User:4444hhhh/Mammalia

"Eochiropterans" Temporal range: Ypresian – Priabonian
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Clade:	Apo-Chiroptera
Order:	Chiroptera Van Valen, 1979
Groups included
†Onychonycteridae Simmons, Seymour, Habersetzer & Gunnell, 2008 †Icaronycteridae Jepsen, 1966 †Archaeonycteridae Revilliod, 1917 †Tanzanycteridae Gunnellet al., 2003 †Hassianycteridae Habersetzer & Storch, 1987 †Palaeochiropterygidae Revilliod, 1917 †Aegyptonycteridae Simmons, Seiffert & Gunnell, 2016
Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa
Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779

The Eochiroptera is an informal grade of bats that consists of

Volitantia

†Onychonycteridae †Icaronycteridae †Archaeonycteridae †Tanzanycteridae †Hassianycteridae †Palaeochiropterygidae †Aegyptonycteridae Chiroptera Yinpterochiroptera †Mixopterygoidea †Mixopterygidae Pteropodoidea Pteropodidae Rhinolophoidea Rhinopomatidae Craseonycteridae Megadermatidae Rhinonycteridae Hipposideridae Rhinolophidae Yangochiroptera †Necromantoidea †Necromantidae Emballonuroidea Nycteridae Emballonuridae Noctilionoidea †Speonycteridae Myzopodidae Mystacinidae Thyropteridae Furipteridae Noctilionidae Vespertilionoidea †Philisidae Natalidae Molossidae Miniopteridae Cistugidae Vespertilionidae

Human relationships with carnivorans

Domestication

Further information: Origin of the domestic dog § Dog domestication, and Evolution of the domesticated cat

The dog

The dog (Canis [lupus] familiaris) and the cat (Felis catus) are the most popular of pets as well as arguably with the most intimate relationship with humans. Both species have originated in the Old World.

Conversational issues

Extinct taxa

To date there have been four species of carnivorans that gone extinct (as shown in the table chart below). All of these species have in common

Extinct Carnivorans
Scientific Name	English Name	Distribution	Date of Extinction	Cause of Extinction	Image Figure
Dusicyon australis (Kerr, 1792)	Falkland Islands Wolf	Falkland Islands	1876	Predator control from farmers
Neovison macrodon (Prentiss, 1903)	Sea Mink	Gulf of Maine area in New England	1894	Over harvest from the fur-trade
Zalophus japonicus (Peters, 1866)	Japanese Sea Lion	Sea of Japan	1951	Overhunting from fishermen
Neomonachus tropicalis (J. E. Gray, 1850)	Caribbean Monk Seal	Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and the western Atlantic Ocean	1952	Overhunted for their oil and depletion of food sources

Stem-Pinniped Phylogeny

	†Amphicynodontidae †Semantoridae Pinnipedimorpha †Enaliarctidae Pinnipediformes †Pinnarctidion †Pacificotaria †Pteronarctos Pinnipedia Phocoidea Phocidae Otarioidea †Desmatophocidae Odobenidae Panotariidae †Eotaria Otariidae

Otarioidea Phylogeny

Otarioidea	†Desmatophocidae †Desmatophoca †Atopotarus †Allodesmus Odobenidae Panotariidae †Eotaria Otariidae Callorhinae †Pithanotaria Callorhinus Otariinae †Thalassoleon Zalophini Zalophus †Proterozetes †Oriensarctos Eumetopias Otariini Otaria Phocarctos Neophoca †Hydrarctos Arctophoca Arctocephalus

Odobenidae Phylogeny

Odobenidae	†Prototaria †Proneotherium †Neotherium †Kamtschatarctos †Pseudotaria †Archaeodobenus †Nanodobenus †Pelagiarctos †Titanotaria †Imagotaria †Pontolis Neodobenia †Gomphotaria †Dusignathus Odobeninae †Aivukus †Protodobenus †Pliopedia †Ontocetus †Valenictus Odobenus

Phocid Phylogeny

Phocinae	†Frisiphoca †Leptophoca †Cryptophoca †Monotherium †Prophoca †Monachopsis †Sarmatonectes †Phocanella †Kawas Erignathini †Platyphoca Erignathus Cystophorini †Miophoca †Pachyphoca Cystophora Phocini †Nanophoca Pagophilus Histriophoca †Gryphoca Halichoerus Phoca †Batavipusa †Praepusa Pusa

Bear Phylogeny

Ursidae sensu stricto	†Ursavinae †Ballusia †Ursavus Ailuropodinae †Agriotheriini †Miomaci †Indarctos †Agriotherium Ailuropodini Ailuropoda †Ailurarctos †Kretzoiarctos †Agriarctos Ursinae Arctotheriini †Plionarctos †Arctodus †Arctotherium Tremarctos Ursini †Protarctos Helarctos Selenarctos Euarctos Melursus †Spelaearctos Ursus