Italian landing helicopter dock Trieste
 Trieste at Castellammare di Stabia, Italy in 2020
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Italy | |
| Name | Trieste |
| Namesake | Trieste, a city and seaport in northeastern Italy |
| Awarded | 3 July 2015 |
| Builder | Fincantieri, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy |
| Cost | € 1.171 billion[1] |
| Yard number | 6260[4] |
| Laid down | 20 February 2018[2] |
| Launched | 25 May 2019[3] |
| Sponsored by | Laura Mattarella |
| Commissioned | Spring 2024 (Projected)[5] |
| Identification | Pennant number: L9890 |
| Status | Sea trials[6] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Landing helicopter dock[7] |
| Displacement | 38,000 t (37,000 long tons) full load[8] |
| Length | |
| Beam | 47 m (154 ft 2 in) |
| Depth | 7.2 m (23 ft 7 in) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed |
|
| Range | 7,000 nmi (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) to 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
| Endurance | 30 days |
| Complement |
|
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Electronic warfare & decoys | integrated EW System by Elettronica Spa with RESM/RECM/CESM and ELINT/COMINT capabilities |
| Armament |
|
| Aircraft carried | usually 12 × AgustaWestland AW101 or combination with SH90A, AgustaWestland AW129D and F-35B |
| Notes |
|
Trieste is a multi-purpose aircraft carrier-landing helicopter dock (LHD) of the Italian Navy, it will be the largest vessel in the Italian fleet. It was ordered as part of the 2014–2015 naval program and was built at the Castellammare di Stabia shipyards of Fincantieri. It is to replace the aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Project and construction
[edit]As part of the units planned under the 2014–2015 naval law, the new multi-role/multi-function amphibious ship has a full load displacement of approximately 38,000 tons and an overall length of about 245 meters (803 ft 10 in), making it the largest unit in the fleet. The innovative design is inspired by the style adopted by the British Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers. In fact, it features two distinct islands, the first (at the bow) for navigation and the second (at the stern) for the management and control of flight operations. This configuration serves a triple purpose, providing a greater visual range, more space on the flight deck, and a smoother and more efficient management of various activities.[citation needed]
The flight deck has a length of 230 meters (754 ft 7 in) and a width of 36 meters (118 ft 1 in), with a total of nine spots for aircraft. It is equipped with two 15-by-15-meter (49 by 49 ft) aircraft elevators with a maximum capacity of 42 tons.[citation needed]
According to the provided data, the ship is equipped with a floodable well deck below the hangar, which allows the use of amphibious vehicles such as Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM), rigid-hull inflatable boats (RHIB), Landing Craft Air Cushion hovercraft, L-CAC, and the most innovative rapid amphibious landing vehicles (L-CAT) used by NATO and European navies. Unlike the aircraft carrier Cavour, which has a single reconfigurable hangar not floodable for vehicle transport, this unit has, below the flight deck, two additional decks, one of which is a hangar with an area of 2,300 m2 (25,000 sq ft) and 530 linear meters for vehicle parking with removable bulkheads to reach 2,600 m2 (28,000 sq ft), connected to a lower deck of 2,200 m2 (24,000 sq ft), divided into a garage of 700 m2 (7,500 sq ft) with 253 linear meters for vehicle parking and a floodable 55 by 15 m (180 by 49 ft) well deck, sized for the entry of four LCM-1E or one LCAC.[citation needed]
Like Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi, Trieste also features a ski-jump on the flight deck to facilitate the takeoff of STOVL F-35B aircraft, as reported in the technical specifications, maintaining secondary air capability to be used in case of necessity when Cavour is not available.[citation needed]
The propulsion group has two shafts with variable-pitch five-bladed propellers and two balanced spade rudders, two retractable stabilizer fins, two forward thrusters, and one aft thruster, ensuring greater maneuverability in confined spaces compared to just rudders/propellers.[citation needed]
The first steel plate was cut on July 12, 2017, at the Fincantieri shipyard in Castellammare di Stabia, and a little over seven months later, on February 20, 2018, the keel was laid at the shipyard's slipway, marking the start of the ship's construction. The ship was launched and christened on May 25, 2019, in the presence of the President Sergio Mattarella, with his daughter serving as the ship's godmother. The first sea trial took place on August 12, 2021, off the coast of La Spezia. Three Fincantieri shipyards were involved: the hull was constructed in Castellammare di Stabia, the outfitting was carried out in Muggiano, and the hull maintenance was performed in Palermo.[citation needed]
Weaponry
[edit]The unit is equipped with state-of-the-art weapon systems.
Regarding the artillery compartment, it includes:
- 3 multi-role Otobreda 76/62 guns (two at the bow and one at the stern) of the Super Rapid MF Davide type, with guided ammunition and provision for the new Vulcano ammunition.
