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Possible correspondences between Proto-Sinaitic and Phoenician letters.
Hieroglyph Proto-Sinaitic IPA value Reconstructed name Phoenician Imperial Aramaic Hebrew Nabataean
(from Aramaic)
Ancient South Arabian
F1
๐“ƒพ[1][2]
Aleph /ส”/ สพalp "ox"[2][3] ๐ค€๐ค€ ๐ก€ ื ๐ฉฑ
O1
๐“‰[1][2]
Bet /b/ bayt "house"[2] ๐ค๐ค ๐ก ื‘ ๐ฉจ
T14
๐“Œ™[1][2]
Gimel /g/ gaml "throw-stick" [3] ๐ค‚๐ค‚ ๐ก‚ ื’ ๐ฉด
O31
๐“‰ฟ[2] or
K5
๐“†Ÿ[1][a] or
K7
๐“†ก[1]
Dalet /

Dalet

/d/ dalt "door"[2] or digg "fish"[3] ๐คƒ๐คƒ ๐กƒ ื“ ื“ึผ ๐ฉต
A28
๐“€ [1][2]
Heh /h/ haw "man calling"[3] or hillul "jubilate"[2] ๐ค„๐ค„ ๐ก„ ื” ๐ฉ 
T2
๐“Œˆ[1] or
T3
๐“Œ‰[1]
Waw /w/ waw "mace"[3] or "hook"[2] ๐ค…๐ค… ๐ก… ื• ๐ฉฅ
Z4
๐“…[1][b] or
N34
๐“ˆ”[4] or
V13
๐“ฟ[c][d] or
D13
๐“‚ƒ[2][c] or
N16
๐“‡พ[1]
Zayin / Ziqq /z/ zayn/zayt "sword"[citation needed] or "copper ingot"[4] or ziq "fetter"[2] ๐ค†๐ค† ๐ก† ื– ๐ฉธ
/รฐ/ แธayp "eyebrow"[2] ๐กƒ

[5]

๐ฉน
O6
๐“‰—[2][c] or
O42
๐“Š or
O31
๐“‰ฟ[1][a]
แธคet / ๐“Ž› /ฤง/ แธฅaแนฃir "mansion"[2] or (แธฅรชt)"fence"[3] ๐ค‡๐ค‡ ๐ก‡ ื—โ€ฌ ๐ฉข
V28
๐“Ž›[1][2][e]
/x/ (แธซa) "hank of yarn"[3] or แธซayt "thread"[2] ๐ฉญ
F35
๐“„ค[2] or
O49
๐“Š–[f]
แนฌet
/ แนฌet (Proto-Canaanite)
/tหค/ แนญab "good"[2] or แนญayt "spindle"[3] ๐คˆ๐คˆ ๐กˆ ื˜โ€ฌ ๐ฉท
D36
๐“‚[1][2]
Yad Yad /j/ yad "arm"[3] or "hand"[2] ๐ค‰๐ค‰ ๐ก‰ ื™ ๐ฉบ
D46
๐“‚ง[1][2]
Khof /k/ kap(p) "palm"[3][2] ๐คŠ๐คŠ ๐กŠ ืšื› ๐ฉซ
S39
๐“‹ฟ[2] or
V1
๐“ข[1][b]
Lamed /l/ lamd "goad"[2][3] ๐ค‹๐ค‹ ๐ก‹ ืœ ๐ฉก
N35
๐“ˆ–[1][2]
Mem /m/ maym "water"[2] ๐คŒ๐คŒ ๐กŒ ืืž ๐ฉฃ
I10
๐“†“[1][2]
Nun /n/ naแธฅลก "snake"[3][2] ๐ค๐ค ๐ก ืŸื  ๐ฉฌ
R11
๐“Šฝ [2][f] or
K1
๐“†› [2][a]
Samekh(Proto-Canaanite) /

Samekh

/s/ samk "fish/support"[3][2] ๐คŽ๐คŽ ๐กŽ ืก ๐ฉฏ
D4
๐“น[1][2]
Ayin /ส•/ สฟayn "eye"[3][2] ๐ค๐ค ๐ก ืข ๐ฉฒ
V28
๐“Ž›[e] or
M43
๐“‡ญ[2][c]
๐“Ž› / Ghayn /ษฃ/ (ฤกa) (unknown)[3] or ฤกinab "grape"[2] ๐ฉถ
D21
๐“‚‹[2] or
O38
๐“Š‹[1][g]
Pe (Semitic letter)
Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-O38B.png
/p/ pu "mouth"[2] or pสฟit "corner"[3] ๐ค๐ค ๐ก ืฃืค ๐ฉฐ
M22
๐“‡‘[1] or
V33
๐“Žค[2][c] or
M16
๐“‡‰[1]
Tsade /sหค/ (แนฃad) "plant"[3] or แนฃirar "bag"[2] ๐ค‘๐ค‘ ๐ก‘ ืฅืฆ ๐ฉฎ
/ษฌหค/? ๐ก

[5]

๐ฉณ
S35
๐“‹บ[2]
/ฮธหค/ แบ“il "shade"[2] ๐กˆ

[5]

๐ฉผ
V24
๐“Ž—[2]
Qoph /kหค/ qu(p) "monkey"[3][6] or qaw "cord, line"[2] ๐ค’๐ค’ ๐ก’ ืง ๐ฉค
[1][2] or
D19
๐“‚‰[1]
Resh /r/ raสพลก "head"[2][3] ๐ค“๐ค“ ๐ก“ ืจ ๐ฉง
N6
๐“‡ด[2]
Shin /สƒ/ ลกamลก "sun"[2] ๐ค”๐ค” ๐ก” ืฉื ืฉื‚ ๐ฉช
T9
๐“Œ’[d] or
Aa32
๐“ฎ[1]
(Proto-Canaanite ล›)[7] / Shin /ษฌ/? แนฏann "composite bow"[8][3] or แนฏad "breast"[2] ๐ฉฆ
/ฮธ/ ๐ก•

[5]

๐ฉป
Z9
๐“ด[1]
Tof /t/ taw "mark"[3][2] ๐ค•๐ค• ืช ืชึผ ๐ฉฉ
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Simons 2011, p. 38, fig. 2.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax Colless 2010, p. 96, fig. 5.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Albright 1966, fig. 1.
  4. ^ a b Cross, F. M. (1980) Newly Found Inscriptions in Old Canaanite and Early Phoenician Scripts. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 238, 1โ€“20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1356511
  5. ^ a b c d "Aramaic and Hebrew: A linguistic comparison". vocab.chat. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  6. ^ Pandey, Anshuman (30 July 2019). "Revisiting the Encoding of Proto Sinaitic in Unicode" (PDF). Unicode.org.
  7. ^ Vainstub, Daniel; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine; Hasel, Michael G.; Hesler, Katherine M.; Lavi, Miriam; Rabinovich, Rivka; Goren, Yuval; Garfinkel, Yosef. "A Canaanite's Wish to Eradicate Lice on an Inscribed Ivory Comb from Lachish" (PDF). Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  8. ^ "ลกnn / Semitic roots". The Free Dictionary. Farlex, Inc. Retrieved December 7, 2023.


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