User:Aarden1011/sandbox
| Pingelapese | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Micronesia |
| Region | Pingelap |
Native speakers | (3,000 cited 1991)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Latin script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pif |
| Glottolog | ping1243 |
Pingelapese is a Micronesian language spoken on the Pingelap atoll.
It is a language featuring both reduplication and triplication.
The Pingelapese language has their own calendar system which corresponds with the lunar calendar. There are 12 months associated with this calendar. The Pingelap calendar begins with the month Kahlek which is March. In proceeding order; Sounpwong (April), Pelekwar (May), Sokosok (June), Idihd (July), Soledahn (August), Meseneir (September), Kepihsukoru (October), Pihker (November), Ihkehwa (December), Epwelap (January), and Memwahleu (February). [2]
Each date of the month has a specific name as well. The first day symbolizes the New Moon and can be referred to as E Sukoru. In proceeding order; E Ling (2nd), E Sehm (3rd), Masepeng (4th), Masalim (5th), Mesawon (6th), Meseis (7th), Mesawel (8th), Woalduadu (9th), Medel (10th), Siepwong (11th), Arkohnge (12th), Sekainpe (13th), Woalopwo (14th), Woalemwahu (15th), Mas (16th) - also known as the full moon, Er (17th), Lelidi (18th), Koahmwaloa (19th), Edemen Koahmwaloa (20th), Apeleng (21st), Sengek (22nd), Wesengek (23rd), Dapas (24th), Dapasmeing (25th), Kerdakehleng (26th), Areiso (27th), Semwenpal (28th), Ihla (29th), Esep (30th), and lastly Epei (31st). [2]
Phonology
[edit]Historical sound changes
[edit]| Proto Oceanic | *mp | *mp,ŋp | *p | *m | *m,ŋm | *k | *ŋk | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *s,nj | *ns,j | *j | *nt,nd | *d,R | *l | *n | *ɲ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto Micronesian | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *x | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *T | *s | *S | *Z | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
| Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *r,∅ | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *j | *t | *t | ∅ | * ̻t | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
| Proto Pohnpeic | *p | *pʷ | *p, ∅ | *m | *mʷ | *k | *r,∅ | *ŋ | *y | *w | *j,∅ | *j | *t | *t | ∅ | * ̻t | *r | *l | *n | *∅,n |
| Pingelapese | *p | *pʷ | *p, ∅ | *m | *mʷ | *k | *r,∅ | *ŋ | *∅,y | *w | *s,∅{_i,u,e} | *s | *t | *t | ∅ | *s | *r | *l | *n | *∅,n{V+hi_} |
References
[edit]- ^ Pingelapese at Ethnologue (13th ed., 1996).
- ^ a b Stenson, Solomon (2009). Pingelap Non-Sacred Knowledge. Historic Preservation Fund Grant Department of LAnd and Natural Resources. pp. 15–16.
- ^ Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42: 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449.