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Trolleybuses in Lugano

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Lugano trolleybus system
Lugano trolleybus no. 126 in 1994.
Operation
LocaleLugano, Switzerland
Open25 April 1954 (1954-04-25)[1]
Close28 June 2001 (2001-06-28)[2]
StatusClosed
Routes4 (max)
Operator(s)1954–1969:
Azienda Comunale del Traffico (ACT);
1969–1999:
Azienda Comunale dei Trasporti della Città di Lugano (ACT);
2000–2001:
Trasporti Pubblici Luganesi (TPL)
Infrastructure
Electrification1,000 V DC
Overview

The Lugano trolleybus system (Italian: Rete filoviaria di Lugano) was a trolleybus system that formed part of the public transport network of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, for nearly half a century. Opened in 1954,[1] the system had progressively replaced the Lugano tramway network by 1959, and was significantly expanded between 1975 and 1981. However, it was closed in 2001, and the overhead wires had been completely removed by the summer of 2002.

At its height, the system consisted of four lines. From its opening until the end of 1999, it was operated by Azienda Comunale dei Trasporti della Città di Lugano (ACT) (which was called the Azienda Comunale del Traffico (also ACT) until 1969). Trasporti Pubblici Luganesi S.A. (TPL) took over on 1 January 2000.[3]

History and routes

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Ex-Lugano trolleybus 205 in service in Brașov in 2006

The Lugano trolleybus system was one of the last trolleybus systems to be opened in Switzerland. Only the Montreux/Vevey system (1957) and the Schaffhausen system (1966) were opened later.

Initially, the Lugano system was made up only of routes converted from tramway lines. The first trolleybus route, opened on 25 April 1954, ran from the centre of Lugano to Cinque Vie, which is located in a hilly area. Another trolleybus route was put into operation in the autumn of 1959, between central Lugano and Castagnola. At the end of that year, a route to Paradiso was opened (its turning loop was put into operation a year later). Also in 1959, a route was opened to Cornareda, at which a trolleybus depot was built. Not until 1963, with the opening of the Massagno–Crocifisso route (later extended to Vezia), did the system expand to include a route that had not previously been powered by overhead wires.

Following a reorganisation of the system in 1972, the system's network, consisting of three routes with a cumulative length of 13.4 km (8.3 mi), was:

1/2 Castagnola–Centro–Paradiso Cross-city route
3/4 Breganzona–Centro–Pregassona Cross-city route
5/6 Centro–Massagno–Savosa–Vezia Radial route

In 1975, ACT built an extension from Cinque Vie to Breganzona. A year later another new section was opened: the route to Cornareda was extended to the new quarter of Pregassona, which is located on a hill above the city. In 1980, a new trolleybus depot was built, and connected to this extension. The old depot became the local workshops of a transport company. The last new trolleybus route to be opened in Lugano was an extension of the Crocifisso route to Vezia.

Until 1993, each route was assigned two different numbers, one of which was displayed by vehicles running in one direction, the other by vehicles travelling in the opposite direction. In 1993, this relatively uncommon practice was discontinued.[4] Thereafter, the trolleybus routes were as follows:[5]

1 Castagnola– city centre – Paradiso Cross-city route
3 Piazza Manzoni (city centre) – Pregassona Radial route
4 Piazza Manzoni – Breganzona Radial route
5 Piazza Manzoni – Vezia Radial route

In 2000, the new operator, TPL, decided to close the system. The last day of trolleybus operation was Thursday, 28 June 2001, with trolleybuses running on routes 3 and 5 on the final day.[2] Route 1's trolleybuses had been replaced by motorbuses a few weeks earlier, due to road construction.[2] Use of trolleybuses on route 4 had ended some time earlier.

