MusicBrainz. 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  65. ^ "Peter McCONNELL › Grim Fandango (Soundtrack) (20th Anniversary Edition) (remastered)". Juno Records. 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-09-30.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g McConnell, Peter (2019). Grim Fandango 2xLP Vinyl Soundtrack (LP). iam8bit. 8BIT8098. Archived from the original on 2019-10-07.
  67. ^ "PC Soundtrack/Additional Game Soundtrack". The International House of Mojo. Archived from the original on February 18, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  68. ^ a b c d e Double Fine Productions (2015). Grim Fandango. Scene: End Credits.
  69. ^ a b Wood, Dashiell (October 31, 2023). "Grim Fandango's soundtrack vinyl has been resurrected for the game's 25th anniversary – A second chance". TechRadar. Archived from the original on 2023-11-02.
  70. ^ Heaton, Andrew (October 31, 2023). "Grim Fandango turns 25 so here's a vinyl release of the soundtrack". Destructoid. Archived from the original on 2023-10-31.
  71. ^ "Soundtrack". Grim Fandango Network. 1998. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2019. When the original soundtrack went out of print shortly after its 1998 release, LucasArts gave the Grim Fandango Network permission to make it available for your enjoyment.
  72. ^ "Grim Fandango Remastered Original Soundtrack (Director's Cut)". VGMdb. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  73. ^ Rodgers, Nile (2019). "Sumthing Else Music Works". Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  74. ^ "Peter Mcconnell: 'Grim Fandango'". 2019. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019. iam8bit deliver another envinyled computer game soundtrack for the twentieth anniversary of lauded noir adventure Grim Fandango. A bit of a flop in 1998, the game has since accumulated the reputation it deserves, certainly due in no small part to the spirited lounge jazz of Peter McConnell's soundtrack. Director's Cut version recorded with real orchestra.
  75. ^ Robischon, Noah (February 7, 2003). "The Best of Lucasarts Original Soundtracks". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  76. ^ Land, Michael; McConnell, Peter; Bajakian, Clint; Levison, David; Griskey, Mark (2002). The Best Of LucasArts Original Soundtracks (CD). LucasArts Entertainment Company. 8127927. This year, 2002, LucasArts celebrates its twentieth anniversary. To commemorate this milestone in our company's history, LucasArts is proud to present a compilation of original game soundtracks, composed, arranged and recorded by our very talented musicians. This volume includes excerpts from the highly acclaimed soundtracks of The Dig, Outlaws, Gim Fandango, and the Monkey Island series.
  77. ^ Land, Michael; McConnell, Peter; Bajakian, Clint; Levison, David; Griskey, Mark (2002). The Best Of LucasArts Original Soundtracks (CD). LucasArts Entertainment Company. 8127927. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  78. ^ "1st Annual GANG Awards - 2002 Released Games". Game Audio Network Guild}. Archived from the original on May 7, 2014.
  79. ^ Marks, Aaron. "GDC 2003 - Audio Track Wrap". onyourmarkmusic.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27.
  80. ^ Marks, Aaron (March 13, 2003). "Game Audio: A GDC 2003 Wrap-Up". Gamasutra. UBM plc. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 27, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  81. ^ "Level 5 - Video Games Live". Amazon. 2016. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  82. ^ Level 5 - Video Games Live (CD). Mystical Stone Entertainment, LLC. 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  83. ^ Level 5 - Video Games Live (CD). Mystical Stone Entertainment, LLC. 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  84. ^ a b "Gaming in Symphony - Danish National Symphony Orchestra - LP". EuroArts. 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22.
  85. ^ a b "Gaming in Symphony". Apple Music. 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22.
  86. ^ a b Prell, Sam (June 14, 2018). "Grim Fandango Remastered is coming to Nintendo Switch, watch the cast (and Jack Black) perform it live". GamesRadar+. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  87. ^ a b "Koncerty Game Music Festival" [Game Music Festival concerts]. Pixelpost.pl (in Polish). Poland. November 5, 2018. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. [Bartosz Pernal's big band began performing about a hundred-page score with the song "Casino Calavera", which, referring to the best jazz traditions, moved listeners not even until 1998, when the famous adventure premiered, and even to the thirties of the last century. Another interpretation was "Smooth Hector" representing carefree and enjoyable jazz. Then it was time for the solo performance of the only woman in the band who performed "She Sailed Away" on the tenor saxophone. And although the arrangement was based on a 23-second fragment of the soundtrack, it was developed into a few-minute, melancholic and relaxing song. Vigor could not be lacking in energetic songs, which was "Hector Steps Out", which using a fast pace, with jazz typical expression he extracted from the instruments catchy sounds. What also distinguished The Jazz of Grim Fandango from other concerts was, apart from the type of music, a certain element of spontaneity. The compositions contained a lot of improvisation, and the audience freely rewarded successful solo performances with applause while the songs were in progress.]
