User:AerobicFox/Art of the Edo period

Edo Period Art

Ukiyo-e(woodblock printing) arose in the Edo period; The Great Wave off Kanagawa an iconic example.
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Edo (江戸, Edo), or Tokugawa (徳川, Tokugawa) period art refers to a broad diversity of works created during and around the time period that Japan was ruled by the Tokugawa shogunate(1603–1868).

continued the traditional arts while experiencing a flourish of new styles and art forms in response to the urbanization.

saw a flourish in the traditional arts within the cities of Kyoto and Osaka as well as a growth of new styles and arts in Edo in response to the emerging city life there. Frequented by merchants and samurai experiencing forced idleness, the heavily stylized kabuki theater emerged during this time in contrast to the more formal Noh dramas. The visual arts in Edo tended to focus on places of entertainment such theses kabuki theaters, the red light districts, or places to eat and drink.

Profundity of pictorial arts,

Kyoto, the traditional capital of culture in Japan began to be rivaled by Osaka and Edo.

Zenga comes into being

Two major outside influences, the Dutch and the Chinese. Both forced to only contact Japan through Deshima (Dejima) Island in the Bay of Nagasaki.

Setting

Tokugawa takes over, moves capital to Edo. Neo-confucian ideals of class supported by Tokugawa clan to cement social classes.

Through a number of edicts and policies from 1633–1639 known as Sakoku("locked country") Japan began its two century period of self isolation.

1936

-ocean going vessels removed, only coastal vessels remain

-Japanese living outside banned from returning to Japan for fear of introducing dangerous foreign ideas 1939

-All interaction with outside world closed off. All that remains are a few contacts with Korea, and a small port on Deshima(Dejima) Island in the Bay of Nagasaki for a Dutch trading post, handful of Chinese merchants, and strict supervision and oversight. Dutch interaction through this port though provided a consistent influx of Western visual arts, concepts such as depth and perspective, and some technologies had large impact.

Historically China had been Japan's primary provider of outside culture.

Heavy Chinese influence. 1639 policy restricts interaction with foreign powers. Only the Dutch and Chinese permitted to have contact Japan through a small port on Deshima(Dejima) Island in the Bay of Nagasaki.

Emerging mercantile class, art that appeals to their tastes, commercially sold, art that reflects bustling city life. Tension between traditional arts, art of higher class, and these.

Ōbaku Zen developed from the last migration of monks from China. This contact influenced Japanese understanding of contemporary Chinese culture.

Pictorial arts

Painting

Schools

Kanō school: sort of the official school, shogunate

bunjin-ga ("literati painting"), or nanga ("painting of the southern school") Ming Chinese monks at Manpuku-ji south of Kyoto

Ukiyo-e

Meaning "Floating world"

Performing arts

Kabuki theater

Contrasts with traditional Noh dramas. Flamboyant. Frequented by merchants and samurai experiencing forced idleness, the heavily stylized kabuki theater emerged during this time in contrast to the more formal Noh dramas.

Linguistic arts

Chinese influence on calligraphy, and writing.

Poetry

furu ike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto an ancient pond a frog jumps in the splash of water

Matsuo Bashō, c. 1696

Referred to as haiku in modern times, the Haikai no renga, or opening verse, emerged as the dominant genre.

Matsuo Bashō creates the Haiku

Calligraphy

Main article: Edo period calligraphy

Heavy Chinese influence China were calligraphy has been held in high esteem for centuries. Japanese respect Chinese calligraphy.

Alternative

finely carved netsuke (toggles) and inrō (seal cases)

Edo period was a high point for doll culture and textile arts in Japan's history.

lacquer ware,

Key figures and movements

Art forms

• Ukiyo-e: wood block prints primarily produced for the emerging merchant class, often created for commercial reasons
• Zenga: art created by Zen monks
• Bunraku: form of puppet theater
• Kabuki: live actor drama, flamboyant- appeals to merchant class- stands in contrast to the classical Noh drama

Artists

• Matsuo Bashō, most famous poet of the Edo period, often recognized as the founder of Haiku
• Maruyama Ōkyo, founded the Maruyama–Shijō school of painting that focused on naturalism
• Chikamatsu Monzaemon: major Japanese dramatist

References

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

Written

• O'riley, Michael (2001). Hattersley-Smith, Kara (ed.). Art Beyond the West:the arts of Africa, India and Southeast Asia, China, Japan and Korea, the Pacific, and the Americas. Afterword by Anne D'alleva (1st ed.). Calmann & King. pp. 192–196. ISBN 0-13-042255-X.

Online

Open Access

• Department of Asian Art (2003). "Art of the Edo Period (1615–1868)". www.metmuseum.org. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
• Pate, Alan Scott (2006). "Ningyō: Japanese Dolls and Textiles". Fiberarts. 33 (2). OmniFile Full Text Select. Retrieved 17 Feb. 2011. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

Restricted Access

• Bonnie Abiko. "Edo period". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
• James T. Ulak. "Japanese art". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
• Tsurumi, Shunsuke (1984). "Edo Period in Contemporary Popular Culture". Modern Asian Studies. 18 (Special Issue: Edo Culture and Its Modern Legacy). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 22 Feb. 2011. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

• Gerstle, Andrew C. (1987). "Flowers of Edo: Eighteenth-Century Kabuki and Its Patrons". Asian Theatre Journal. 4 (1). University of Hawaiʻi Press. Retrieved 22 Feb. 2011. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

See Also

• Ukiyo-e
• Kabuki
• Bunraku

External Links

• Art of the Edo period, gallery at Wikimedia Commons