Jump to content

Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest
Turkey
Participating broadcasterTürkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT)
Participation summary
Appearances34 (33 finals)
First appearance1975
Last appearance2012
Highest placement1st: 2003
Host2004
Participation history
External links
Turkey's page at Eurovision.tv Edit this at Wikidata
For the most recent participation see
Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012

Turkey has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 34 times since its debut in 1975. The Turkish participant broadcaster in the contest is Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT). Turkey won the contest once in 2003, and hosted the 2004 contest in Istanbul. Since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004, Turkey has only failed to qualify for the final once, in 2011.

Turkey finished last on its debut at the contest in 1975, and went on to finish last with nul points in 1983 and 1987. They reached the top ten for the first time in 1986. "Dinle" performed by Şebnem Paker achieved the country's first top five result in 1997, finishing third. The country went on to achieve five more top five placements after the introduction of the free language rule and televoting, with "Everyway That I Can" by Sertab Erener giving Turkey its first victory in 2003. Turkey's other top five results are "For Real" by Athena (2004), "Shake It Up Şekerim" by Kenan Doğulu (2007), "Düm Tek Tek" by Hadise (2009), who all finished fourth, and "We Could Be the Same" by Manga (2010), who finished second.

TRT announced in December 2012 that it would not participate in the 2013 contest, citing dissatisfaction with the rules of the competition.[1] 2013 was the first time since 1979 that there was no television broadcast of the Eurovision Song Contest on TRT. The country has not returned to the contest since.[2][3]

History

[edit]

Türkiye Radyoları, the national radio broadcasting service of Turkey, was one of the founding members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) in 1950 along with other twenty-two broadcasting organisations; after beginning regular television broadcasts in December 1971, it would renew its EBU membership on 26 August 1972 fold as Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT). Its membership in the EBU is possible since Turkey is within the European Broadcasting Area and is a member of the Council of Europe.

As a full member of the EBU, TRT is eligible to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest. It had participated in the contest representing Turkey since its 20th edition in 1975 until the 57th edition in 2012. TRT televised the contest between 1973 and 2012, even during the years in which it did not enter the competition.

1970s

[edit]

Turkey made its debut at the 1975 contest in Stockholm. Greece did not take part in the contest for "unknown reasons" according to the EBU, but it was later revealed that the withdrawal was in protest of Turkey's debut and their invasion of Cyprus in 1974.[4][5] TRT organized a national final to select the first ever Turkish entrant to the Eurovision Song Contest. The final took place on 9 February 1975 in the studios of TRT and was hosted by Bülend Özveren. 106 songs were submitted for the national final.[6] The winning song, "Seninle Bir Dakika" ("A minute with you") by Semiha Yankı, was picked by averaging the ranks from the professional jury and people's jury. At the close of voting during the contest, the song received only three points from Monaco and placed last.

In 1976, Greece's entry to the contest aroused controversy due to its subject matter being the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. Turkey withdrew from the contest to protest the political background of Greece's entry, called "Panagia mou, panagia mou." Turkey televised the final on 3 April 1976 but censored the Greek entrant's performance. They played a nationalist Turkish song titled "Memleketim" ("My motherland", the Turkish cover of the Yiddish folk song "Rabbi Elimelekh"), which was one of the symbols of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in Turkey.

Turkey did not take part in the contest again until 1978, placing 18th with the song "Sevince" performed by Nazar and Nilüfer.[7]

The 1979 contest was held in Jerusalem. The Turkish entry selected was "Seviyorum" ("I'm in love") by Maria Rita Epik. However, Turkey withdrew from the contest due to pressure from neighboring Arab countries to do so, which arose from the ongoing controversy regarding the status of Jerusalem.[8]

1980s

[edit]

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest consistently throughout the 1980s. In 1980, Turkish superstar Ajda Pekkan and the song "Petrol" was selected by TRT through a national final. Pekkan placed 15th with 23 points, including the first ever score 12 points received by Turkey, coming from Morocco.

