Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi
| Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi أم عيسى بنت موسى الهادي | |
|---|---|
| Zawjat al khalifa | |
| Consort of the Abbasid caliph | |
| Predecessor | Lubana bint Ali ibn al-Mahdi |
| Successor | Khadija bint al-Hasan ibn Sahl |
| Born | c. 783/85 Baghdad or Haditha, Abbasid Caliphate |
| Died | 830s Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate |
| Burial | Baghdad |
| Spouse | Al-Ma'mun |
| Children |
|
| Dynasty | Abbasid |
| Father | Musa al-Hadi |
| Religion | Islam |
Umm ʿĪsā bint Mūsā al-Hādī (Arabic: أم عيسى بنت موسى الهادي) was an Abbasid dynasty princess, daughter of caliph al-Hadi, niece of caliph Harun al-Rashid and principal wife of al-Ma'mun, the seventh caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Umm Isa was the daughter of Al-Hadi (r. 785–786) from one of his concubines. She was born around 783 or 785. She spend her childhood in Baghdad. She was a young child when her father died in 786. Her father was succeeded by her uncle Harun al-Rashid. Her uncle took care of her and her brothers after al-Hadi's death.
Al-Ma'mun married his first wife Umm Isa, the daughter of his uncle al-Hadi, whom he married when he was eighteen years old. They had two sons, Muhammad al-Asghar, and Abd Allah.[1] This marriage was arranged during Harun al-Rashid's reign. Also, The two sons of al-Hadi, Isma'il and Ja'far married Harun-Rashid's daughters, Hamdunah and Fatimah respectively.[2] Thus, the two daughters of Harun were also cousins and sister-in-laws of Umm Isa. She lived a secluded life in the Caliph's harem, only a few things is known about her.
Umm Isa was one or two years older than her husband al-Ma'mun. Her husband was born on the same day when her father died and her uncle ascended to the Caliphate.
Her uncle, caliph Harun al-Rashid had nominated his two elder sons Al-Amin and al-Ma'mun as heir. Already in 792, Harun had Muhammad receive the oath of allegiance (bay'ah) with the name of al-Amin ("The Trustworthy"), effectively marking him out as his main heir, while Abd Allah was not named second heir, under the name al-Maʾmūn ("The Trusted One") until 799.[3][1] Her husband al-Ma'mun became caliph after the death of her cousin and brother-in-law al-Amin. In 813, al-Amin was beheaded, and al-Maʾmūn became the undisputed Caliph.[4]
Family
[edit]Umm Isa was related to the Abbasid ruling House paternally. She was contemporary to several Abbasid caliphs, Abbasid prince and Princesses.
| No. | Abbasids | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Musa al-Hadi | Father |
| 2 | Harun al-Rashid | Uncle and Father-in-law |
| 3 | Al-Amin | Cousin and Brother-in-law |
| 4 | Al-Ma'mun | Husband |
| 5 | Muhammad al-Asghar | Elder son |
| 6 | Abdallah ibn al-Ma'mun | Second son |
| 7 | Hamdunah bint Harun al-Rashid | Sister-in-law |
| 8 | Fatimah bint Harun al-Rashid | Sister-in-law |
| 9 | Jafar ibn Musa al-Hadi | Brother |
| 10 | Al-Abbas ibn Musa al-Hadi | Brother |
| 11 | Abdallah ibn Musa al-Hadi | Brother |
| 12 | Ishaq ibn Musa al-Hadi | Brother |
| 13 | Isma'il ibn Musa al-Hadi | Brother |
| 14 | Sulayman ibn Musa al-Hadi | Brother |
| 15 | Musa ibn Musa al-Hadi | Brother |
| 16 | Umm al-Abbas bint Musa al-Hadi | Sister |
References
[edit]- ^ a b Rekaya 1991, p. 331.
- ^ Abbott 1946, pp. 157.
- ^ Gabrieli 1960, p. 437.
- ^ Kennedy, Hugh (1986). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates (2nd ed.). London and New York: Pearson Longman. pp. 148–150. ISBN 0-582-49312-9.
Sources
[edit]- Rekaya, M. (1991). "al-Maʾmūn". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 331–339. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
- Abbott, Nabia (1946). Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Hārūn Al Rashīd. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-86356-031-6.
- Ibn al-Sāʿī (2017). Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad
- Gabrieli, F. (1960). "al-Amīn". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 437–438. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0599. OCLC 495469456.