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(12) Mon vowels

Method	အ	အာ	အိ	အဳ	အု	အူ	အေ	အဲ	အော	အဴ	အံ	အး
Method 2	အ	အာ	ဣ	ဣဳ	ဥ	ဥူ	ဨ	အဲ	ဩ	အဴ	အံ	အး
Symbol		◌ာ	◌ိ	◌ဳ	◌ု	◌ူ	◌ေ	◌ဲ	◌ော	◌ဴ	◌ံ	◌း

How to pronounce (12) Mon vowels. The pronunciations are shown in the following table.

Vowels	အ	အာ	အိ	အဳ	အု	အူ	အေ	အဲ	အော	အဴ	အံ	အး
Symbol		◌ာ	◌ိ	◌ဳ	◌ု	◌ူ	◌ေ	◌ော	◌ဲ	◌ဴ	◌ံ	◌း
low voice	ɑ̆ listen^ⓘ	ɑ listen^ⓘ	æ̆, ĭ listen^ⓘ	æ, i listen^ⓘ	ɑŏ, ŭ listen^ⓘ	ɑo̍, u listen^ⓘ	e listen^ⓘ	oɑ listen^ⓘ	ɑo² listen^ⓘ	ɑo³ listen^ⓘ	ɔm listen^ⓘ	ɑh listen^ⓘ
Heavy voice	ɛ̆̇ listen^ⓘ	ɛ̀ɑ listen^ⓘ	ĭ̀ listen^ⓘ	ì listen^ⓘ	ŭ̇ listen^ⓘ	ù listen^ⓘ	è listen^ⓘ	òɑ̍ listen^ⓘ	ò̍ listen^ⓘ	ɛ̀ɑ̍ listen^ⓘ	ɔ̀m listen^ⓘ	ɛ̀h listen^ⓘ

Vowel and diphthong sounds (sharp).

Symbols	Approximate indications of the symbol 's value in the terms of English sounds.
ɑ̆	like English 'a' in above, about, arise, around.
ɑ	like English 'ar' car, far, tar, bar.
æ̆	like English 'oise' noise, poise, 'oist' most.
ĭ	like English 'eet' feet, meet, 'eed' need, weed.
æ	like English 'oil' soil, spoil, boil, coil.
i	like English 'e' me, be, she, we.
ɑŏ	like English 'out' about, shout, 'ouse' mouse, house.
ŭ	like English 'ood' mood, food.
ɑo̍	like English 'ow' cow.
u	like English 'o' to, 'oo' zoo, wo.
e	like English 'ay' pay, say, way, stay, play.
oɑ	like English 'oor' poor.
ɑo²	like English 'ow' now, cow.
ɑo³	like English 'ounce' pounce, 'ound' sound, round.
ɔm	like English 'ome' home, tome, Rome, 'omb' comb.
ɑh	like English 'ash' wash, rash.

(2) Vowel and diphthong sounds (sharp).

Symbols	Approximate indications of the symbol 's value in the terms of English sounds.
ɛ̆̇	like English 'age' cabbage. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ɛ̀ɑ	like English 'ear' bear. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ĭ̀	like English 'eak' beak. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ĭ	like English 'e' be, me, we. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ŭ̇	like English 'ood' wood. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ù	like English 'oo' bamboo. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
è	like English 'ay' bay. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
òɑ̍	like English 'oor' moor. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ò̍	like English 'ore' more. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ɛ̀ɑ̍	like English 'ill' bill, will. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ɔ̀m	like English 'omb' bomb. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)
ɛ̀h	like English 'ash' dash. (the nearest sound be consistent with Mon)

Myazedi inscription	Myazedi inscription translation
	Prosperity! One thousand six hundred and twenty-eight years after Lord Buddha had attained Nibbana, this city was named Arimaddanapur. The King was named Sri Tribhuvanditya Dhammaraja. The King's queen consort was called Trilokavatamsakadevi. Her son was named Rajakumer. The King gave her three villages of salves. When the Queen had died the King gave the Queen's goods and the three villages of salves, to the noble Queen's song Rajakumar. After the noble King had enjoyed royal splendour for twenty-eight years, he was sick nigh unto death. That noble Queen's son was called Rajakumar. The Queen's son being mindful of the King's beneficence in bringing him up, caused a golden statue to be made in the likeness of the lord Buddha and, giving the golden Buddha, to the King, said thus: "On behalf on my lord (father) I consecrate this golden Buddha. I now give the three villages of salves to my lord. May my lord give them to the noble golden Buddha. "There upon the King smiled and said, "Well done! Well done!" Then, in the presence of the noble disciples Maha-thera, Moggliputatissa-thera, Sumedha the Leamed, Brahma-pala, Brahmadiv, Sona, Sanghadena the very Learned, the noble King poured water (onto the ground in dedication). Thereafter, Rajakumar the Queen's son, had the golden Buddha enshrined in a cave for which a golden spire was made. In consecrating the cave-pagoda, the villages from the three villages namely Sakmunalun, one village; Rabai, one village, were assembled and assigned to the pagoda. The Queen's son Rajakumar, in pouring the (libation) water said thus: "May this my deed, help me to attain Ommiscience and wisdom (like Buddha). If any harm be done to any of these slaves, or to anything that I now dedicate to this pagoda, or if any violence done against them be not deterred, be it, my own son, be it my grandson, be it my own kinsman be it any stranger, let him never see the noble Arimettaya Buddha."