Turkey had their best result (until 1997) in the 1986 contest in Bergen, Norway, when Klips ve Onlar placed ninth with a total of 53 points. The country scored nul points twice in the eighties, first in 1983 (shared with Spain) and later in 1987. Several famous Turkish artists performed for the contest during the 1980s, including Ajda Pekkan, Neco, Candan Erçetin and MFÖ.

1990s

[edit]

The contest's popularity in Turkey suffered after Kayahan, one of the most famous singers in the country, placed 17th out of 22 participating countries with 21 points. After Kayahan's poor result, Turkey's Eurovision entrants were mostly unknown or amateur singers until 2003.

Şebnem Paker represented the country in two consecutive years. The first time being in 1996 where she qualified for the final and placed 12th, and the second in 1997 where she placed third, behind the UK and Ireland, with the song "Dinle" ("Listen"), sung in Turkish. This was the first time ever Turkey managed to make it in the top three and also it became the most successful result for the country until its victory in 2003. Şebnem Paker returned to the Turkish national final in 1998, but placed fourth and did not qualify for the contest as the Turkish participant for a third consecutive year. Tüzmen represented the country and placed 14th. Turkey participated throughout all of the 1990s except for the 1994 contest, from which they were relegated due to their 21st-place finish in 1993.

After the free language rule was re-introduced in 1999, the first Turkish entry to be partially sung in English was at the 2000 contest. The same year, Turkey reached the top 10 for a third since 1986, finishing tenth.

2000s and 2010s

[edit]
Sertab Erener (left) and Demir Demirkan (right), winning songwriters of the 2003 contest.

In the late 1990s to early 2000s, the contest became one of the most popular events in Turkey as a result of the participation of other Central and Eastern European countries, and Sertab Erener's win in 2003 with the song "Everyway That I Can". Following the introduction of televoting in 1998, (initially trialed in 1997 and first implemented in Turkey in 2003), Turkey went on to achieve eight top 10 results in the contest.

"Everyway That I Can" was the first Turkish entry in the contest to be sung completely in English. TRT selected the entry through an internal selection mainly organised by OGAE Turkey.

The 2004 contest was held in the Abdi Ipekci Arena, with the first-ever semi-final held on 12 May, followed by the final on 15 May. After Erener's victory (with the exception of the 2004 and 2005 contests), Turkish entries to the contest were chosen internally. Turkey had always qualified for the final (except for the 2011 contest in Düsseldorf) since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004 and always reached the top ten, except in 2005 and 2006. From 2000, Turkey had seven songs sung in English and four sung in both English and Turkish, with just three (2005, 2006, and 2008) songs sung entirely in Turkish.

Along with Greece, Turkey brought the contest a new outlook with flashy stage performances and dresses alongside their oriental/Mediterranean-flavoured pop music acts (Sertab Erener, Sibel Tüzün, Kenan Doğulu and Hadise). In 2004, 2008, 2010, and 2011, the country was represented by bands, most of them with rock-influenced songs with Ottoman, Eastern European and Balkan instruments. Athena ranked fourth in 2004, when the contest was held in Istanbul; Mor ve Ötesi ranked seventh with a song completely in Turkish in 2008 and the nu metal band Manga, named the Best European Act in the MTV Europe Music Awards 2009, ranked second in 2010. Yüksek Sadakat in 2011 placed 13th in the first semi-final of the contest and failed to qualify, marking the first and only time that Turkey failed to qualify for the final. In 2012, Turkey participated for the last time as of 2012 with the song "Love Me Back" by Can Bonomo, which placed seventh in the final with 112 points.