  88. ^ a b "Game Music Festival. Krótka relacja z koncertów z muzyką z gier" [Game Music Festival. Short report on concerts with game music]. ppe.pl (in Polish). Poland. October 30, 2018.
  89. ^ "W piątek rozpocznie się Game Music Festival" [The Music Music Festival will start on Friday] (in Polish). Poland. October 26, 2018. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Wieczorowa gala 26 października będzie hołdem dla gry przygodowej "Grim Fandango", która świętuje w tym roku swoje 20-lecie. W ramach uroczystej gali The Jazz of Grim Fandango w NFM zagoszczą jazzowe klimaty autorstwa Petera McConnella w wykonaniu big bandu Bartosza Pernala. Disney Interactive oraz Double Fine Productions oficjalnie weszli we współpracę z organizatorami festiwalu, a galę zaszczyci obecnością kompozytor muzyki z "Grim Fandango". [The evening gala on October 26 will be a tribute to the adventure game "Grim Fandango", which is celebrating its 20th anniversary this year. As part of The Jazz of Grim Fandango gala, NFM will host jazz atmosphere by Peter McConnell performed by Bartosz Pernal's big band. Disney Interactive and Double Fine Productions officially entered into cooperation with the festival's organizers, and the gala will be honored by the presence of the music composer from "Grim Fandango".]
  90. ^ Zielińska, Kamila (October 30, 2018). "GRIM FANDANGO - RELACJA Z GMF" [Grim Fandango - Report from GMF]. jarock.pl (in Polish). Poland.
  91. ^ "Gamemusic Festival". Game Music Festival. Poland. 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-05-07. Exactly 20 years ago, Grim Fandango was released and it changed the video game industry forever. Its thrilling soundtrack takes you into the world of New Orleans' jazz right from its first bars. (...) We are delighted to announce that the Jazz of Grim Fandango concert will be a completely unique celebration of Grim Fandango and its music. It shall be the one of a kind 20th anniversary concert, and because of that, the composer himself will also attend the event personally! Peter McConnell will not only be present onsite throughout the whole Game Music Festival but will also join the big band on stage to deliver a truly spectacular performance.
  92. ^ Eímear Noone (2018). Grim Fandango// The Danish National Symphony Orchestra (LIVE) (YouTube Video). Danish National Symphony Orchestra. Archived from the original on 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
  93. ^ "Grim Fandango 25th Anniversary celebrated with a jazz concert performance". gonintendo.com. December 1, 2023.
  94. ^ a b c "GDC Main Stage: A Developer's Concert". Game Developers Conference. 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20.
  95. ^ a b Wintory, Austin (2024). "Grim Fandango live! (Manny and Meche) GDC 2024 Concert feat. Peter McConnell". youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20. A highlight of my LIFE, conducting "Manny y Meche" from GRIM FANDANGO with its brilliant composer (and wonderful human being!) Peter McConnell right there on stage with me.
  96. ^ "Grim Fandango - An interview with composer Meter McConnell". Game Tyrant. 2015. Archived from the original on 2019-07-13. The Grim Fandango Remastered orchestral sessions were recorded in Melbourne, Australia to renew the classically brilliant and hilarious qualities of this beloved score.
  97. ^ a b c Politis, Dionysios, Tsalighopoulos, Miltiadis, Iglezakis, Ioannis (June 27, 2016). Digital Tools for Computer Music Production and Distribution. IGI Global. p. 181. ISBN 978-1522502647.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  98. ^ a b Collins, Karen (August 8, 2008). Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video. The MIT Press. pp. 102, 146. ISBN 978-0262033787.
  99. ^ a b c d e f Grim Fandango Instruction Manual (PDF). LucasArts. 1998. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  100. ^ a b c d e f g "Grim Fandango: Remastered Credits (Windows)". MobyGames. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  101. ^ Peter McConnell

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