Tornadoes of 1998

Tornadoes of 1998

Damage from the F5 Birmingham, Alabama tornado
Timespan	January – December 1998
Maximum rated tornado	F5 tornado Birmingham, Alabama on April 8 Lawrence County, Tennessee on April 16
Tornadoes in U.S.	1,424
Damage (U.S.)	$1.72 billion
Fatalities (U.S.)	130
Fatalities (worldwide)	>380

This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1998, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes, however by the 1990s tornado statistics were coming closer to the numbers we see today.

Synopsis

Fatal United States tornadoes in 1998

class=notpageimage| Approximate touchdown location of killer tornadoes in 1998

Summary of tornadoes February 22 – Florida (1 death) February 22 – Florida (3 deaths) February 22 – Florida (13 deaths) February 22 – Florida (25 deaths) March 20 – Georgia (12 deaths) March 20 – North Carolina (2 deaths) March 29 – Minnesota (1 death) March 29 – Minnesota (1 death) April 1 – Virginia (2 deaths) April 8 – Alabama (32 deaths) April 8 – Alabama (2 deaths) April 8 – Georgia (1 death) April 9 – Georgia (2 deaths) April 9 – Georgia (4 deaths) April 16 – Arkansas (2 deaths) April 16 – Tennessee (2 deaths) April 16 – Tennessee (1 death) April 16 – Kentucky (2 deaths) April 16 – Tennessee (3 deaths) April 16 – Kentucky (1 death) April 16 – Tennessee (1 death) May 7 – South Carolina (1 death) May 10 – South Carolina (1 death) May 15 – Minnesota (1 death) May 30 – South Dakota (6 deaths) May 31 – Pennsylvania (1 death) June 2 – Pennsylvania (2 deaths) June 27 – Ohio (1 death) September 3 – South Carolina (1 death) September 10 – Louisiana (1 death) October 17 – Texas (1 death) October 18 – Texas (1 death) Total fatalities: 130

The 1998 tornado season saw record numbers of tornadoes and also the most fatalities since 1974 (surpassed in 2011). A number of tornado events resulted in large loss of life. In February, a series of tornadoes caused 42 fatalities in Florida. In March, a tornado killed 12 in Georgia. In April an F5 tornado killed 32 in the Birmingham, Alabama area (no stranger to killer tornadoes). By year's end, 130 people had been killed in the United States.

Events

Confirmed tornado total for the entire year 1998 in the United States.

Confirmed tornadoes by Fujita rating

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	Total
0	883	382	116	35	6	2	1424

January

There were 47 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in January.

January 7-8 (United Kingdom)

At 23:49 on 7 January, a waterspout made landfall on the west side of Selsey Bill before travelling east until it reached the sea on the other side of the bill. Whilst it was on land, the tornado caused £5-10 million in damage as it went through the town of Selsey in West Sussex. It was rated T3 on the TORRO scale, with T4 possibly reached in some places. A second tornado was later formed by the same storm further down the coast in Peacehaven, East Sussex, over 55 km (34 mi) away.

February

There were 72 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in February.

February 2–3

February 2–3

Tornadoes confirmed	21
Max. rating1	F2 tornado
Areas affected	Florida
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

February 9–12

February 9–12

Tornadoes confirmed	23+
Max. rating1	F3 tornado
Areas affected	Southeastern United States and Eastern Texas
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

The Storm Prediction Center issued an extremely rare February high risk day for February 10. A rare derecho then affected parts of Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, producing widespread damaging winds and 22 tornadoes.

February 15–17

February 15–17

Tornadoes confirmed	72
Max. rating1	F2 tornado
Areas affected	Southeastern United States, Gulf coast
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

February 22–23

Main article: 1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	7	3	2	3	0	0

The deadliest tornado event in Florida history struck in Late-February. 42 people were killed and 260 were injured. The previous record for the highest tornado death toll in Florida history was 17 on March 31, 1962.

March

There were 72 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in March.

March 7–9

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	14	9	3	0	0	0

A large storm system produced 26 tornadoes across the southeast. In addition, heavy snow was reported in Chicago and heavy rain caused flooding.