2013–present: Absence

[edit]

TRT announced that it would not participate in the 2013 contest on 14 December 2012, citing dissatisfaction with the rules of the competition.[1] TRT specifically cited changes to the voting system, in which a jury was introduced and the televote's influence was decreased to 50%.[9][10][11] Turkey has not participated in or broadcast the contest since.[12][13][14] In August 2018, İbrahim Eren, the Director-General of TRT, stated that TRT does not plan to return to the contest and break the boycott for various reasons, citing Conchita Wurst's participation and eventual victory in 2014.[15][16] The EBU and Eren entered talks on a potential Turkish return ahead of 2022 contest;[17] despite this, the country was not on the final list of participants.[18]

Participation overview

[edit]
Table key
1 First place
2 Second place
3 Third place
◁ Last place
X Entry selected but did not compete
Year Artist Song Language Final Points Semi Points
1975 Semiha Yankı "Seninle Bir Dakika" Turkish 19 ◁ 3 No semi-finals
1978 Nilüfer and Nazar "Sevince" Turkish 18 2
1979 Maria Rita Epik and 21. Peron "Seviyorum" Turkish Withdrawn X
1980 Ajda Pekkan "Pet'r Oil" Turkish 15 23
1981 Modern Folk Trio and Ayşegül "Dönme Dolap" Turkish 18 9
1982 Neco "Hani?" Turkish 15 20
1983 Çetin Alp and the Short Waves "Opera" Turkish 19 ◁ 0
1984 Beş Yıl Önce, On Yıl Sonra "Halay" Turkish 12 37
1985 MFÖ "Didai didai dai" Turkish 14 36
1986 Klips ve Onlar "Halley" Turkish 9 53
1987 Seyyal Taner and Grup Lokomotif "Şarkım Sevgi Üstüne" Turkish 22 ◁ 0
1988 MFÖ "Sufi (Hey Ya Hey)" Turkish 15 37
1989 Pan "Bana Bana" Turkish 21 5
1990 Kayahan "Gözlerinin Hapsindeyim" Turkish 17 21
1991 Can Uğurluer, Reyhan Karaca and İzel Çeliköz "İki Dakika" Turkish 12 44
1992 Aylin Vatankoş "Yaz Bitti" Turkish 19 17
1993 Burak Aydos, Öztürk Baybora and Serter "Esmer Yarim" Turkish 21 10 Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
1995 Arzu Ece "Sev!" Turkish 16 21 No semi-finals
1996 Şebnem Paker "Beşinci Mevsim" Turkish 12 57 7 69
1997 Şebnem Paker and Grup Etnik "Dinle" Turkish 3 121 No semi-finals
1998 Tüzmen "Unutamazsın" Turkish 14 25
1999 Tuba Önal and Grup Mistik "Dön Artık" Turkish 16 21
2000 Pınar and the S.O.S. "Yorgunum Anla" Turkish, English 10 59
2001 Sedat Yüce "Sevgiliye Son" Turkish, English 11 41
2002 Buket Bengisu and Group Safir "Leylaklar Soldu Kalbinde" Turkish, English 16 29
2003 Sertab Erener "Everyway That I Can" English 1 167
2004 Athena "For Real" English 4 195 Host country
2005 Gülseren and Shaman "Rimi Rimi Ley" Turkish 13 92 Top 12 in 2004 final[a]
2006 Sibel Tüzün "Süper Star" Turkish[b] 11 91 8 91
2007 Kenan Doğulu "Shake It Up Şekerim" English 4 163 3 197
2008 Mor ve Ötesi "Deli" Turkish 7 138 7 85
2009 Hadise "Düm Tek Tek" English 4 177 2 172
2010 Manga "We Could Be the Same" English 2 170 1 118
2011 Yüksek Sadakat "Live It Up" English Failed to qualify 13 47
2012 Can Bonomo "Love Me Back" English 7 112 5 80

Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest

[edit]
Further information: Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest
Artist Song Language At Congratulations At Eurovision
Final Points Semi Points Year Place Points
Sertab Erener "Everyway That I Can" English Failed to qualify 9 104 2003 1 167

Hostings

[edit]
Year Location Venue Presenters
2004 Istanbul Abdi İpekçi Arena Korhan Abay and Meltem Cumbul

Awards

[edit]

Marcel Bezençon Awards

[edit]
Further information: Marcel Bezençon Awards
Year Category Song Performer Final Points Host city
2003 Press Award "Everyway That I Can" Sertab Erener 1 167 Latvia Riga

