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Tulipa kaufmanniana

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Tulipa kaufmanniana
Tulipa kaufmanniana 'Giuseppe Verdi'
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Tulipa
Species:
T. kaufmanniana
Binomial name
Tulipa kaufmanniana
Synonyms[2]

Tulipa berkariensis Rukšans

Tulipa kaufmanniana, the water lily tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia.[2]

Description

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The tulip has a short stem, 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long,[3] making it a dwarf tulip.[4]

It has lance shaped leaves which may be plain green,[3] or blue-green.[5] They also often have purple markings on their leaves.[6]

It is one of the earliest tulips to bloom,[3][4] between February and April.[5]

The funnel-shaped flower,[3] has six pointy petals that open out like a star similar to water lilies, hence the common name.[5] They open very wide on sunny days.[4] They usually have outermost petals with a different colour than interior petals.[6] The long upright petals often have a flushed orange-red,[5] red or purple flush on the back of the petal.[3] Inside the petal, there may be a butter-yellow,[5] or yellow blotch and sometimes with further red markings.[3] There are also red, orange, pink and clear yellow forms too.[5]

After it has flowered it will form seeds.[7]

Taxonomy

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It is commonly known as the 'Water-lily Tulip'.[8] because the petals of the flower open out like a star or waterlily.[5][3][4]

The Latin specific epithet kaufmanniana refers to Konstantin von Kaufman (1818–1882) who was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan where the tulip was found.

It was first found in Turkestan,[9][10] and then published and described by Eduard August von Regel in his botanical magazine 'Gartenflora' Vol.26 on page 194 in 1877.[11][9][12] It was also published by Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. Vol.5. on page 265 in 1877.[9]

Distribution and habitat

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Tulipa kaufmanniana is native to temperate areas of Central Asia.[12] It has naturalised between southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia from Anatolia and Iran in the west to northeast of China.[7]

Range

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Tulipa kaufmanniana in the Botanical Garden, Copenhagen

It is found in Kyrgyzstan,[12] Tajikistan and in Kazakhstan.[5]

As well as found on the mountains of Tien-Shan,[5][13] the Pamir and Hindu Kush mountains.[7]

Habitat

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T. kaufmanniana grows in the wild on stony hillsides,[5] and steppes.[7]

Cultivation

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They are suitable to be grown in the rock garden, bed and borders.[4] It is suitable for growing in USDA Growing Zones: 3 to 8, in full sun and soils with medium moisture retention or well-drained soils.[10]

Seed germination of the tulip has been studied, and it was concluded that stratification for 7 weeks was more effective treatment on studied traits than 5 weeks. Moreover, cold stratification was a better treatment on breaking seed dormancy of the seeds.[7]

Cultivars

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Image of a Soviet Union postage stamp depicting Tulipa kaufmanniana.

They and their hybrids are placed in Group 12, the Kaufmanniana Group, by the Royal Horticultural Society.[6] Their leaves often have dashes and streaks of purple, which show the influence of Tulipa greigii in the breeding programmes.[3]

It was given the First Class Certification by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1897.[14]

The cultivars 'Ancilla', 'Early Harvest', 'Showwinner' (deep red[5]) and 'Stresa' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[15][16][17][18] Two other Group 12 cultivars are listed by the RHS as gaining the Award of Garden Merit, 'Alfred Cortot' and 'Glück'.[19][20]

Other known hybrids include 'Heart's Delight', a soft pink with an orange-yellow eye, the clear yellow 'Chopin' and white 'Concerto'.[5] In America, common cultivars include; 'Ancilla' soft pink, red and white flowers, 'Johann Strauss' rosy red and sulfur yellow blooms and 'Stresa' golden yellow with carmine red flowers.[4]

Culture

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In the 1960s, a postage stamp in CCCP (Russia), was issued with an image of the tulip.[21] Then in 1993, a postage stamp in Uzbekistan, within the Flowers series was issued with an image of the tulip.[22]

References

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  1. ^ Gartenflora 26: 194 (1877)
  2. ^ a b "Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Richard Wilford The Plant Lover's Guide to Tulips (2015), p. 62, at Google Books
  4. ^ a b c d e f The National Gardening Association; Bob Beckstrom, Karan Davis Cutler, Kathleen Fisher, Phillip Giroux, Judy Glattstein, Michael MacCaskey, Bill Marken, Charlie Nardozzi, Sally Roth, Marcia Tatroe, Lance Walheim and Ann Whitman Gardening All-in-One For Dummies (2003), p. 552, at Google Books
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lyte, Charles (27 Mar 2004). "How to grow: Water-lily tulips". The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  6. ^ a b c "Tulipa kaufmanniana (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e Rouhi, H. R.; Shakarami, K.; Tavakkol Afshari, R. (2010). "Seed treatments to overcome dormancy of waterlily tulip (Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel.)" (PDF). Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4 (9): 718–721. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  8. ^ "Tulipa kaufmanniana — Classifications". Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  9. ^ a b c "Liliaceae Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel". ipni.org. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  10. ^ a b McIntosh, Jamie (21 March 2020). "14 Tulip Varieties to Plant for Spring Blooms". The Spruce. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  11. ^ "Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  12. ^ a b c "Taxon: Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel". gringlobal.iita.org. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  13. ^ By Michael Fergus and Janar Jandosova Kazakhstan: Coming of Age, p. 59, at Google Books
  14. ^ "Wild Kaufmanniana". Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  15. ^ "Tulipa 'Ancilla' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Tulipa 'Early Harvest' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  17. ^ "Tulipa 'Showwinner' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  18. ^ "Tulipa 'Stresa' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Tulipa 'Alfred Cortot' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  20. ^ "Tulipa 'Glück' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  21. ^ "Welcome to Stamps Collector Catalogue, Water-lily tulip". stamps.livingat.org. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  22. ^ "Stamp › Tulipa kaufmanniana". colnect.com. Retrieved 8 April 2021.

Other sources

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  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
  • Christenhusz, J. M.. et al. 2013. Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172:280-328.
  • Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
  • Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  • Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  • Marasek-Ciolakowska, A. et al. 2012. Breeding and cytogenetics in the genus Tulipa. Floriculture, Ornamental and plant biotechnology: Advances and topical issues. Volumes I-V. Global Science Books., London. 6(Special issue):90-97.
  • Mathew, B. F. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  • Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van & T. de Vries. 1995. Species relationships and taxonomy in Tulipa subg. Tulipa (Liliaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 195:41.
  • Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–2000. European garden flora.
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