k (/kaˀ/)	kh (/kʰaˀ/)	g (/kɛ̤ˀ/)	gh (/kʰɛ̤ˀ/)	ṅ (/ŋɛ̤ˀ/)
c (/caˀ/)	ch (/cʰaˀ/)	j (/cɛ̤ˀ/)	jh (/cʰɛ̤ˀ/)	ñ (/ɲɛ̤ˀ/)
ṭ (/taˀ/)	ṭh (/tʰaˀ/)	ḍ (/ɗaˀ/~[daˀ])	ḍh (/tʰɛ̤ˀ/)	ṇ (/naˀ/)
t (/taˀ/)	th (/tʰaˀ/)	d (/tɛ̤ˀ/)	dh (/tʰɛ̤ˀ/)	n (/nɛ̤ˀ/)
p (/paˀ/)	ph (/pʰaˀ/)	b (/pɛ̤ˀ/)	bh (/pʰɛ̤ˀ/)	m (/mɛ̤ˀ/)
y (/jɛ̤ˀ/)	r (/rɛ̤ˀ/)	l (/lɛ̤ˀ/)	w (/wɛ̤ˀ/)	s (/saˀ/)
	h (/haˀ/)	ḷ (/laˀ/)	a (/ʔaˀ/)

Method of combination of the Mon compound consonant surds with the vowels. With (11) Compound consonant sounds, surds (sharp).

Exam; ကၞ ၊ ကၟ၊ ကျ၊ ကြ၊ ကၠ ၊ ကွ ၊ က္စ၊ တ္ၚ၊ က္ည၊ ညှ၊ ဏှ၊ နှ၊ မှ၊ ယှ၊ ရှ၊ လှ၊ သှ။

Consonant	Compound consonant surds symbol	Consonant + compound consonant surds	The nearest phonetic sound
ၚ	-္ၚ	စ + -္ၚ + = စ္ၚ	cəŋɑ̆
ည	-္ည	က + -္ည + = က္ည	kəɲɑ̆
ဍ	-္ဍ	က + -္ဍ + = က္ဍ	kəɗɑ̆
န	-ၞ	က + -ၞ + = ကၞ	kənɑ̆
မ	-ၟ	က + -ၟ + = ကၟ	kəmɑ̆
ယ	-ျ	က + -ျ + = ကျ	kyɑ̆
ရ	-ြ	က + -ြ + = ကြ	krɑ̆
လ	-ၠ	က + -ၠ + = ကၠ	klɑ̆
ဝ	-ွ	က + -ွ + = ကွ	kwɑ̆
စ	-္စ	က + -္စ = က္စ	kəpɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	က + -ှ = ကှ	khɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	ည + -ှ = ညှ	hnɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	ဏ + -ှ = ဏှ	hnɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	န + -ှ = နှ	hnɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	မ + -ှ = မှ	hmɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	ယ + -ှ = ယှ	hyɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	ရ + -ှ = ရှ	rhɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	လ + -ှ = လှ	hlɑ̆
ဟ	-ှ	သ + -ှ = သှ	shɑ̆


əsàʔ təmìsʰā taʔ ká buddha pʰəjásʰwàŋ tē waìŋ tətɕí mà
acak tamicha tat ka buddha phayachvan̊ te wain̊ ta kyi ma
Kadu people worship Buddha.


əsàʔ təmìsʰā tāʔ ká əmɛ̄awâ tāʔ ósʰətɕí tàʔ tē mít tɕí mà
acak tamicha tat ka amai ava tat o chakyi tat te mit kyi ma
Kadu people respect and love their parents, teachers.


əsàʔ tɕeíŋ sʰɔ̄m tətɕī tʰá mā
acak kyein̊ chom takyi tha ma
Let's learn Kadu.


