Alarie, B. & Duff, D. (2005). An income-contingent financing program for Ontario. In F. Iacobucci & C. Tuohy (Eds.), Taking public universities seriously (pp. 554 - 596). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Boadway, R. (2005). The Rae Report and the public finance of postsecondary education. In C. M. Beach (Ed.), A challenge for higher education in Ontario (pp. 73 - 96). Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy.
Carmichael, H. L. (2005). Accessibility in the Rae Report. In C. M. Beach (Ed.), A challenge for higher education in Ontario (pp. 97 - 103). Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy.
Carmichael, H. L. (2005). Timing the payment of tuition to enhance accessibility: A graduate tax? In F. Iacobucci & C. Tuohy (Eds.), Taking public universities seriously (pp. 597 - 614). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Williams, M. (2005). Access to public universities: Addressing systemic inequalities. In F. Iacobucci & C. Tuohy (Eds.), Taking public universities seriously (pp. 514 - 538). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Cameron, D. M. (2005). Post-secondary education and research: Whither Canadian federalism? In F. Iacobucci & C. Tuohy (Eds.), Taking public universities seriously (pp. 277 - 292). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
This chapter investigates the implications from the Canadian federal government fulfilling its constitutional role for economic development through supporting research conducted by higher education institutions that are the constitutional responsibility of the provinces. Cameron briefly reviews the precedents for federal involvement in research from 1916 and then focuses on federal initiatives from 1997 to 2003. This leads him to raise questions about the blurring of responsibilities within Canadian federalism. This chapter includes useful references regarding federal funding and involvement in higher education through a research lens.
Cameron, D. (1997). The federal perspective. In G. Jones (Ed.), Higher education in Canada: Different systems, different perspectives (pp. 9 - 30). New York, NY: Garland Publishing.
This chapter provides a brief overview of the federal role in higher education between 1867 and 1995. Cameron covers a perplexing pattern of federal initiatives to fund or participate in higher education. His format is generally chronological and would be useful for adding historical information to a Wikipedia article on the federal role in higher education in Canada.
Bissell, C. (1966). Ontario. In R. S. Harris (Ed.), Changing patterns of higher education in Canada (pp. 87 - 106). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
This chapter provides an historical snapshot of the trends within the university sector in Ontario in the mid-1960s with a forecast based primarily on developments during 1962 to 1966. Bissell identifies and describes patterns with university funding, research funding, student aid, and formula financing. In addition, he discusses structural challenges from the expansion of graduate education and governance of the higher education system in Ontario while predicting growth in the size of universities between 1966 and 1976. This chapter includes a useful perspective on the direction set within the 1962 Bladen Report as well as some details on funding issues in the mid-1960s.
Jones, G. (1997). Higher education in Ontario. In G. Jones (Ed.), Higher education in Canada: Different systems, different perspectives (pp. 137 - 160). New York, NY: Garland Publishing.
This chapter describes the development of structures and policies within Ontario's higher education system between 1945 and 1995. Jones identifies and describes the phases of structural development as evolutionary (1945-1960), revolutionary (1960-1970), and then relatively stable. In addition, he explores the changes in the policy process focus from bottom-up (i.e., by sector) to top-down (i.e., "macro-level") due to the financial constraints on the provincial government from the early-1990s recession. This chapter complements his 2004 journal article and has useful references for Ontario higher education structure and policies during the time period.
Jones, G. (2005). On complex intersections: Ontario universities and governments. In F. Iacobucci & C. Tuohy (Eds.), Taking public universities seriously (pp. 174 - 187). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
This chapter examines the organizational complexity of the university, the government, and then the challenges when complex organizations interact. Jones outlines how universities are complex because they are knowledge-driven organizations that also need to coordinate a diverse set of logistics to function while governments consist of a variety of "policy communities" that often overlap. He outlines how this makes it challenging for the provincial government to make informed decisions about the higher education sector and may explain the lack of government efforts to apply system-wide coordination. This chapter provides some structural background information for higher education in Ontario.
Jones, G. (2004). Ontario higher education reform, 1995 - 2003: From modest modifications to policy reforms. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 34, 3, pp. 39 - 54.
