Abstract
========
Wikimedia is an international project that produces, writes, and
curates the world's knowledge. Do you enjoy writing, editing, or
photography? Do you know a lot about a particular topic, no matter
how specialized? Then you can contribute to Wikimedia's projects.
Come to this talk and learn about the Wikimedia Foundation, Wikipedia,
and get an introduction to participating.
Open questions
==============
Put explanation of articles first and then discuss Wikimedia, history, etc.?
Or put it later?
Should I show off the pages I've written?
Add discussion of problems? e.g. biographies of living persons; poor
representation of women as editors or as article subjects; declining
volume of editors; increasing complexity of the markup.
Outline
=======
Introduction
* Welcome to today's talk on Wikipedia.
* Introduce myself -- I edit wikipedia as a hobby.
* please ask questions at any time.
<google search results> screenshot
* When you search for something, the first result is often a wikipedia page.
* What is wikipedia, and where does it come from? How does it get written?
Screenshot of http://www.wikipedia.org/
* it's a set of world-editable encyclopedias
3.9 million articles in English version, 1.4 million in German, many other languages supported
3.9 million articles would be over 1,000 Britannica volumes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Vega
* Let's look at a single article
* in this case, for singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega.
* Notice the various parts of the article.
* there's a summary
* an "info box", a sidebar with information.
* this entry is long enough that there's a short table of contents.
* reading through the text, there are many cross-links to other articles
within Wikipedia.
* each of these blue links goes to another wikipedia article.
* throughout the article there are footnote-like links to references for
each statement.
* At the end of the article, the references are collected into a section
of their own.
At top of the article, there are links that provide insight into how
Wikipedia operates.
* there's "article", the thing we're currently looking at.
Talk page: which is notices and discussion about *the article* itelf.
* Comments are usually signed by a particular user and timestamped.
* they can note problems with the article, or ask questions about where
a particular fact comes from.
View History:
* shows every edit made to this article.
* there's a date/time for each edit
* either a user ID or a numeric Internet address for anonymous edits
* these links here show the differences between version.
(cur) is the difference between the past and the current version of the page.
<click on prev link>
* (prev) shows the edit the person made at the time.
* this shows the differences between the two versions
* additions in green ; modifications in yellow; deletions in red; etc.
This is how Wikipedia entries are assembled.
* anyone can edit a page to correct an error, rewrite a sentence, add a fact.
* you do this by going to the 'Edit' link in the top bar, or
the 'edit' link next to a section header.
* entries are written in a special text format.
* for example, square brackets indicate links.
* <ref> with angle brackets is used to embed a reference
* wikipedia web site turns this format into a nicely formatted page
* when you make a change, supply a change message explaining what you did.
Is it really possible to write an encyclopedia this way?
* it seems like writing an encyclopedia is too much effort for a
loosely coordinated group
* it turns out that it is.
* some people start articles. Often they start out as "stubs", very short
and basic articles. Or they might produce a sizable first draft.
* some people add facts, from an interview, book, or news item
* other people like rewriting entries to make the prose flow better
* it's also possible for computer programs called "bots" to make automatic
edits, to fix punctuation, standardize date formats, and do other gruntwork.
* bots also help protect against vandalism -- replacing pages with junk,
adding swearwords, etc.
<cover of Shirky's book "Cognitive Surplus">
* author Clay Shirky estimated it would take 10 million hours to write
Wikipedia.
* Americans watch 250 billion hours of TV per year (33 hours per person).
Enough time to write 25,000 wikipedias!
The encyclopedia is also given away:
* the text and images are available for you to read or re-use.
* wikipedia's web site has a 'Create a book' tool to pick multiple articles,
assemble them into a book, and download the resulting PDF.
<find photo of dictionary>
* in 2008 the German publisher Bertelsmann printed a 992-page dictionary
of around 20,000 articles. This was completely legal.
Equipment and software is provided by a non-profit, the Wikimedia Foundation.
* funded by donations: around $X/year.
* Mission statement: “Imagine a world in which every single human
being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge.”
* Arranges partnerships with libraries/archives/museums for material
* Runs an annual conference called WikiMania
The Wikimedia foundation runs a number of other projects.
* All of their projects are editable by anyone
* All of them are free to use and available to adapt.
* Wiktionary -- a free dictionary
<english word>
<french word>
* Wikiquote -- quotation collections
<example page: http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bruce_Schneier>
* Wikibooks -- collectively writing textbooks
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/European_History
* Wikisource -- collects public-domain electronic source texts
everything from the constitution of every country in the world,
to public-domain poems and novels.
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
* Wikidata -- a database of facts usable by computers.
* Wikimedia Commons -- freely available media (images, audio, video)
It collects images useful for all the other projects
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
So there are:
* photos of locations, people both historical and modern, and objects
* diagrams
* maps
* graphs
General principles:
* NPOV
* no original research
* assume good faith.
History
*Who came up with the idea of "just let everyone edit pages"?
*<image of Cunningham>
Ward Cunningham invented the wiki in 1994 for workplace use;
instead of having an editor take suggestions and apply changes, just
let people make the change themselves.
* <image of wiki-wiki bus>
The word "wiki" comes from the "wiki wiki shuttle" at Honolulu airport.
"wiki" means "quick" in the Hawaiian language.
*
In 2000, Jimmy Wales had the idea of an online encyclopedia built by
volunteers, and co-founded Nupedia with Larry Sanger. Nupedia had a
seven-step process for getting articles: an author was assigned an
article, wrote it, there were 2 rounds of review and copy-editing, and
a final approval.
Nupedia went online in March 2000. By November, they had 2 articles.
In 2001, started Wikipedia as a side project to allow collaborating on
articles before the peer-review process. It turned out to work well
and began running on its own.
Participating
You can start editing on your own.
Or, you can go to events called editathons.
A local group, Wikimedia DC, runs them regularly; there's usually at least
one per month.
Other projects:
* Wikipedia Loves Monuments: aiming to get photos of everything on the
US National Historic Register.
For further reading:
Andrew Lih, “The Wikipedia Revolution”
-- a journalistic account that briefly covers Wikipedia's processes,
history, and internal controversies
"Wikipedia: The Missing Manual"
Joseph Reagle’s “Good Faith Collaboration”
Shirky's books
Other references?