əsàʔ tú təpaúʔ tɕí tʰà mā
acak tu tapot kyi tha ma
Let's speak Kadu.


ɕīʔɕā tāʔ tē əsàʔ tɕeíŋ sʰɔ̄m tɔ́ ī
rhit rha tat te acak kyein̊ chom to i
Teach Kadu to children.


məlê ŋā naīʔ ŋâ əsàʔ tɕeíŋ sʰɔ̄m tətɕī kû
male n̊a nait n̊a acak kyein̊chom ta kyi ku
We will all learn Kadu.

0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

k (/ka˨˦/)	kh (/kʰa˨˦/)	ṅ (/ŋa˨˦/)
c (/ca˨˦/)	ch (/sʰa˨˦/)	ñ (/ɲa˨˦/)
t (/ta˨˦/)	th (/tʰa˨˦/)	na (/na˨˦/)
pa (/pa˨˦/)	ph (/pʰa˨˦/)	ma (/ma˨/)
y (/ja˨˦/)	l (/la˨˦/)	v (/wa˨˦/)
ky (/tɕ˨˦/)	khy (/tɕʰ˨˦/)	sha (/ɕa˨˦/)
	h (/ha˨˦/)

𝓓𝓻.𝓘𝓷𝓽𝓸𝓫𝓮𝓼𝓪

ညးလွပ်ဏအ်ဂှ် မဒှ်ညးတၠမၚ်မွဲလိက်ပတ်အာဲကၟာဲဘာသာမိမဒှ်ရအဴ။

𖩀 ta (/θa̰/)	𖩁 nyi. (/ɲḭ/)	𖩂 yu. (/jṵ/)	𖩃 mi. (/mḭ/)	𖩄 bha. (/ba̰/)	𖩅 da. (/da̰/)	𖩆 a' (/ʔà/)
𖩇 hpi (/pʰì/)	𖩈 hka' (/kʰà/)	𖩉 hā' (/hʰà/)	𖩊 da' (/dà/)	𖩋 ju (/zù/)	𖩌 kui. (/ko̰/)	𖩍 au' (/ʔɔ̀/)
𖩎 mum (/mòʊɴ/)	𖩏 ni. (/nḭ/)	𖩐 pa. (/pa̰/)	𖩑 u' (/ʔù/)	𖩒 au: (/ʔɔ́/)	𖩓 ru. (/jṵ/)	𖩔 hci. (/sʰḭ/)
𖩕 htui (/tʰò/)	𖩖 ui (/ʔò/)	𖩗 wa. (/wa̰/)	𖩘 e' (/ʔè/)	𖩙 ku (/kù/)	𖩚 lam. (/la̰m/)	𖩛 la (/là/)
		𖩜 huing (/hàɪɴ/)	𖩝 ri. (/jḭ/)	𖩞 suik (/θaɪʔ/)

တူဝ်လိၵ်ႈၽႃႇသႃႇဢင်းၵိတ်း 26 တူဝ်

A a ဢေႊ (/ɑː/)	B b ပီႊ (/bː/)	C c သီႊ (/siː/)	D d ၻီႊ (/diː/)	E e ဢီႊ (/ɛ/)	F f ဢႅပ်ႉၾ် (/ɛf/)	G g ၸီႊ (/dʒiː/)
H h ဢဵၵ်ႉသျ် (/eɪtʃ/)	I i ဢၢႆႊ (/aɪ/)	J j ၸေႊ (/d͡ʒeɪ/)	K k ၶေႊ (/keɪ/)	L l ဢႅဝ် (/ɛl/)	M m ဢႅမ်ႊ (/ɛm/)	N n ဢႅၼ်ႊ (/ɛn/)
O o ဢူဝ်ႊ (/əʊ/)	P p ၽီႊ (/piː/)	Q q ၶိဝ်ႇ (/kjuː/)	R r ဢႃႊရ် (/ɑː/)	S s ဢႅတ်ႉသ် (/ɛs/)	T t ထီႊ (/tiː/)	U u ယူႊ (/juː/)
	V v ဝှီႊ (/viː/)	W w တပ်ႉပိူလ်ယူႊ (/dʌb(əl)juː/)	X x ဢႅၵ်ႉၶသျီ (/ɛks/)	Y y ဝၢႆႊ (/waɪ/)	Z z သႅတ်ႊ (/zi/)