March 20

Main article: 1998 Gainesville–Stoneville tornado outbreak

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	3	4	3	2	0	0

A deadly tornado outbreak struck portions of the Southeastern United States on March 20. Particularly hard hit was Gainesville, Georgia, where at least 12 people were killed in an early morning F3 tornado. The entire outbreak killed 14 people and produced 12 tornadoes across three states with the town of Stoneville, North Carolina also being hard hit by the storms.

March 28

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	3	2	1	0	0	0

An F2 tornado touched down at approximately 5:25 AM in the town of Mattoon, Illinois. Winds reached around 152 miles per hour and damaged over 90 homes damaged and eight homes and six businesses were destroyed. Tornado Warnings were in effect but had expired at 5:00 AM leaving no warning from tornado sirens or trained spotters in the field. Unusually, the tornado spawned at the back end of a storm instead of the front. At least three people were injured.

March 29

Main article: 1998 Comfrey–St. Peter tornado outbreak

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	6	3	5	1	1	0

An unseasonably-strong tornado outbreak affected the Upper Midwest on March 29. 16 tornadoes struck across the region—14 in Minnesota and two in Wisconsin. 13 of the tornadoes in Minnesota were spawned by a single supercell thunderstorm. Two people were killed, and 21 others were injured. Most of the damage was caused by three tornadoes: an F4 tornado that hit the town of Comfrey, Minnesota, an F3 tornado that struck St. Peter, Minnesota, and an F2 tornado that hit Le Center, Minnesota.

April

There were 182 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in April.

April 6–9

Main article: Tornado outbreak of April 6–9, 1998

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	39	13	7	2	0	1

An extremely violent F5 tornado started North of Kellerman, Alabama and traveled through Northern Jefferson County, before dissipating in Northern Pratt City. The F5 tornado produced catastrophic damage in Oak Grove, McDonald Chapel, and the small community of Edgewater. The same supercell that spawned the Birmingham F5 spawned an F2 that continued into neighboring St. Clair County, killing two people. A high-end F2 tornado struck Dunwoody, Georgia, a northern suburb of metro Atlanta late on April 8, striking parts of DeKalb and Gwinnett Counties. It is one of the strongest and most damaging tornadoes ever recorded to have hit the area.

In all, 62 tornadoes touched down from the Midwestern United States and Texas to the Mid-Atlantic. The outbreak was responsible for at least 41 deaths, with seven in Georgia and 34 in Alabama.

April 15–16

Main article: Tornado outbreak of April 15–16, 1998

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	25	17	10	7	3	1

A two-day tornado outbreak affected portions of the Midwestern United States, Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys on April 15–16, with the worst of the outbreak taking place on the second day. On that day, at least 10 tornadoes swept through Middle Tennessee—three of them touching down in Nashville, causing significant damage to the downtown and East Nashville areas. Nashville became the first major city in nearly 20 years to have an F2+ tornado make a direct hit in the downtown area.

In addition, the outbreak produced several other destructive tornadoes in Middle Tennessee. One of them, southwest of Nashville, was an F5 tornado—one of only two ever recorded in the state. That tornado remained mainly in rural areas of Wayne and Lawrence Counties. Other tornadoes during the 2-day outbreak struck Arkansas, Alabama, Illinois and Kentucky.

12 people were killed by tornadoes during the outbreak, including two in Arkansas, three in Kentucky, and seven in Tennessee.

May

There were 310 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in May.

May 4

Two rare, anticyclonic tornadoes struck Los Altos and Sunnyvale in Santa Clara County, California (Silicon Valley).

May 7

A tornado outbreak in the Southeast spawned 20 tornadoes in North Carolina, including an F3 tornado in Clemmons and an F4 tornado in Caldwell County.

May 15

Main article: May 15, 1998 Minnesota storms

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	0	5	0	0	0	0

A large squall line with embedded supercells crossed much of Minnesota, producing large hail, destructive downburst winds, and five weak, but damaging F1 tornadoes, which killed one and injured 31. In all, the storms caused $1.5 billion (1998 USD) in damage.

Another separate storm in Iowa spawned several tornadoes including a dusty F3 tornado that impacted Lone Tree, causing significant damage and injuring 19 people 17 in Johnson County and 2 in Downey, Iowa.

