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Tsarevna Miladinova

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Tsarevna Miladinova-Alexieva
A photograph of the Bulgarian educator Tsarevna Miladinova.
Born1856
Struga, Ottoman Empire
Died1934
Sofia, Bulgaria
Occupation(s)Educator, founding director of the Bulgarian Girls' High School of Thessaloniki

Tsarevna Miladinova-Aleksieva (Bulgarian: Царевна Миладинова; 1856–1934) was a Bulgarian educator who became a driving force behind girls' education in what was then the Ottoman Empire, known for her role in founding the Bulgarian Girls' High School of Thessaloniki.

Early life and education

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Tsarevna Miladinova was born in 1856 in Struga, a town in what is now North Macedonia.[1][2]

Her father was Dimitar Miladinov, an influential folklorist and activist in the Bulgarian national movement, and she would share his Bulgarian nationalist views throughout her life.[1][3]

When she was a child, the Russian consul noticed her reading during church services, and he offered to bring her with him to Russia to pursue her education.[4] After taking him up on his offer, she graduated from a girls' high school in Kyiv, becoming one of various female members of the intelligentsia educated in Russia at that time.[1][5]

Career

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A photograph of Tsarevna Miladinova, the founder of the first Buglarian girls' school in Thessaloniki, with teachers and students at the school.
Tsarevna Miladinova, the founder of the first Bulgarian girls' school in Thessaloniki, with teachers and students in the 1882–1883 school year. She is in the middle of the middle row.

After finishing school, Miladinova returned to Bulgaria and worked as a teacher while helping to found girls' schools across the region, including in Shumen, Etropole, Svishtov, and Prilep.[1]

She taught a special class for girls within a boys' school in Shumen in the mid-1870s.[4] Then, after working in Svishtov for a period, she gave up her position there to move to Thessaloniki, in what is now Greece, where efforts at educating young Bulgarians were beginning.[6] She lived in Thessaloniki from 1882 to 1913,[3] and she is best known for her work at the Bulgarian Girls' High School of Thessaloniki, which she co-founded.[1] She was the first director of the school, which opened in 1882.[7][8]

Miladinova was one of Bulgaria's best-known teachers of the period,[9] and in her later years her writings on her life and ideas appeared in various regional magazines.[3]

Death and legacy

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Miladinova died in 1934 in Sofia, Bulgaria.[2][10]

Her writings were first compiled and published posthumously as Epoha, zemya i hora in 1939.[3] An updated version with unpublished manuscripts and documents was then published under the same title in 1985.[3][9][11][12]

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Tsarevna Miladinova-Alexieva (1856-1934)". Women and the Transfer of Knowledge in the Black Sea Region. 2018. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
  2. ^ a b Prévot, Fabienne. "Alexieva MILADINOVA". La Dictionnaire universel des créatrices. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
  3. ^ a b c d e Miladinova, Elisaveta; Radkova, Rumyana (1985). "Foreword". ЕПОХА, ЗЕМЯ И ХОРА, Из българското минало - по издадени и неиздадени ръкописи на Царевна Миладинова-Алексиева (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Patriotic Front.
  4. ^ a b Daskalova, Krassimira (2017-01-30). "Developments in Bulgarian Education: from the Ottoman Empire to the Nation-State and beyond, 1800-1940s". Espacio, Tiempo y Educación. 4 (1). doi:10.14516/ete.163. ISSN 2340-7263.
  5. ^ Goodman, J.; Rogers, R.; Albisetti, J. (2010-05-10). Girls' Secondary Education in the Western World: From the 18th to the 20th Century. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-10671-0.
  6. ^ MacDermott, Mercia (1978). Freedom or Death. The Life of Gotsé Delchev. The Journeyman Press.
  7. ^ Bozeva-Abazi, Katrin (February 2003). "The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s". McGill University.
  8. ^ Izvestii︠a︡ na Instituta za istorii︠a︡ (in Bulgarian). Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii︠a︡ na naukite. 1981.
  9. ^ a b Gavrilova, Raĭna; Gavrilova, Rajna D. (1999). Bulgarian Urban Culture in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 978-1-57591-015-4.
  10. ^ "Царевна Миладинова-Алексиева от Струга, Вардарска Македония - "Народна поезия на България"". Strumski Library and Publishing House (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2021-04-08.
  11. ^ "ПОХА, ЗЕМЯ И ХОРА, Из българското минало - по издадени и неиздадени ръкописи на Царевна Миладинова-Алексиева". Books about Macedonia (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2021-04-08.
  12. ^ Livezeanu, Irina; Zirin, Mary Fleming (2007). Women and Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia: A Comprehensive Bibliography. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-2444-4.
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