Unsinkable aircraft carrier
An unsinkable aircraft carrier is a geographically or politically important island that is used to extend the power projection of a military force. Because such an entity is capable of acting as an airbase and is a physical landmass not easily destroyed, it is, in effect, an immobile aircraft carrier that cannot be sunk.
The term unsinkable aircraft carrier first appeared during World War II, to describe the islands and atolls in the Pacific Ocean that became strategically important as potential airstrips for American bombers in their transoceanic war against Japan. To this end, the US military engaged in numerous island hopping operations to oust the occupying Japanese forces from such islands; the US Navy Seabees would often have to subsequently construct airstrips there from scratch—sometimes over entire atolls—quickly, in order to support air operations against Japan.
Midway Atoll has been described as a fourth, unsinkable, American aircraft carrier at the Battle of Midway in 1942 (the Americans had three conventional carriers). It did indeed function this way in the battle, with aircraft from the atoll attacking Japanese carriers and the atoll being attacked in turn.[1][2]
Malta and Iceland[3] were sometimes described as unsinkable aircraft carriers during World War II, making Malta a target of the Axis powers. At the end of the Chinese Civil War, the US military was said to have considered Taiwan an unsinkable aircraft carrier, though this position toward Taiwan changed when the United States and the People's Republic of China normalized relations in the 1970s and the United States annulled the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with Taiwan. However, the United States has de facto maintained the status quo through the Taiwan Relations Act.[4] The US military is also said to have considered the British Isles as unsinkable aircraft carriers during the Cold War.[5] In 1983, Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone pledged to make Japan an "unsinkable aircraft carrier in the Pacific", assisting the US in defending against the threat of Soviet bombers.[6][7] US Secretary of State General Alexander Haig described Israel as "the largest American aircraft carrier in the world that cannot be sunk".[8] In arguing against production of the CVA-01 aircraft carriers, the Royal Air Force claimed that Australia could serve adequately in the same role, using false maps that placed Singapore 400 miles (640 km) closer to Australia.[9] The island of Cyprus is also often described as an unsinkable aircraft carrier, in relation to the military presence of the United Kingdom there.
During the Second World War, the United Kingdom gave some serious thought to building virtually unsinkable aircraft carriers from ice reinforced with sawdust (Project Habakkuk). A model was made, and serious consideration was given to the project, with a design displacing 2.2 million tons and accommodating 150 twin-engined bombers on the drawing board, but it was never produced.
See also
[edit]- Diego Garcia
- Military on Gotland
- Mobile offshore base
- Strategic geography
- Tinian in World War II
- Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
References
[edit]- ^ White, Stephanie (2007). The Battle of Midway. Graphic Battles of World War II. Rosen Central. p. 7. ISBN 978-1404207837. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ Crooms, Hubert R. (Spring 2011). An Unsinkable Carrier: The Midway-Based Forces and the Battle of Midway (Thesis). Georgia Southern University. Docket 595. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ "Iceland: Some historical remarks". The Baltic Initiative and Network. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ "An unsinkable aircraft carrier". Time. 4 September 1950. Archived from the original on 25 November 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
- ^ Blystone, Richard. "Europe learning lessons of Greenham Common". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 March 2006. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ Smith, William E; McGeary, Johanna; Reingold, Edwin M. (31 January 1983). "Beef and Bitter Lemons". Time. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
- ^ Sanger, David E (14 May 1995). "The Nation: Car Wars; The Corrosion at the Core of Pax Pacifica". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
- ^ Oren, Michael (25 April 2011). "The Ultimate Ally". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ Nick Childs (3 July 2014). "The aircraft carrier that never was". BBC. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
Further reading
[edit]- Abraham, Itty (2015). "India's Unsinkable Aircraft Carrier". Economic and Political Weekly. 50 (39): 10–13. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 24482452.