19 of Tai (Shan) consonants

ၵ kǎ (/ka˨˦/)	ၶ khǎ (/kʰa˨˦/)	င ngǎ (/ŋa˨˦/)
ၸ tsǎ (/t͡ɕa˨˦/)	သ sǎ (/sʰa˨˦/)	ၺ nyǎ (/ɲa˨˦/)
တ tǎ (/ta˨˦/)	ထ thǎ (/tʰa˨˦/)	ၼ nǎ (/na˨˦/)
ပ pǎ (/pa˨˦/)	ၽ phǎ (/pʰa˨˦/)	ၾ fǎ (/fa˨˦/)
မ mǎ (/ma˨˦/)	ယ yǎ (/ja˨˦/)	ရ rǎ (/ra˨˦/)
လ lǎ (/la˨˦/)	ဝ wǎ (/wa˨˦/)	ႁ hǎ (/ha˨˦/)
	ဢ ʼǎ (/ʔa˨˦/)

4 of Tai (Shan) consonants

In this 4 of consonants are use in other language words when we want to write other language.

ၷ gǎ (/ɡa˨˦/)	ႀ xǎ (/θa˨˦/)	ၻ dǎ (/da˨˦/)	ၿ bǎ (/ba˨˦/)

In our Tai (Shan) language we also have two type of vowels 12 vowels and 13 vowels, in this lesson is for the beginner to start learning Tai.

12 of vowels

ဢ - ʼǎ (/ʔa˨˦/)	ဢႃ -ႃ ʼǎa (/ʔaː˨˦/)	ဢိ -ိ ʼǐ (/ʔi˨˦/)	ဢီ -ီ ʼǐi (/ʔiː˨˦/)	ဢေ ေ- ʼǎe (/ʔeː˨˦/)	ဢႄ ႄ- ʼě (/ʔɛː˨˦/)
ဢု -ု ʼǔ (/ʔu˨˦/)	ဢူ -ူ ʼǔu (/ʔuː˨˦/)	ဢူဝ် -ူဝ် ʼǒ (/ʔoː˨˦/)	ဢေႃ ေ-ႃ ʼǎu (/ʔɔː˨˦/)	ဢိုဝ် -ိုဝ် ʼǔe (/ʔɯː˨˦/)	ဢိူဝ် -ိူဝ် ʼǒe (/ʔɤː˨˦/)

13 of vowels

ဢႆ -ႆ ʼǎi (/ʔaj˨˦/)	ဢၢႆ -ၢႆ ʼǎai (/ʔaːj˨˦/)	ဢွႆ -ွႆ ʼǎui (/ʔɔj˨˦/)
ဢုၺ် -ုၺ် ʼǔi (/ʔuj˨˦/)	ဢူၺ် -ူၺ် ʼǒi (/ʔoj˨˦/)	ဢိုၺ် -ိုၺ် ʼǔei (/ʔɯj˨˦/)	ဢိူၺ် -ိူၺ် ʼǒei (/ʔɤj˨˦/)
ဢဝ် -ဝ် ʼǎo (/ʔaw˨˦/)	ဢၢဝ် -ၢဝ် ʼǎao (/ʔaːw˨˦/)	ဢိဝ် -ိဝ် ʼǐo (/ʔiw˨˦/)	ဢဵဝ် -ဵဝ် ʼǎei (/ʔew˨˦/)	ဢႅဝ် -ႅဝ် ʼěo (/ʔɛw˨˦/)
		ဢႂ် -ႂ် ʼǎue (/ʔaɰ˨˦/)

Learn Tai (Shan) language six of tones marker

6 of tones marker in Tai (Shan) language have to remember it.

ပဝ်ႇ - pào (/paw˩/)	ယၵ်း -ႇ yák (/jak̚˥/)	ယၵ်းၸမ်ႈ -ႈ yáktsām (/jak̚˥.t͡ɕam˧˧˨/)	ၸမ်ႈၼႃႈ -း tsāmnāa (/t͡ɕam˧˧˨.naː˧˧˨/)	ၸမ်ႈတႂ်ႈ -ႉ tsāmtāue (/t͡ɕam˧˧˨.taɰ˧˧˨/)	ယၵ်းၶိုၼ်ႈ -ႊ yákkhūen (/jak̚˥.kʰɯn˧˧˨/)

Example how to use the tones

ပႃ pǎa (/paː˨˦/)	ပႃႇ pàa (/paː˩/)	ပႃႈ pāa (/paː˧˧˨/)	ပႃး páa (/paː˥/)	ပႃႉ pâ̰a (/paː˦˨ˀ/)	ပႃႊ pa᷈a (/paː˧˦˧/)