Conductors

[edit]
Year Conductor[c] Notes Ref.
1975 Timur Selçuk [19]
1978 Onno Tunç
1979 Tuğrul Karataş [d]
1980 Atilla Özdemiroğlu [20]
1981 Onno Tunç
1982 Garo Mafyan
1983 Buğra Uğur
1984 Selçuk Başar
1985 Garo Mafyan
1986 Melih Kibar
1987 Garo Mafyan
1988 Turhan Yükseler
1989 Timur Selçuk
1990 Ümit Eroğlu
1991 Turhan Yükseler
1992 Aydın Özarı
1993 No conductor
1995 Melih Kibar
1996 Levent Çoker
1997
1998 Ümit Eroğlu

Commentators and spokespersons

[edit]

Prior to 2012 every contest Turkey had taken part in had always been commentated on by Turkish television presenter Bülend Özveren, with the exception of 1982–1985, 1990–1991, 1998–2001, and 2007. In addition Özveren also co-commentated the contest in 2004, 2011, and 2012. Out of the 38 years Turkey have broadcast the event Özveren has commentated on 29 of them making him nine years short of being the contest's longest commentator.

Year Channel Commentator Spokesperson Ref.
1973 TRT Televizyon Unknown Did not participate [21]
1974 [22]
1975 Unknown [23]
1976 Did not participate [24]
1977 Bülend Özveren [25]
1978 Unknown Meral Savcı [26][27]
1979 No broadcast Did not participate
1980 TRT Televizyon Bülend Özveren Unknown [28][29]
1981 Unknown [30]
1982 Ümit Tunçağ [31][32]
1983 Unknown [33]
1984 Başak Doğru Başak Doğru [34][35]
1985 Unknown Unknown [36]
1986 Gülgün Baysal [37][38]
1987 TV1 Unknown [39]
1988 [40]
1989 Bülend Özveren [41][42]
1990 Başak Doğru [43][44]
1991 Unknown Canan Kumbasar [45][46]
1992 Korhan Abay
[47]
1993 TRT 1 Bülend Özveren Ömer Önder [tr]
[48]
1994 Unknown Did not participate
[49]
1995 Ömer Önder
[50]
1996
[51]
1997 TRT 1, TRT Int
[52]
1998 Bülend Özveren Osman Erkan
[53]
1999 Gülşah Banda
[54][55]
2000 Ömer Önder
[56][57]
2001 Unknown Meltem Ersan Yazgan
[58]
2002 TRT 1 Ömer Önder
[59]
2003 TRT 1, TRT Int Bülend Özveren
[60]
2004 Unknown
[61][62]
2005 TRT 1
[63][64]
2006 Bülend Özveren
[65][66][67]
2007 Unknown
[68][69][70]
Hakan Urgancı
2008 TRT 1, TRT Int Unknown
[71][72]
TRT Türk (Final) Bülend Özveren
2009 TRT 1 Unknown
[73][74][75]
2010 Bülend Özveren
[76][77][78]
2011 Bülend Özveren and Erhan Konuk [tr] Ömer Önder
[79]
2012 TRT 1, TRT HD, TRT Türk, TRT Müzik, TRT Avaz
[80]
2013–2024 No broadcast Did not participate
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ According to the then-Eurovision rules, the top ten non-Big Four countries from the previous year along with the Big Four automatically qualified for the Grand Final without having to compete in semi-finals. For example, if Germany and France placed inside the top ten, the 11th and 12th spots were advanced to next year's Grand Final along with all countries ranked in the top ten.
  2. ^ The song was performed entirely in Turkish in the semi-final, and with an English chorus in the final.
  3. ^ All conductors are of Turkish nationality unless otherwise noted.
  4. ^ Karataş was announced as the Turkish conductor prior to their withdrawal.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Jiandani, Sanjay (14 December 2012). "Turkey will not go to Eurovision in Malmö". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Archived from the original on 2012-12-17. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  2. ^ Jiandani, Sanjay (7 November 2013). "Turkey: TRT will not participate in Eurovision 2014". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  3. ^ OGÜNhaber. "TRT, Eurovision'u yayınlamaktan vazgeçti!". OGÜN Haber - Günün Önemli Gelişmeleri, Son Dakika Haberler (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  4. ^ "EUROVISION SONG CONTEST 1975" (in Greek). OGAE Greece. Archived from the original on 2011-03-24. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  5. ^ Raycoff, Ivan; Robert Deayom Tobin (July 2007). A Song for Europe. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5878-8.
  6. ^ "TRT Eurovision". Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 7 February 1975. p. 10. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  7. ^ "Final of Paris 1978". Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  8. ^ "Türkiye, Eurovision Yarışması'ndan cekildi" [Turkey withdrew from the Eurovision Contest]. Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 6 March 1979. p. 14. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Türkiye Eurovision'da yok" (in Turkish).
  10. ^ "TRT won't accept the Big 5 and high participation fees".
  11. ^ "Why Have Turkey Withdrawn From Eurovision?". Archived from the original on 2017-09-01. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  12. ^ Jiandani, Sanjay (5 September 2014). "Turkey: TRT confirms no return to Eurovision in 2015". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  13. ^ Jiandani, Sanjay (3 November 2015). "Turkey: TRT confirms non participation in Eurovision 2016". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  14. ^ Jiandani, Sanjay (7 August 2017). "Turkey: TRT confirms non participation in Eurovision 2018". Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  15. ^ "TRT Genel Müdürü'nden Eurovision açıklaması". ABC Gazetesi. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  16. ^ "Turkey to return Eurovision 'if no more bearded divas'". Hurriyet. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  17. ^ Washak, James (2021-06-24). "Turkey: EBU Confirms Discussions With TRT Regarding Return to the Eurovision Song Contest". Eurovoix. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