- 3 remotely controlled OTO Melara 25/80 gun turrets equipped with a 25 mm Oerlikon KBA cannon (25x137mm).
- 2 OTO Melara ODLS-20 rocket launchers for launching underwater and aerial decoys.
The missile compartment includes:
- Provision for four vertical launch systems (VLS Sylver) with eight cells each (two at the bow and two at the stern), for a total capacity of 32 Aster 15/30 missiles.
The sensor section boasts advanced technologies as well:
- PAR SPN-720, a precision approach radar, a 3D volumetric system capable of tracking 300 tracks and 12 targets simultaneously, with a range exceeding 200 km (120 mi).
- Radar Kronos Power Shield (AESA in L-band), a multifunction surveillance system with a range of 1,500–2,000 km (930–1,240 mi).
- IFF SIR-M-PA, a secondary radar for ship and aircraft identification.
- Dual-band Radar Kronos (DBR AESA 4FF): C-band (Kronos Quad - Fitted For) and X-band (Kronos StarFire).
- TACAN AN-553/N, for precision approach and sending information to aircraft in flight.
- "Zeus" EWS (Electronic Warfare System), developed by Elettronica SpA, equipped with a solid-state GaN TRX-based electronic attack subsystem. The EW component is integrated with a Radar Emitter Locator (RE), Radar Countermeasures (RCM), and Radio Communications Countermeasures (RCCM), effective in both open sea and coastal waters. It provides advanced maritime surveillance and situational assessment through ELINT and COMINT, along with an algorithm SEI.
- Automatic combat operations direction system SADOC 4.
Air power
[edit]The ship features a flight deck measuring 230 by 36 metres (755 by 118 ft), covering an area of approximately 7,400 m2 (80,000 sq ft), with nine takeoff spots for heavy helicopters or F-35B fighter jets. Flight deck operations are controlled from the aft island. In full operational conditions, the ship can carry a total of 30–34 aircraft in various combinations of jets and helicopters. In fact, with an area of 2,600 m2 (28,000 sq ft) (compared to the 2,500 m2, 27,000 sq ft of Cavour), is designed to accommodate a maximum of 14 aircraft, also in various configurations. There are two 15-by-15-metre (49 by 49 ft) elevators at the stern each with a maximum load of 42 tons.
Amphibious capabilities
[edit]The ship's amphibious capabilities are highly advanced, and they serve as the primary weapon of the unit.
The second deck, below the hangar, with an area of 2,300 m2 (25,000 sq ft), features a floodable well deck measuring 55 by 15 m (180 by 49 ft), designed to accommodate four LCMs, referred to as LC23, or one LCAC / LCAT.
The LCMs will be able to transport 1 Ariete tank, 5 Iveco LMV Lynx vehicles, or 1 Centauro, 1 Freccia, or 300 soldiers.
Hospital
[edit]The ship will also be equipped with a fully equipped hospital, including operating rooms, radiology and analysis laboratories, a dental clinic, and a ward for 28 seriously ill patients, covering a total area of 700 m2. Additional beds will be accommodated in specially prepared container modules.
In May 2019, the ship was launched at the Castellammare di Stabia shipyards and transferred to La Spezia for final outfitting. The initial delivery was expected by 2022, but it was later postponed to the end of 2023. The construction phase involved over 300 workers, while the installation and completion phase is expected to engage 800 people.[13]
See also
[edit]- Italian Naval Aviation
- Spanish landing helicopter dock Juan Carlos I, a ship of similar class
References
[edit]
- ^ "Il Progamma Navale per la Tutela della Capacita' Marittima della Difesa" (in Italian). Corte dei Conti. 23 December 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ "Castellammare di Stabia: Slipway Works Start On The Multipurpose Amphibious Unit (LHD)" (Press release). Fincantieri. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ "Fincantieri: The Multipurpose Amphibious Unit "Trieste" Launched In Castellammare di Stabia" (Press release). Fincantieri. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Peruzzi, Luca (20 November 2023). "Italian MoD's Defence Planning Document 2023-2025: New Naval And Joint Programs". Naval News. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "New Landing Helicopter Dock LHD Trieste for Italian Navy conducts sea trials". navyrecognition.com. 15 August 2021.
- ^ "Marina militare, la "nave umanitaria" si trasforma in portaerei. Ed esplodono i costi. Taciuti al Parlamento". Ilfattoquotidiano.it (in Italian). 14 April 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- ^ "Iniziano le prove in mare per nave Trieste" (in Italian). Retrieved 17 August 2021.
- ^ Di Feo, Gianluca (25 May 2019). "Trieste, la nave di pace che si trasforma in super-portaerei". Repubblica.it (in Italian). Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ "The Defenders" (PDF). Fincantieri. 20 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ a b RID 9/2017 p. 71
- ^ "Land & Naval Radars" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
- ^ "Nave Trieste in arrivo. Per l'allestimento serviranno 800 operai" (PDF).