ᥐ ka᷈a (/kaː˧˦˧/)	ᥑ kha᷈a (/kʰaː˧˦˧/)	ᥒ nga᷈a (/ŋaː˧˦˧/)
ᥓ tsa᷈a (/t͡ɕaː˧˦˧/)	ᥔ sa᷈a (/sʰaː˧˦˧/)	ᥕ ya᷈a (/jaː˧˦˧/)
ᥓ ta᷈a (/taː˧˦˧/)	ᥗ tha᷈a (/tʰaː˧˦˧/)	ᥘ la᷈a (/laː˧˦˧/)
ᥙ pa᷈a (/paː˧˦˧/)	ᥚ pha᷈a (/pʰaː˧˦˧/)	ᥛ ma᷈a (/maː˧˦˧/)
ᥜ fa᷈a (/faː˧˦˧/)	ᥝ wa᷈a (/waː˧˦˧/)	ᥞ ha᷈a (/haː˧˦˧/)
ᥟ ʼa᷈a (/ʔaː˧˦/)	ᥠ khya᷈a (/kʰjaː˧˦˧/)	ᥡ sya᷈a (/ʃaː˧˦/)
	ᥢ na᷈a (/naː˧˦˧/)

(12) Mon vowels

အ	အာ	အိ	အဳ	အု	အူ	အေ	အဲ	အော	အဴ	အံ	အး
အ	အာ	ဣ	ဣဳ	ဥ	ဥူ	ဨ	အဲ	သြ	အဴ	အံ	အး
	- -ာ	-ိ	-ဳ	-ု	-ူ	ေ-	-ဲ	ေ-ာ	-ဴ	-ံ	-း

How to pronounce (12) Mon vowels. Their pronunciations are shown in the following table.

အ	အာ	အိ	အဳ	အု	အူ	အေ	အဲ	အော	အဴ	အံ	အး
	- -ာ	-ိ	-ဳ	-ု	-ူ	ေ-	-ဲ	ေ-ာ	-ဴ	-ံ	-း
/ɑ̆/	/ɑ/	/æ̆, ĭ/	/æ ,i/	/ɑŏ,ŭ/	/ɑoˈ,u/	/e/	/oɑ/	/ɑo2/	/ɑo3/	/ɔm/	/ɑh/
/ɛ̆̀/	/ɛ̀/	/ĭ̀/	/ĭ/	/ŭ̀/	/ù/	/è/	/òɑˈ/	/òˈ/	/ɛ̀ɑˈ/	/ɔ̀m/	/ɛ̀h/

(っ◔◡◔)っ𝓜𝓾𝓼𝓲𝓬 𝔀𝓻𝓲𝓽𝓮𝓻 𝓓𝓻.𝓘𝓷𝓽𝓸𝓫𝓮𝓼𝓪 𝓸𝓯 𝓙𝓪𝓹𝓪𝓷𝓮𝓼𝓮 𝓲𝓭𝓸𝓵 𝓝𝓜𝓑48 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓑𝓝𝓚48.𝒯𝒶𝓁𝓀

Old Mon Pali script and Old Mon script	Modern Mon script	IPA pronunciation	Translate
	လိက်တၟံမန်	(/likmɔʔmo̤n/)	Mon inscriptions
	အကုသလကရ်မ္မပထ	(/ɑ̌ kɑð sɑ̌ kɑrm mɑ̌ pɑ̌ thɑ̌/)	Course of action resulting in demerit.
	အက္ခေဘိဏဳ	(/ɛk khɑo bhȉ næ/)	Infantry, Footman
	အခေါၚ်	(/ɑ̆ khoŋ/)	Permission
	အစာ	(/ɑ̆ cɑ/)	Teacher
	အစာရ်	(/ɑ̆ cɑr/)	Teacher
	အာဂ္နေယ	(/ɑ ɡənè yɛ̆̀/)	Teacher
	အ္စာရ်	(/ɑ̆ cɑr/)	Teacher
	အ္စာ	(/ɑ cɑ/)	Teacher
	အစာဂိုန်	(/ɑ cɑ ɡɜ̀n/)	Bishop
	အစဳအရေၚ်	(/ɑ̆ ci reɑŋ/)	Arrangements
	အ္ၚန်	(/ɑ̆ ŋɔn/)	To have few or little of
	ကိုဝ်အ္ၚန်	(/kɒ ɑ̆ ŋɔn/)	To be few
(Old Mon Pali script)	အဇပါလ (Mon Pali script)	(/ɑ̆ jɛ̆̀ pɑ lɑ̆/)	The goatherds banyan tree near the Bo-dhi tree at Buddh Gaya, where the Buddha returned before the Enlightenment, spent the fifth week after it, and returned at the end of the seventh week before beginning his mission.
(Old ordinary Mon script)	တၞံဇြဲသုမ် (Ordinary Mon script)	(/tɑ̆ nɔm jròɑˈsum/)	The goatherds banyan tree near the Bo-dhi tree at Buddh Gaya, where the Buddha returned before the Enlightenment, spent the fifth week after it, and returned at the end of the seventh week before beginning his mission.
	အဒါသမုခရာဇ	(/ɑ̆ dɛ̀ sɑ̆ mŭ khɑ̆ rɛ̀ɑ jɛ̆̀/)	King of Benares, the Bodhisatta in the Gāman̥d̥ican̥d̥ajāaka.
	အဍိုန်	(/ɑ̆ ɗon/)	Tract in Zwèbon district. Note: (Zwèbonဇြဲပန်) is the original Mon pronunciation.
	အနုဘာဝ်	(/ɑ̆ nŭ̀ bhɛ̀ɑw/)	Transcendent power.
	အနုဘဴ	(/ɑ̆nŭ̀pʰɤ̀/)	Splendour