May 30–31

Main article: Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	7	8	3	0	1	0

A historic tornado outbreak and derecho began on the afternoon of May 30 and lasted into the next day. It affected a large portion of the northern half of the United States and Southern Ontario from Southeastern Montana east-southeastward to the Atlantic Ocean. The initial tornado outbreak, including the devastating Spencer tornado, hit Southeast South Dakota on the evening of May 30. The Spencer tornado was the most destructive and second deadliest tornado in South Dakota history. 13 people were killed; seven by tornadoes and six by the derecho, and damage was estimated to be at least $500 million. Over two million people lost electrical power, some for up to 10 days.

June

There were 376 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in June.

June 2

Main article: Tornado outbreak of June 2, 1998

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	15	22	7	2	1	0

The most significant tornado outbreak in recent history over the east-central United States occurred on June 2. This severe weather event spawned a total of 50 tornadoes from New York to South Carolina and caused an estimated $42 million in damage, 80 injuries and two fatalities. For portions of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, it was the second historic severe weather outbreak in three days, as it immediately followed the Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho on May 30–31, which spawned 41 tornadoes over New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Vermont, caused an estimated $83 million in damage, 109 injuries and one fatality.

June 13

Main article: Tornado outbreak of June 13, 1998

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	32	10	3	0	0	0

June 13 saw over 40 tornadoes touchdown in the United States, primarily across Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. Significant tornadoes include an F2 which struck Downtown Sabetha, Kansas, and four tornadoes which struck the North Oklahoma City area.

June 23

A very large F2 tornado occurred in the open countryside near Columbus, Nebraska, slowly churning through fields and destroying a few farmsteads. One house was blown off its foundation.

June 29

Main article: Corn Belt derecho

Along with a long-lived derecho that affected areas from South Dakota to Iowa, 20 tornadoes were reported, one of which was an F2 tornado, injuring 85 people in central Iowa. Over eight states, the derecho and associated tornadoes killed one person and injured 174.

July

There were 82 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in July.

August

There were 61 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in August. On August 23, a tornado hit Egg Harbor, causing an estimated $6.5 million in damages.

September

There were 104 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in September.

September 24–30

Main article: Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	26	20	1	0	0	0

Hurricane Georges triggered a six-day tornado outbreak as it moved through Southeastern United States. Most of the tornadoes produced by the storm formed in the outer bands of the storm and were relatively weak; however, one F2 tornado touched down in Florida. The outbreak produced 47 tornadoes—20 in Alabama, 17 in Florida and 10 in Georgia—and was the most extensive tornado event in Florida history, with touchdowns reported throughout the entire length of the state.

October

There were 86 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in October.

October 4

Main article: 1998 Oklahoma tornado outbreak

FU	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
0	11	9	8	1	0	0

October 4 saw 29 tornadoes touch down in the United States, 26 of which struck Oklahoma. The day was Oklahoma's largest October tornado outbreak on record. Thunderstorms initially developed over Northwestern Oklahoma during the mid-to-late afternoon hours. The first tornado, rated F2, touched down in Southeastern Woods County to the south-southwest of the town of Dacoma. The tornado then tracked northeast, causing damage to an abandoned house and destroying a barn and garage. Entering Alfalfa County, the tornado then destroyed an office building and a gas plant and blew the roof off a nearby modular home. Multiple witnesses reported this multiple-vortex tornado to have been at least a quarter of a mile wide. The second tornado, rated F0, touched down southeast of Cherokee in Alfalfa County where it was spotted by a county sheriff's deputy. An F0 tornado was spotted by a state trooper and was on the ground for less than one minute near SH-11 west of Medford and caused no known damage.

November

There were 26 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in November.

December

There were 6 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in December.

December 15 (South Africa)

An F2 tornado hit Umtata, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Roofs and walls were torn from some structures. Eleven people died when the wall of a bus station collapsed.

See also

• Tornado
  • Tornadoes by year
  • Tornado records
  • Tornado climatology
  • Tornado myths
• List of tornado outbreaks
  • List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
  • List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
  • List of 21st-century Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
  • List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
  • List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks in Asia
  • List of Southern Hemisphere tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
  • List of tornadoes striking downtown areas
• Tornado intensity
  • Fujita scale
  • Enhanced Fujita scale

External links

• U.S. tornadoes in 1998 - Tornado History Project
• Storm Data "1998 Annual Summaries" (NCDC)
• U.S. Killer Tornadoes of 1998 (The Tornado Project)
• Tornado deaths monthly (University of Nebraska, Lincoln)