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Toni Castells
Castells performing at Bush Hall, London
Background information
BornBerga
OriginBarcelona, Spain
GenresPost-Genre, Classical Crossover, New Age, Neo-classical, Ambient, Electronica, Video-Opera
Occupation(s)Composer, producer, educator, environmentalist.
Instrument(s)Piano, guitar, clarinet, electronics.
Years active2006–present
LabelsSony Music Entertainment, Interstellar Music, Instant Attraction Records, Decca, AZ Records
Websitewww.tonicastells.com

Toni Castells (born in Berga, Spain) is an independent artist and composer known for his eclectic and transcendental music that defies traditional boundaries and genres. Currently based in London, Castells’ work blends elements of classical crossover, new age, neo-classical, ambient, and electronica to create music that invites listeners on a journey through expansive, dreamlike worlds, much like the evocative scores of Zimmer and the contemplative pieces of Richter. His innovative approach has led to collaborations with renowned artists and performances at prestigious venues worldwide.[1][2][3]

His music has been described as "Massive Attack meets Mendelssohn" by Ben Roberts from the music industry magazine London Tourdates and "Morricone meets Satie" by Michael Haas, producer of prize-winning recordings with major classical artists including Zubin Mehta, Mstislav Rostropovich, Daniel Barenboim, Cecilia Bartoli and Luciano Pavarotti. US label Magnatune described it as "Puccini meets Sigur Rós".[4]

In addition to his musical career, Castells is a PhD candidate in biomedical engineering, exploring the therapeutic potential of music. His research focuses on the effects of sound on heart rate variability and chronic stress, with a particular interest in music’s role in psychedelic therapy for treating chronic depression. He also shares his expertise as a lecturer on Music Technology at the London College of Music and Imperial College London.[5][6]

Early Music Career

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Castells entered music school aged 4. Aged 6 Castells was certified as ‘gifted’ and featured in Maria Teresa Gomez Masdevall’s academic book High Capacities in Boys and Girls: detection, identification and integration in school and family.[7] Aged 6 Castells started learning classical guitar as his main instrument while teaching himself to play the piano when practice rooms were empty. He studied clarinet later on his life. Aged 14 Castells went on to study at the Conservatori Municipal de Música de Barcelona, receiving third prize ‘ex-aequo´ at the St. Joan de Vilatorrada Composition Prize with Imatges, an experimental piece for flute and piano. Also aged 14, Castells started his first pop band with friends of his childhood music school playing the keyboards. The band was initially called Korrefok and later changed its name to Herzia. The band got signed in 1998 by Spanish independent label AZ Records. Heriza’s debut album Coses que Passen (AZ Records 1999) was named best Catalan rock album of 1999 by specialised music magazine Popular 1.[8]

La Salle and Music Lan Studios

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In 1994 Castells joins La Salle University to undertake a BSc and MSc in Electronic Engineering, graduating with Distinction. One of his lecturers was studio owner Joan Trayter, founder of Grammy-Award winning Music Lan recording studios in Avinyonet de Puigventós, in Northern Spain, who asks Castells to join the studios as an engineer. During the 2 years Castells stayed at the studios he worked with many celebrated Catalan and Spanish artists, bands and producers such as Lluís Llach, Peret, Jarabe de Palo, Enrique Bunbury, Loquillo, Andrés Calamaro, Macaco, Ojos de Brujo, Elefantes, Sopa de Cabra, Quimi Portet, Gossos, Micky Forteza-Rey, Suso Sáiz and Jon Caffery. Castells also worked on the album Unsterblich by German punk-rock band Die Toten Horsen.[8]

London and Momo

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In 2000, Castells moved to London, where he worked as a recording and mixing engineer for José María Cano of the Spanish pop group Mecano.[2] Castells worked on Cano's debut solo album JoseCano (Muxxic 2000), recording and editing the lead vocals and mixing the album. In 2002 Castells worked with Cano again, recording and mixing the new Centenary Anthem for Real Madrid CF called Hala Madrid!, featuring Plácido Domingo and composed by Cano himself to celebrate the Spanish football club's centenary.[9] In 2001 Castells secured a job as an assistant recording engineer at the Royal College of Music, where he worked until 2006. There, he had the opportunity to work and record the RCM Symphony Orchestra under conductors such as Lorin Maazel, Bernard Haitink and Roger Norrington.[8]

In 2004 Castells started Momo, a music project that merged popular music with classical influences, merging operatic voices with downtempo beats. Momo's debut album Unharmed was released independently on 23 October 2006 and featured soprano Amelia Whiteman and Spanish singer Elisabeth Rodergas (better known as Beth), who had represented Spain at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2003 finishing in eighth position and who famously Terry Wogan referred to as the "Kylie Minogue in dreadlocks".[10] The album also featured Dublin-born singer Roberta Howett, who finished in ninth place in the first UK series of television talent show The X Factor in 2004. The album reached the iTunes Top 20 download charts upon its release.[11]

Castells premiered a live adaptation of Unharmed at Bush Hall in London on 13 July 2007 in collaboration of the Sacconi Quartet and visual content from British photographer Conor Masterson. During 2007 and 2009 Castells performed the show in the UK and Spain in collaboration with Icelandic photographer Maria Kjartans, performing at The Stables in Milton Keynes, Roxy Bar and Screen in London, FNAC in Barcelona and at the Mercat de Música Viva in Vic, Spain.[8]

Famous Jack

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In 2009 Castells created Famous Jack, according to Castells "a creative vehicle through which to explore new music genres and new ways of performing music".[8] Inspired by British post-punk New Wave artists, American Counterculture singer-songwriters and electro-psychedelic artists such as MGMT, Castells entered the London Gig Circuit. Castells used his own voice and performed solo over self-made backing tracks, sometimes accompanied by a female percussionist. Castells dressed androgynously with gold clothing and face paint.[8]