Mon inscriptions from the 6th to the 16th century AD.

Old Mon Pali script	Modern Mon Pali script	IPA pronunciation	Translated into modern Mon script	Translate
	အနေကဇာတိသံသရံသန္ဓဝံသံအနိဗ္ဗိဿံ	(/ɑ̆ nè jɛ̀ɑ tæ̆ sɔm sɑ̆ rɔ̀m sɑndhɛ̀ɑ wĭ̀ sɑm ɑ̆ nɛ̀pbɛ̀p sɔm/)	က္ၜဳဒၞာဲဗောဓိသတ်ပိုဲမကးသ္အးကၠေံသော် က္ဍိုပ်ကောန်တၠတုဲ၊ တ္ၜးကၠေံဗွိုက် လ္တက်ကယျိုၚ်ရသိ။	The river there the Bodhisatta shaved his his head and put on ascetic dress.

Mon inscriptions vocabulary translations.

တာ	နီ	သွံ	လစ်ꩻ	ငတ်ꩻ	သူ	နွတ်ꩻ	သွစ်ꩻ	ကွတ်ꩻ	သုည

က (ကရီး)	ခ (ခရီး)	ဂ (ဂဆုဲင်ꩻ)	ဃ (ဃဆုဲင်ꩻ)	င
စ (စရီး)	ဆ (ဆရီး)	ဇ (ဇဆုဲင်ꩻ)	ၛ (စျဆုဲင်ꩻ)	ဉ / ည
ဋ (ဋရီး)	ဌ (ဌရီး)	ဍ (ဍရီး)	ဎ (ဎထာႏဝ)	ဏ (ဏရီး)
တ (တဆုဲင်ꩻ)	ထ (ထဆုဲင်ꩻ)	ဒ (ဒဆုဲင်ꩻ)	ဓ (ဓဆုဲင်ꩻသွတ်ꩻ)	န (နဆုဲင်ꩻ)
ပ	ဖ (ဖရီးဆုဲင်ꩻ)	ဗ	ဘ (ဘဆုဲင်ꩻ)	မ
ယ	ရ	လ la (လရီး)	ဝ	သ
	ဟ	ဠ ḷ (ဠဆုဲင်ꩻ)	အံ

k (/kaˀ/)	kh (/kʰaˀ/)	g (/kɛ̤ˀ/)	gh (/kʰɛ̤ˀ/)	ṅ (/ŋɛ̤ˀ/)
c (/caˀ/)	ch (/cʰaˀ/)	j (/cɛ̤ˀ/)	jh (/cʰɛ̤ˀ/)	ñ (/ɲɛ̤ˀ/)
ṭ (/taˀ/)	ṭh (/tʰaˀ/)	ḍ (/ɗaˀ/~[daˀ])	ḍh (/tʰɛ̤ˀ/)	ṇ (/naˀ/)
t (/taˀ/)	th (/tʰaˀ/)	d (/tɛ̤ˀ/)	dh (/tʰɛ̤ˀ/)	n (/nɛ̤ˀ/)
p (/paˀ/)	ph (/pʰaˀ/)	b (/pɛ̤ˀ/)	bh (/pʰɛ̤ˀ/)	m (/mɛ̤ˀ/)
y (/jɛ̤ˀ/)	r (/rɛ̤ˀ/)	l (/lɛ̤ˀ/)	w (/wɛ̤ˀ/)	s (/saˀ/)
h (/haˀ/)	ḷ (/laˀ/)	b (/ɓaˀ/~[baˀ])	a (/ʔaˀ/)	mb (/ɓɛ̤ˀ/~[bɛ̤ˀ])

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My name is Intobesa

	Mon Country	Mon State
Mon national flag or Mon people flag	Area covering Old Mon Country known in history as Hongsgwaddy or Rehmanaya, conquered by the Burmese in 1757.	Mon State created by Ne Win Government in 1974, comprising Moulmein and Thatan districts.

