Torix (annelid)
| Torix | |
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| T. cotylifer. The scale bar is equal to 1 millimetre (0.039 in) | |
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| Genus: | Torix Blanchard, 1893
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| Type species | |
| Torix mirus Blanchard, 1893
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| Species | |
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disputed, see text
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Torix is a genus of Rhynchobdellid leeches in the family Glossiphoniidae, found in Eastern Asia and Japan.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Rana japonica, the Japanese brown frog, is the main host of T. tagoi.[8]
Rickettsia bacterial infection
[edit]Two members of the genus, T. tagoi and T. tukubana, show high percentages of Rickettsia infection in the wild; 96% and 83% respectively, according to a 2003 study.[8] Eggs of T. tagoi were found to all contain the bacteria, indicating the bacteria is almost always passed on to the next generation (vertical transmission).[8] It was found that infected leeches grew far larger than those uninfected with the bacteria.[8] Another paper concluded that the Rickettsia that acted as endosymbionts in the leeches represented a separate clade of Rickettsia, named the torix clade.[9][10] As T. tagoi feeds on the blood of amphibians such as frogs and newts, it is possible that those amphibians were the route of horizontal transmission.[9]
Species
[edit]
The number of species the genus contains is somewhat disputed between taxonomic databases and scientific papers.
- Torix cotylifer Blanchard, 1898[11][12]
- Torix mirus Blanchard, 1893 [11][12]
- Torix novazealandiae (Dendy & Olliver, 1900) [11]
- Torix orientalis (Oka, 1925) [11][12]
- Torix tagoi (Oka, 1925)[11][12]
- Torix tukubana (Oka, 1935) [11][12]
Torix baicalensis was moved to the genus Glossiphonia.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ "Genus Torix". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ "ADW: Torix: CLASSIFICATION". animaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ Zicha, Ondrej. "BioLib: Biological library". www.biolib.cz. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser (Torix)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ "Torix Blanchard, 1893". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Torix Blanchard, 1893". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ "NZOR Name Details - Torix". www.nzor.org.nz. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ a b c d Kikuchi; Fukatsu (30 June 2003). "Rickettsia Infection in Natural Leech Populations". Microbial Ecology. 49 (2): 265–271. doi:10.1007/s00248-004-0140-5. PMID 15965725. S2CID 9375808 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ a b Kikuchi, Yoshitomo; Sameshima, Shinya; Kitade, Osamu; Kojima, Junichi; Fukatsu, Takema (Feb 2002). "Novel Clade of Rickettsia spp. from Leeches". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (2): 999–1004. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.2.999-1004.2002. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 126704. PMID 11823253.
- ^ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser (Rickettsia endosymbiont of Torix tukubana)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ a b c d e f Sasaki, Akio (2015). "First Record of Torix tagoi（Oka, 1925）in Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture" (PDF). Natural History of the Tokai District (in Japanese) (8): 5–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 Oct 2022.
[This genus has 7 species (T. mirus Blanchard，1893- T. baicalensis Schegolev, 1922- T. cotylifer Blanchard, 1898- T. orientalis (Oka, 1925) ・ T. tagoi (Oka, 1925) - T. tukubana (Oka, 1935) ・ T. novazealandiae (Dendy and Olliver, 1925). (Sawyer, 1986).]
- ^ a b c d e f Kambayashi, Chiaki; Kurabayashi, Atsushi; Nakano, Takafumi (2020-08-11). "Topotype-based redescription of the leech Torix tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniiformes: Glossiphoniidae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 133 (1): 59. doi:10.2988/20-00003. ISSN 0006-324X.
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