Trevose Head Lighthouse
 Trevose Head Lighthouse | |
 | |
| Location | Trevose Head Cornwall England |
|---|---|
| OS grid | SW8507876563 |
| Coordinates | 50°32′57″N 5°02′07″W / 50.549246°N 5.035173°W |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1847 |
| Built by | James Walker  |
| Construction | masonry tower |
| Automated | 1995 |
| Height | 27 m (89 ft) |
| Shape | cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to the keeper's house |
| Markings | white tower and lantern |
| Operator | Rural Retreats[1] [2] |
| Heritage | Grade II listed building |
| Fog signal | 2 blasts every 30s. |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1 December 1847 |
| Focal height | 62 m (203 ft) |
| Lens | 1st order fixed catadioptric (1847-1912); 1st order rotating 3-panel catadioptric (1912-2023) |
| Light source | LED lantern (2024-) |
| Intensity | 279,000 candela |
| Range | 18 nmi (33 km; 21 mi) |
| Characteristic | Fl W 7.5s. |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Trevose Lighthouse |
| Designated | 20 May 1988 |
| Reference no. | 1212769 |
Trevose Head Lighthouse is a lighthouse on Trevose Head on the north Cornish coast at grid reference SW850766 lying to the WSW of Padstow[3] and was sited here as there was previously no light from Land's End to Lundy[4] and it would be visible from Cape Cornwall to Hartland Point.[5]
The tower is 89 feet (27 m) tall, and has a range of 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi), but, on a clear night, you can just spot the light from Pendeen Lighthouse, over 35 miles (56 km) away.[citation needed]
History
[edit]
Construction
[edit]The site was surveyed by order of the Trinity Board in July 1844 with a design submitted that November and approved February 1845. Building began in that May with the laying out of the road and contract entered into with the builders the next month.[4] During gales on 20–21 November 1846 scaffolding attached to the tower was blown away.[6]
After completion of the first tower, it was determined that the light was under certain circumstances liable to be mistaken by mariners. A second lower light[7] was therefore proposed and (the decision having been taken in June 1847) it was constructed, 50 feet in front of the first light, with a covered passage between them for use by the lighthouse keepers.[4] Only the first built 'high' light now remains.
Designed by engineer James Walker[7] the two original lights, 'high' and 'low', were constructed under the supervision of Henry Norris[7] by builders Jacob & Thomas Olver of Falmouth.[8][4][7] They were provided with a pair of first-order fixed optics by Henry Lépaute of Paris[7] and each had an oil lamp with 4 concentric wicks manufactured by Messrs. Wilkins & Co. of Long Acre.[4][7]
The light was first lit on 1 December 1847.[7][9]
Later developments
[edit]In 1882, under Engineer-in-Chief James Douglass, the 'high' light was changed to an occulting light, now with a six-wick lamp, and the 'low' light was put out of use.[10] Under the new arrangement the high light was eclipsed (for three seconds) three times in quick succession every minute.[11]
From 1911 a series of further improvements were made. First, the keepers' dwellings were upgraded.[10] Then, in 1912 the light was again updated and the current rotating optic (weighing 3.6 tons) was installed.[12] At the same time, the addition of a red filter to the lamp meant that (as from 1 August 1912) the lighthouse displayed one short red flash every five seconds.[13]
Work also began on installing a fog signal: a 5-inch siren attached to a 36-foot-long acoustic horn, which came into service in 1913; it was nicknamed 'Lord Rayleigh's trumpet' after its designer, the eminent physicist and acoustician.[14] The trumpet and siren were built on to the roof of a new engine house, containing a pair of Hornsby oil engines, the air compressor, reservoirs and other equipment.
In 1920 a paraffin vapour burner replaced the oil lamp; it continued to show one red flash every 5 seconds.
The fog signal equipment all remained in service until 1963, when the trumpet and siren were replaced by a set of eight 'supertyfon' air horns mounted in a metal turret on top of the engine house. New diesel engines and Reavell compressors were provided.[14] The light was electrified in 1974.[10]
In 1995 the lighthouse was automated and became unmanned.[15] The red colour was removed from the light at this time and the rotation speed of the optic was slowed.[10] By this stage the engine house was suffering cracking due to erosion; with automation a new fog signal was installed (a stack of electric emitters placed at the foot of the lighthouse) whereupon the old engine house was demolished.[14]
The fog signal was decommissioned in 2012.[16] In 2023 the revolving optic was removed, having been in service for over 110 years.[17] It was replaced by a fixed LED lantern, which now produces the required flash. At the same time nominal range of the light was reduced from 21 to 18 nautical miles.[18]
The former keepers' cottages (arranged in two semi-detached pairs) are nowadays available to rent as holiday accommodation.[19]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Southwest England (Devon and Cornwall)". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Trevose Head Lighthouse Trinity House. Retrieved April 24, 2016
- ^ "New Lighthouse on Trevose Head". The Sailors' Magazine. December 1847. p. 284. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
- ^ a b c d e "The Illustrated London News". 16 October 1847.
- ^ "Royal Cornwall Gazette". 3 November 1843. p. 8.
Trevose Head is the only proper position for such lighthouse, as it is visible from all the coast between Cape Cornwall and Hartland Point
- ^ "Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette". 26 November 1846. p. 2.
The storm on Friday and Saturday last...much of the scaffolding attached to the Trevose Lighthouse was blown away
- ^ a b c d e f g "Lighthouse management : the report of the Royal Commissioners on Lights, Buoys, and Beacons, 1861, examined and refuted Vol. 2". 21 December 1861. pp. 92, 93.
- ^ "Royal Cornwall Gazette". 13 June 1845. p. 3.
FALMOUTH EXPRESS...Messrs. Olver, builders, of this town, have taken a contract to build the intended Lighthouse on Trevose Head, near Padstow, which is to be completed in about 11 months.
- ^ "Woolmer's Exeter and Plymouth Gazette". 11 December 1847. p. 8.
The new light-house so long talked of on Trevose Head has at length been completed...The light was first exhibited on 1st instant.
- ^ a b c d "Trevose Head Lighthouse". Trinity House. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
- ^ London Gazette, Issue 25148, Page 4307, 19 September 1882
- ^ Woodman, Richard; Wilson, Jane (2002). The Lighthouses of Trinity House. Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts.: Thomas Reed. pp. 96–97.
- ^ Notices to Mariners, 1912. Washington: U.S.A. Navy Department. Bureau of Equipment: Hydrographic Office. 1913. p. 831.
- ^ a b c Renton, Alan (2001). Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals. Caithness, Scotland: Whittles.
- ^ "Trinity House - Trevose Head". Archived from the original on 29 May 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ^ "Trevose Head and Tater Du fog horns switched off". BBC News. 26 January 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
- ^ Briggs, Paul (Spring 2024). "Cornish lighthouses given upgrade". Flash - The Trinity House Journal (40): 16–19. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ "22/2023 Trevose Head Lighthouse (Trinity House Notice to Mariners, 31/08/2023)". Trinity House. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ "Trevose Head Lighthouse". cornwall guide. 14 May 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
External links
[edit]
- Trevose Head at Trinity House (official website).
- Video tour of the lighthouse by former keeper P. Halil (1993 & 1995).
| Authority control databases: Geographic |
|---|