We Loves Food in
ပုိဲဒးစိုတ်စၞအာဟာရ
Monမန်

Human Rights in Burma

Brief Political Background

Burma retained its independence from the colonial British in 1948. Unfortunately, a civil war broke out in Burma just in the wake of the country's independence, as some of the ethnic non-Burman peoples, including the Mon, took up arms and revolted against the Burman- dominated racist central government, respectively demanding racial equality and their birth right to self-determination. The surge of patri- otic spirits among the ethnic'non-Burman peoples of the country and their united demand for autonomy and self-determination during the reign of the first democratically elected U Nu's government contributed to political instability in the country at the time. Taking this opportunity, the Burmese Army led by General New Win seized state power under the name of Revolutionary Council in a coup d'état in 1962, claiming that he was to rescue the country from the possible danger of disintegra- tion. From then on, the country was ruled by a Burman-dominated racist military dictatorship. As soon as it forced into office, the Gen. New Win-led military dictatorship brutally suppressed the peaceful political movement of the ethnic non-Burman peoples in the country by arrest- ing and jailing all the prominent ethnic non-Burman political leaders. Later on, many other ethnic non-Burman peoples in the country one after the other joined hands with the then existing ethnic non-Burman armed opposition so the civil war gradually grew up and dragged on.

During 1987 and 1988, pro-democracy demonstrations were arising throughout the country, demanding an unconditional end to the mono- lithic rule of Gen. Ne Win-led Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) and immediate establishment of democracy in the country. In Septem-ber 1988, the Burmese Army, under the name of State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), staged a mock coup d'état and again took over power through a ruthless massacre of thousands of peaceful demonstrators. Following national and international pressure, the military regime SLORC held a multi-party general election in May 1990 but has consistently denied to a transformation of civilian rule by refusing to hand over power to National League for Democracy (NLD), the political party led by Aung Sun Suu Kyi thatwon a landslide victory in the elections. On the other hand, the present military dictatorship SLORC has offered a divisive cease-fire deal to over a dozen ethnic non- Burman armed opposition groups across the country, including the Mon armed opposition New Mon State Party (NMSP). NMSP entered into a cease-fire agreement with SLORC on 29 June 1995.

Mon Pali	Mon	Burmese	Translate
ဨဠကမံသံ	ဖျန်သဵု	သိုးသား	Mutton
ဨလာ	မအဳ	ဖာလာစေ့	Cardamom
ဨရဏ္ဍော	တၞံတောၚ်	ကြက်ဆူပၚ်	Palma Christi
ဨဝ	ဟေၚ်	သာလျှၚ်	Only
ဨဝံ	ရဴသာဝွံ၊ ရဴဝွံ	ဤကဲ့သို့၊ ဤသို့	Thus
ဨတ္တာဝတာ	နဗၞတ်ဂလိုၚ်ဝွံ	ဤမျှလောက်	Thus far
ဨကံ	မွဲ	တစ်	one
ဨကာဒသ	စှ်မွဲ	ဆယ့်တစ်	Eleven
ဨကူနဝဳသတိ	စှ်ဒစိတ်	ဆယ့်ကိုး	Nineteen
ဨကဝဳသတိ	ၜါစှော်မွဲ	နှဆယ့်တစ်	Twenty one
ဨကူနတိံသတိ	ၜါစှော်ဒစိတ်	နှစ်ဆယ်ကိုး	Twenty nine
ဨကူနစတ္တာလဳသတိ	ပိစှော်ဒစိတ်	သုံးဆယ့်ကိုး	Thirty nine
ဨကူနပညာသ	ပန်စှော်ဒစိတ်	လေးဆယ့်ကိုး	Forty nine
ဨကူနသတ္တတိ	တရေဴစှော်ဒစိတ်	ခြောက်ဆယ့်ကိုး	Sixty nine
ဨကူနာသီတိ	ထပှ်စှော်ဒစိတ်	ခုနှစ်ဆယ့်ကိုး	Seventy nine
ဨကူနှနဝုတိ	ဒစာံစှော်ဒစိတ်	ရှစ်ဆယ့်ကိုး	Eighty nine
ဨကူနသတံ	ဒစိတ်စှော်ဒစိတ်	ကိုးဆယ့်ကိုး	Ninety nine
ဨသော	ၚ်တြုံဂှ်	ထိုယောကျ်ားသည်	That man
ဨတံ	န်ဇရေၚ်ညးဂှ်	ထိုသူထံသို့	To that man
ဨတဿ	ကုညးဂှ်၊ ကုတြံုဂှ်	ထိုသူအား	To that man
ဨတဿ	ဒဒက်တဴကဵုတြံုဂှ်	ထိုယောကျ်ား၏	That man’s
ဨသာ	ၚ်ဗြဴဂှ်	ထိုမိန်းမသည်	That woman
ဨတိဿာ	ဒဒက်တဴကဵုဗြဴဂှ်	ထိုမိန်းမ၏	Of that woman
ဨတာ၊ ဨတာယေ	ၚ်ဗြဴဂမၠိုၚ်ဂှ်	ထိုမိန်းမတို့သည်	Those women
ဨတံ၊ တံ	အရာဝတ္ထုဂှ်	ထိုအရာဝတ္ထု	Those thing
ဨက	မွဲဓဝ်	တခုတည်း	Single