This journal article focuses on the policy reforms following the change in Ontario's provincial government in 1995. First, Jones explains why there were only modest modifications within the Ontario higher education system from 1970 to 1995 while other non-Canadian jurisdictions implemented broad reforms. Second, he identifies and explores four categories of change that cover privatization, implications for the binary structure, institutional differentiation, and system expansion. The article has useful references covering Ontario higher education policies, governance, funding, and structure.
Hanly, C., Shulman, N., & Swaan, D. N. (1970). Who pays? University financing in Ontario. Toronto, ON: James Lewis & Samuel, Publishers.
This book completes a thorough examination of the formula financing system that distributed provincial funds to publicly assisted universities in Ontario during an initial three-year trial period (i.e., 1967 - 1970). The authors cover the historical background relating to the formation of the new funding model. In addition, they specifically describe economic, academic, and political implications of the trial model and then propose modifications for improvement. The book is a useful historical perspective of the funding challenges facing the expansion of the Ontario higher education system. Also, it could be useful for comparing with the current financing system and/or recommendations.
Harris, R. S. (1976). A history of higher education in Canada, 1663 - 1960. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
This book is a comprehensive study of instruction and research at universities across Canada through comparative analysis of higher education in 1860, 1890, 1920, 1940, and 1960. Harris describes a snapshot of higher education in Ontario with each time period from 1890 onwards. In addition, he includes enrollment data in census years from 1861 to 1911 and a broad bibliography organized by topic as of 1976. This book is a useful reference for historical events, participation rates, and funding levels per university.
McKillop, A. B. (1994). Matters of mind: The university in Ontario, 1791 - 1951. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
This book applies a cultural and historical lens to the development of higher education in Ontario. McKillop covers the foundation of the early universities, Victorian studies, the arrival of women on campus, social change, and the influence of the two wars. Along with the facts, he is descriptive of what life was like in each period of time. This book is a useful aid for providing context for historical events, participation rates, and access.
McNab, G. G. (1925). The development of higher education in Ontario. Toronto, ON: The Ryerson Press.
This book provides detailed coverage of the formation and development of the University of Kings College (1827-1849), the University of Toronto (1849-1923), Queen's University (1828-1912), Western University (1857-1923), McMaster University (1836-1923), and Ottawa University (1837-1923). In addition, McNab describes the development of the university's entrance requirements and curricula for arts. The book is useful for a historical perspective of the policies and people who developed Ontario's universities plus information on funding, participation, and curriculum trends during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Milway, J. (2005). Post-secondary education and Ontario's prosperity. In F. Iacobucci & C. Tuohy (Eds.), Taking public universities seriously (pp. 341 - 359). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
This chapter analyzes Ontario's competitiveness and investment levels in higher education with respect to other jurisdictions. Milway determines that there is a competitiveness and investment gap with peer North American jurisdictions. He argues that governments, industry, and individuals should invest more in post-secondary education to close both gaps. This chapter has some useful information for inclusion in a "current challenges" or "future direction" section within the higher education in Ontario Wikipedia article.
Skolnik, M. L. (2005). The Rae Review and the structure of postsecondary education in Ontario. In C. M. Beach (Ed.), A challenge for higher education in Ontario (pp. 7 - 26). Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy.
This chapter discusses elements of structure that the Rae Review under-emphasized or did not include. Skolnik defines structure within the context of higher education systems and then explores how the review navigated various issues (e.g., the relationship between the colleges and universities). In addition, he discusses the creation of the Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario as a result of the Rae Review. This chapter includes a template for understanding structural topics in Ontario and some useful references for a "future direction" section.
Snowdon, K. (2005). Assessing the revenue framework and multi-year planning in the Rae Report. In C. M. Beach (Ed.), A challenge for higher education in Ontario (pp. 27 - 72). Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy.
This chapter provides a thorough review of the context for the funding challenges facing an implementation of a revenue framework for higher education in Ontario. Snowdon evaluates the Rae Report recommendations against this context and determines several pros and cons for consideration. This chapter serves as a useful guidebook to understanding the complexity of the funding challenges facing higher education in Ontario and includes references covering accountability and funding levels.
.svg){kind=small}
