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Today's featured article 1295 depiction of Alice arriving at Acre Alice of Champagne (c. 1193 – 1246) was the eldest daughter of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and Count Henry II of Champagne. In 1210, Alice married her stepbrother King Hugh I of Cyprus, receiving the County of Jaffa as dowry. After her husband's death in 1218, she assumed the regency for their infant son, King Henry I. Her attempts to bolster her claim to Champagne and Brie in France failed. Due to a debate with her uncle Philip of Ibelin, she left Cyprus in 1223. In exile, she married Bohemond, the heir apparent to the Principality of Antioch and the County of Tripoli, but their marriage was annulled. In 1229, she unsuccessfully laid claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem against the absent Conrad II. In 1240, she married Raoul of Nesle and the High Court of Jerusalem proclaimed them regents for Conrad in 1243, although their power was nominal. Raoul left the kingdom, and Alice, before the end of the year. Alice retained the regency until her death in 1246. (Full article...) Recently featured: Aston Martin Rapide Free and Candid Disquisitions Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha  Today's featured media X-rays are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, with wavelengths shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays – roughly in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometres. X-rays were discovered by German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895, who named them X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. X-rays can penetrate many solid substances such as construction materials and living tissue, and X-ray radiography is widely used in medical diagnostics. This medical significance was noticed by Röntgen shortly after he discovered X-rays; this print, titled Hand mit Ringen (Hand with Rings), is a print of his first medical X-ray, taken of his wife Anna Bertha Ludwig's hand in December 1895. Print credit: Wilhelm Röntgen; restored by Yann Forget Recently featured: House sparrow – Extremely Large Telescope – Krishna's Butterball Archive – More featured media...  Did you know 1934 US$10,000 bill ... that the US$10,000 bill (example pictured) is the highest denomination of US currency that has been used by the public? ... that Americans received nearly 15 billion political text messages in 2022? ... that novelist Sue Monk Kidd spent fourteen months researching New Testament–era Egypt and the Levant for The Book of Longings? ... that following the success of Jools Lebron's "demure" videos, she stated that she was able to use the proceeds to pay for her gender transition? ... that, when preparing the statue of John Stockton, its sculptor repositioned the model about 20 times by using a wrench to adjust ball-and-socket joints on steel rods? ... that the writings of José Rizal, a prominent contributor to liberalism in the Philippines, were adopted by both Philippine independence fighters and American colonial authorities? ... that Will Wood conducted a Bulgarian choir via Zoom for "White Noise"? ... that Xiphophorus signum is the only swordtail not known to hybridise with other species? ... that Mr. Bronx was not from the Bronx?

In the news Yahya Sinwar Yahya Sinwar (pictured), the leader of Hamas, is killed in a firefight with Israeli forces in Gaza. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson for their comparative studies of prosperity between nations. The Europa Clipper spacecraft is launched to investigate Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter. Kenyan Ruth Chepng'etich breaks the women's marathon world record at the Chicago Marathon. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to the Japanese atomic bomb survivors group Nihon Hidankyo. Ongoing: Israel–Hamas war Israel–Hezbollah conflict Russian invasion of Ukraine timeline Sudanese civil war timeline Recent deaths: Ginés González García Garbis Aprikian Sukh Dev Robert Fulford Barbara Owen George Negus  This day in history October 21 Aftermath of the Seongsu Bridge disaster 1096 – First Crusade: At the Battle of Civetot, the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan destroyed the army of the People's Crusade as it marched toward Nicaea. 1867 – The first and second of three treaties were signed near Medicine Lodge, Kansas, between the United States federal government and several Native American tribes in the Great Plains, requiring them to relocate to areas in present-day western Oklahoma. 1941 – World War II: German soldiers massacred nearly 2,800 Serbs in Kragujevac in reprisal for insurgent attacks in the district of Gornji Milanovac. 1968 – At the height of the Japanese university protests, protesters occupied Shinjuku Station in Tokyo and clashed violently with police. 1994 – In Seoul, South Korea, 32 people were killed and 17 others injured when a span of the Seongsu Bridge collapsed (pictured). Birger Jarl (d. 1266) Will Carleton (b. 1845) Steph Davies (b. 1987) May'n (b. 1989) More anniversaries: October 20 October 21 October 22

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