Tsui Kwo Yin

Tsui Kwo Yin^[1] (Traditional Chinese: 崔國因; Simplified Chinese: 崔国因; Hanyu Pinyin: Cuī Guóyīn) (1831–1909^[2]) was the Chinese Minister to the United States, Spain, and Peru from 1889 to 1893.^[3] Cui was born in what is today Huangshan City, Anhui Province.^[2] The details of his life are not well known beyond a diary that he wrote chronicling his time as Minister.^[3]

Cui has generally not been a well-regarded figure in historical accounts. Liang Jian, a historian at Yunnan Normal University, writes that "because he could not speak English, had an introverted personality, and was inept at social intercourse, [Cui] became the butt of jokes and a gossip topic".^[4] Historian Michael Hunt believes that Cui was "a lackluster diplomat", because he did not consistently advocate for concrete policies that would assist Chinese citizens living in the United States following the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.^[5]

References

^ "TSUI KWO YIN'S DANGERS; THE CHINESE MINISTER GOING HOME IN DISGRACE". The New York Times. 1893-01-16.
^ ^a ^b Liang, Jian (2009). "崔国因护侨述略". Journal of Anqing Teachers College (Social Science Edition). 28 (1): 63.
^ ^a ^b Xue, Fucheng; Helen Hsieh Chien; Douglas Howland (1993). The European diary of Hsieh Fucheng: Envoy Extraordinary of Imperial China. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-312-07946-8.
^ Liang, 63.
^ Hunt, Michael (1983). The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 113.

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[1] "TSUI KWO YIN'S DANGERS; THE CHINESE MINISTER GOING HOME IN DISGRACE". The New York Times. 1893-01-16.

[Anqing-2] Liang, Jian (2009). "崔国因护侨述略". Journal of Anqing Teachers College (Social Science Edition). 28 (1): 63.

[Xue-3] Xue, Fucheng; Helen Hsieh Chien; Douglas Howland (1993). The European diary of Hsieh Fucheng: Envoy Extraordinary of Imperial China. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-312-07946-8.

[4] Liang, 63.

[Hunt-5] Hunt, Michael (1983). The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 113.

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v t e Chinese ambassadors to the United States
Qing minister 1875–1912	Chen Lanbin 1875–81 Cheng Tsao-Ju 1881–85 Zhang Yinhuan 1885–89 Tsui Kwo Yin 1889–93 Yang Yü 1893–96 Wu Tingfang 1896–1902 Liang Cheng 1902–07 Wu Tingfang 1907–09 Zhang Yintang 1909–11 Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1911–12
Republic of China Envoy 1912–35	Zhang Yintang 1912–13 Xia Xiefu 1913–15 V. K. Wellington Koo 1915–20 Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1920–29 Wu Chaoshu 1929–31 Yan Huiqing 1931–33 Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1933–35
Republic of China Ambassador 1935–79	Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1935–36 Chengting T. Wang 1936–38 Hu Shih 1938–42 Wei Tao-ming 1942–46 Wellington Koo 1946–56 Hollington Tong 1956–58 George Yeh 1958–61 Tsiang Tingfu 1961–65 Zhou Shukai 1965–71 James Shen 1971–79
People's Republic of China Liaison Office Chief 1973–79	Huang Zhen 1973–77 Chai Zemin 1978–79
People's Republic of China Ambassador 1979–present	Chai Zemin 1979–82 Zhang Wenjin 1983–85 Han Xu 1985–89 Zhu Qizhen 1989–93 Li Daoyu 1993–98 Li Zhaoxing 1998–2001 Yang Jiechi 2001–05 Zhou Wenzhong 2005–10 Zhang Yesui 2010–13 Cui Tiankai 2013–21 Qin Gang 2021–23 Xie Feng 2023-present

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