United States critical materials list
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The United States critical materials list is a designation of materials or minerals considered essential for the economic or national security of the United States, where there is a high risk of supply chain disruption. This list is established under the authority of the Energy Act of 2020, specifically Section 7002(a), which empowers the Secretary of Energy, in collaboration with the Secretary of the Interior, to identify critical materials.
2023 Final Critical Materials List
[edit]The "Final 2023 Critical Materials List" was determined by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), with the Undersecretary for Science and Innovation involvement. This list incorporates materials deemed critical for energy applications and minerals from the 2022 final list designated by the Department of the Interior through the United States Geological Survey (USGS).
Critical Materials for Energy ("The Electric Eighteen")
[edit]The following materials were identified as critical for energy technology:
Critical Minerals
[edit]The 2022 list from the Department of the Interior includes the following minerals:
- Aluminum
- Antimony
- Arsenic
- Barite
- Beryllium
- Bismuth
- Cerium
- Cesium
- Chromium
- Cobalt
- Dysprosium
- Erbium
- Europium
- Fluorspar
- Gadolinium
- Gallium
- Germanium
- Graphite
- Hafnium
- Holmium
- Indium
- Iridium
- Lanthanum
- Lithium
- Lutetium
- Magnesium
- Manganese
- Neodymium
- Nickel
- Niobium
- Palladium
- Platinum
- Praseodymium
- Rhodium
- Rubidium
- Ruthenium
- Samarium
- Scandium
- Tantalum
- Tellurium
- Terbium
- Thulium
- Tin
- Titanium
- Tungsten
- Vanadium
- Ytterbium
- Yttrium
- Zinc
- Zirconium
Basis for Listing
[edit]This designation is based on the DOE's 2023 Critical Materials Assessment, which evaluates materials for their criticality to global clean energy technology supply chains. Materials are considered "critical" or "near critical" based on their importance in energy technologies and potential supply risks. Notably, uranium is excluded from this list as per Section 7002(a) of the Energy Act of 2020, which restricts the list to non-fuel materials. Uranium is classified as a fuel material when used in commercial nuclear reactors.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]External links
[edit]- U.S. Department of Energy. (2023). "2023 DOE Critical Materials Assessment." Critical Materials Assessment
- U.S. Geological Survey. (2022). "2022 Final List of Critical Minerals." 2022 Final List of Critical Minerals