  18. ^ "REVEALED: the 41 countries joining Eurovision in Turin 2022". Eurovision.tv. EBU. 20 October 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  19. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
  20. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  21. ^ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 7 April 1973. p. 6. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  22. ^ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 6 April 1974. p. 7. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  23. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 22 March 1975. p. 6. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  24. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 3 April 1976. p. 6. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  25. ^ "TV". Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 7 May 1977. p. 12. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  26. ^ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 22 April 1978. p. 9. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  27. ^ "Yirmi ülke yarısıyor Eurovision" [Twenty countries are competing in Eurovision]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 22 April 1978. p. 10. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  28. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 19 April 1980. p. 6. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  29. ^ "Bütün kalpler Eurovision Yarışması için atiyor «Haydi Ajda» Diyoruz..." [All hearts are beating for the Eurovision Contest, we say "Come on Ajda"...]. Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 19 April 1980. p. 8. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  30. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 4 April 1981. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  31. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 24 April 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  32. ^ Öztürk, Ümran (10 December 2017). "Ümit Tunçağ'la zamanda yolucuk" [Traveling through time with Ümit Tunçağ]. Vansesi Gazetesi (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  33. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 23 April 1983. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  34. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 5 May 1984. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  35. ^ "Haydi 'Halay'" [Come on 'Halay']. Renk (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 5 May 1984. p. 1. Retrieved 5 November 2024. Türkiye'de ise Başak Doğru anlatacak. [Başak Doğru will narrate in Turkey.]
  36. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 4 May 1985. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  37. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 3 May 1986. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  38. ^ "Bugünkü TV • Radio" [Today's TV • Radio]. Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 3 May 1986. p. 2. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  39. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 9 May 1987. p. 4. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  40. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 30 April 1988. p. 4. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  41. ^ "1. Gün / Cumartesi" [Day 1 / Saturday]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 6 May 1989. p. 7. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  42. ^ "Eurovision'a tepki" [Reaction to Eurovision]. Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 9 May 1989. p. 9. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  43. ^ "Televizyon-Radyo" [Television-Radio]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 5 May 1990. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  44. ^ "Tele görüş – Garip anlayış" [Television – Strange understanding]. Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 8 May 1990. p. 17. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  45. ^ "Televizyon-Radyo" [Television-Radio]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey. 4 May 1991. p. 6. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  46. ^ Ajans, Mak (3 May 1991). "Eurovision Türkiye jürisi" [Eurovision Turkey jury]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. p. 6. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  47. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 9 May 1992. p. 10. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  48. ^ "TV Magazin" [TV Magazine]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 15 May 1993. p. 23. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  49. ^ "TV Programları" [TV Programmes]. Cumhuriyet 2 (in Turkish). 30 April 1994. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  50. ^ "TV Programları" [TV programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 13 May 1995. p. 14. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  51. ^ "TV Programları" [TV programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 18 May 1996. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  52. ^ "TV Programları" [TV programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 3 May 1997. p. 16. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  53. ^ "Eurovision yarışması" [Eurovision contest]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 9 May 1998. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  54. ^ "TV Programları" [TV Programme]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 29 May 1999. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  55. ^ "Eurovision'da final gecesi" [Eurovision final night]. Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 29 May 1999. p. 30. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  56. ^ "TV Programları" [TV Programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 13 May 2000. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  57. ^ "İsveç'ten Eurovision heyecanı" [Eurovision excitement from Sweden]. Milliyet 2000 (in Turkish). 13 May 2000. p. 23. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  58. ^ "TV Programları" [TV Programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 12 May 2001. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  59. ^ "Eurovision finali" [Eurovision final]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 25 May 2002. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  60. ^ "48. Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması" [48th Eurovision Song Contest]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 24 May 2003. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  61. ^ "TV Programları – 12 Mayıs 2004" [TV Programmes – 12 May 2004]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 12 May 2004. p. 16. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  62. ^ "TV Programları – 15 Mayıs 2004" [TV Programmes – 15 May 2004]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 12 May 2004. p. 16. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  63. ^ "TV Programları – 19 Mayıs 2005" [TV Programmes – 12 May 2005]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 19 May 2005. p. 16. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  64. ^ "TV Programları – 21 Mayıs 2005" [TV Programmes – 21 May 2005]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 21 May 2005. p. 16. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  65. ^ "TV Programları – 18 Mayıs 2006" [TV Programmes – 18 May 2006]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 18 May 2006. p. 16. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  66. ^ "TV Programları – 20 Mayıs 2006" [TV Programmes – 20 May 2006]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 20 May 2006. p. 16. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  67. ^ Yüksel, Gülşen (22 May 2006). "'Finlandiya Eurovision ruhunu bozdu'" [Finland spoiled the spirit of Eurovision]. Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  68. ^ "TV Programları – 10 Mayıs 2007" [TV Programmes – 10 May 2007]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 10 May 2007. p. 16. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  69. ^ "TRT 1". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 12 May 2007. p. 11. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  70. ^ "Haydi Şekerim göster kendini" [Come on honey, show yourself]. Internet Haber (in Turkish). 12 May 2007. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  71. ^ "Tanıtım Programı 18 Mayıs'ta" [Promotion Program on May 18] (in Turkish). TRT. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  72. ^ "Eurovision 2008 Şarkı Yarışması Finali" [Eurovision 2008 Song Contest Final] (in Turkish). TRT. Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  73. ^ "TV Programları – 12 Mayıs 2009" [TV Programmes – 12 May 2009]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). p. 16. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  74. ^ "TV Programları – 14 Mayıs 2009" [TV Programmes – 14 May 2009]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). p. 16. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  75. ^ "Cumartesi ekranı" [Saturday display]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). p. 11. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  76. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 25 May 2010. p. 18. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  77. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 27 May 2010. p. 18. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  78. ^ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 29 May 2010. p. 18. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  79. ^ "TRT Televizyon" [TRT Television]. Trt.net.tr. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  80. ^ "Özveren'in veliahtı kim?" [Who is Özveren's crown prince?]. posta.com.tr (in Turkish). 15 April 2012. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkey_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&oldid=1258704684"