က

Mon Pali	Burmese Pali	Thai Pali	Translate
သုခဳ ဒဳဃာယုကော ဘဝ။ အဘိဝါဒနသဳလိဿ၊ နိစ္စံ ဝုဍ္ဎာပစာယိနော။ စတ္တာရော ဓမ္မာ၊ ၀ဍ္ဎန္တိ၊ အာယုဝဏ္ဏော သုခံ ဗလံ	သုခီ ဒီဃာယုကော ဘဝ။ အဘိဝါဒန သီလိဿ၊ နိစ္စံ ဝုဍ္ဎာပစာယိနော။ စတ္တာရော ဓမ္မာ ဝဍ္ဎန္တိ၊ အာယု ဝဏ္ဏော သုခံ ဗလံ။	สุขี ทีฆายุโก ภะวะ, อะภิวาทะนะสีลิสะ, นิจจัง วุฑฒาปะจายิโน. จัตตาโร ธัมมา, วัฑฒนติ, อายุวัณโณ สุขัง พะลัง.	Be happy and live long, the four virtues are caste age Sukha, would prosper to a person who has a normal respect, regularity (to the adult) for ever and so on.

This page contains Mon script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Mon script.

(12) Mon Voyels


Writing style 1	အ	အာ	အိ	အဳ	အု	အူ	အေ	အဲ	အော	အဴ	အံ	အး
Writing style 2	အ	အာ	ဣ	ဣဳ	ဥ	ဥူ	ဨ	အဲ	ဩ	အဴ	အံ	အး
Symbol	-	-ာ	-ိ	-ဳ	-ု	-ူ	-ေ	-ဲ	-ော	-ဴ	-ံ	-း

How to pronounce (12) Mon vowels, their pronunciations are shown in the following table.


Vowels	အ	အာ	အိ	အဳ	အု	အူ	အေ	အဲ	အော	အဴ	အံ	အး
Symbol	-	-ာ	-ိ	-ဳ	-ု	-ူ	-ေ	-ဲ	-ော	-ဴ	-ံ	-း
low voice	ɑ̆	ɑ	æ̆,ĭ	æ, i	ɑŏ, ŭ	ɑo̍, u	e	oɑ	oɑ²	ɑo³	ɔm	ɑh
Heavy voice	ɛ̆̀	ɛ̀ɑ	ĭ̀	ì	ŭ̀	ù	è	òɑ̍	ò̍	ɛ̀ɑ̍	ɔ̀m	ɛ̀h

Vowel and Diphthong Sounds (sharp).
Symbols	Approximate indications of the symbol’s value in the terms of English sounds.
ɑ̆	like English ‘a’ in above, about, aise, achieve, around.
ɑ	like English ‘ar’ car, far, tar, bar.
æ̆	like English ‘oise’ noisee, poise, ‘oist’ moist.
ĭ̀	like English “eet” feet, mest, ‘eed’ need, weed.
æ	like English “oil” soil, spoil, boll, coil.
ì	like English ‘e’ me, be, she, we.
ɑŏ	like English ‘out’ about, shout, “ouse’ mouse, house.
ŭ	like English “ood” mood, food.
ɑo̍	like English “ow” cow.
u	like English “o” to, “oo” zoo, wo.
e	like English “ay” pay, say, way, stay, play.
oɑ	like English ‘oor’ poor.
oɑ²	like English ‘ow’ now, cow.
ɑo³	like English “ounce” pounce, ‘ound’ sound, round.
ɔm	like English ‘ome’ home, tome, rome, ‘omb’ comb.
ɑh	like English ‘ash’ wash, rash.