One of the main reasons given for the decision to close the system was its worn-out fleet. The other was the system's high voltage (see section below), given that few or no manufacturers were interested in supplying new trolleybuses capable of operating at such a high voltage.[3] The same problem had also been cited several years earlier,[6] and by at least 1995 ACT had begun considering closure of the system.[7] Another reason for the closure is that maintenance of the system's vehicles and infrastructure had been run down in the 1990s. As a result, the Federal Office of Transport had started to grant only temporary operating authorizations, and continued operation would have been subject to various conditions.

After the closure of the system, trolleybuses 201 and 203–209 were sold to a dealer of used buses and trolleybuses in Romania, who in turn sold them to the city of Brașov in Romania,[8] where they operated in service for several more years, the last ones being withdrawn around 2010.[9] Nos. 101, 112, 124 and 126 were acquired by the Trolleybusverein Schweiz (Swiss Trolleybus Society) (TVS) for preservation, as was the FIAT catenary maintenance truck no. 67, built in 1963.[10]

Fleet

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The following 36 trolleybuses were procured for the Lugano trolleybus system over the course of its life:

Numbers Quantity Manufacturer Electrical equipment Built Configuration Notes
101–103 03 FBW / Ramseier + Jenzer SAAS 1954 Two-axle Withdrawn 1975.
104–113 10 FBW / Bosia SAAS 1960 Two-axle Nos. 104–111 and 113 withdrawn 1975; no. 112 used for driver training from 1988.
114–117 04 FBW / Ramseier & Jenzer / Lepori SAAS 1966 Two-axle No. 116 ended its service as a spare parts donor.
118–121 04 Volvo / Hess SAAS 1974 Two-axle Two vehicles ended their service as spare parts donors.
122–125 04 Volvo / Hess SAAS 1975 Articulated
126–127 02 FBW / Hess SAAS 1966 Two-axle Taken over from Altstätten–Berneck trolleybus system in 1978 (nos. 6 and 7 on that system).
201–206 06 Vetter [de] BBC 1985–87 Articulated No. 202 withdrawn in December 1992 after fire.
207–209 03 Vetter ABB 1987–88 Two-axle

Unusual voltage

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An unusual feature of the system was that it was energised at an unusually high 1,000 V DC, the voltage previously used by the tramway network. In both cases, the reason for the higher than usual voltage was that it avoided voltage problems at crossing points with three railways, the Lugano–Tesserete railway, the Lugano–Cadro–Dino railway and the Lugano–Ponte Tresa railway.

Trolleybuses are normally built to run at voltages of 600 V or 750 V, and Lugano's high voltage was very non-standard. It was one of only three Swiss systems to use 1,000 V or higher – the others being the rural Altstätten–Berneck system, which closed in 1977, and the 1,100 V[11] Thun–Beatenbucht trolleybus system [de] (STI), which closed in 1982 – and Lugano's was the last trolleybus system anywhere to use that voltage.[1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia, pp. 73, 85. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. ISBN 0-904235-18-1.
  2. ^ a b c Trolleybus Magazine No. 240 (November–December 2001), pp. 140–141. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
  3. ^ a b Trolleybus Magazine No. 236 (March–April 2001), pp. 25, 47. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
  4. ^ Dölling, Gerhard (1993). Strassenbahnatlas Schweiz 1993 [Swiss Tramway Atlas 1993], pp. 64–65. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Strassenbahn e.V. ISBN 3-926524-13-8.
  5. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 194 (March–April 1994), p. 55.
  6. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 198 (November–December 1994), pp. 163–164.
  7. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 203 (September–October 1995), p. 138.
  8. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 252 (November–December 2003), p. 135. National Trolleybus Association (UK).
  9. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 318 (November–December 2014), p. 160. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
  10. ^ Trolleybusverein Schweiz (Swiss Trolleybus Society) (TVS). Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  11. ^ Coppex, Jean-Philippe (2008). Les trolleybus régionaux en Suisse / Die Schweizer Überlandtrolleybusse [The Swiss Interurban Trolleybuses]. Genève: Verlag Endstation Ostring. pp. 27, 31–33. ISBN 978-3-9522545-3-0. (in French and German)
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