Throughout 2009 and 2011 Castells performed as Famous Jack at music venues such as The Dublin Castle, The Water Rats, The Troubadour, 93 Feet East, Hoxton Underbelly, Windmill Brixton, The Bull & Gate, The Cobden Club, Bar Music Hall Shoreditch, Roadtrip Old Street, The Haverstock Arms, 333 Old Street, The Legion, The Garage, The Hope & Anchor, Monkey Chews and The Camden Head. Castells released two studio albums as Famous Jack, Famous Jack (2009) and Superstar (2011).[8]

The London Trilogy

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The London Trilogy is a body of 3 works created by Castells during 2012 and 2018 inspired by the Law of Impermanence, the First Dharma Seal (primary characteristic or principle) in Buddhist philosophy.[8] The Law of Impermanence is the teaching that everything in material or relative existence is impermanent. That is, everything has a beginning, a middle, and an ending, and that suffering occurs when we do not accept this principle.[12] Castells mentions as inspiration Greek philosopher Heraclitus' quote: "No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it's not the same river and he's not the same man."[13]

Castells reflects in the trilogy the 3 main phases of this life cycle: birth or expression, growth or experimentation and death or integration/transcendence.[8] Castells states how he uses studio albums as a preparatory phase to create his compositions, using them as sketches and studies of the final compositions. The 3 works of the London Trilogy are created for bespoke mixed ensembles of acoustic instruments, electronics, mixed voices and choir, with each of the pieces having its own unique ensemble configuration.[14] The London Trilogy was not composed in chronological order, first two works reflect on birth and death with the latter work reflecting on life itself.[8]

Life from Light (2012)

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'Light from Life' is a chamber video-opera that premiered at the Union Chapel in London on November 15, 2012.[14] Castells deviates from the traditional operatic form and his compositions largely take the form of an oratorio, including multimedia and video art elements taking inspiration from Steve Reich's video-operas.[14]

Toni Castells performing "Life from Light" at Union Chapel in London in 2012.

‘Life from Light’ was inspired by an eponymous chapter of the 2012 BBC nature documentary series ‘How To Grow A Planet’, in which Professor Iain Stewart describes the mechanisms and evolutionary forces that allowed life to appear on planet Earth, finally paving the way for human civilisation.[14] Castells states that the piece revolves around the Charles Darwin quote "the impossibility of conceiving this immense and wonderful universe, including man with his capacity for looking far backwards and far into futurity, as the result of blind chance or necessity".[15] Thus, the question about our ultimate origin and purpose becomes the central theme of the piece, a question through which Castells explores what it means to be human, our relationship with our planet and the natural world, and on how our actions are creating irreversible damage to both.[14]

Toni Castells and his ensemble rehearsing for the performance of "Life from Light" at Kings Place in London in 2014.
Soprano Meeta Raval and ensemble performing "Life from Light" at Kings Place in London in 2014.

The work also features some graphic depictions of sex, as well as lines taken directly from Wikipedia pages on the subject of sex.[3] Sexual reproduction is seen by Castells as central to the evolutionary forces that have forged life and human civilisation.[14] Some observers have seen in the piece the intention of providing a level of sex education that can appeal to youth in different cultures, with the aim of raising awareness on the increasing banalisation of sex and sexual intercourse amongst young people.[16][17]

'Life from Light' was readapted in 2014 by invitation of Tete-a-Tete Opera and, sponsored by the Arts Council England, was performed over two nights at London's Kings Place Hall One on August 7 and 8, 2014.[18]

2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal? (2016)

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‘2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal?’ is a composition for small chamber ensemble, electronics, two voices and choir that premiered at St. James's Piccadilly in London on July 6, 2016.[19] A private performance was held at Cowdray Park on July 9, 2016.[20] Again the composer deviates from the traditional operatic form combining operatic voices with elements of popular music, downtempo electronica and sound art.[21] The piece was written for soprano, countertenor, piano trio and mixed choir and features sonifications of light curves captured by NASA’s Kepler space observatory.[1][22]

Toni Castells and his ensemble performing "2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal" at St. James's Piccadilly in London in 2016.

“2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal” was originally an article published on Time Magazine in 2011 by Lev Grossman.[23] The article features computer engineer and futurologist Ray Kurzweil, Director of Engineering at Google Inc., describing the advent of Technological Singularity, a new era in which man and machine will finally merge allowing us to prolong life indefinitely, effectively making man immortal.[23] Through this paradigm of the future Castells explores our bad relationship with death and the efforts of our technocratic society to overcome it.[21] Through the piece this view is juxtaposed to the one of philosopher Alan Watts who in his teachings argued that in nature's game there's a purpose to dying, that it is not natural for us to wish to prolong life indefinitely and that the idea that death is a terrible thing is a tremendous disease from which our culture in particular suffers.[24] Castells states that the piece allowed him to overcome his own fear of death.[21]

Hhumann X (2018)

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'Hhumann X' is a composition for small chamber ensemble, electronics, two voices and choir that premiered at LSO St. Luke's on 20 October 2018.[25] The composition was inspired by the findings of the Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness published in December 2014 that stated that in the UK over 9 million adults often or always feel lonely.[26][27] The piece is an exploration of social isolation in an era of technological hyper-connectedness and its premiere featured More Than Just a Choir, a community choir based in North London that works with people suffering from mental illness and social isolation.[28] Castells stated: “I like to raise awareness about the double-edged effects of modernisation upon Western society and loneliness is one of these big issues.” [27] The premiere received the support of the Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust.[29]

For the premiere of ‘Hhumann X’ at LSO St Luke's in 2018, Castells collaborated with Spanish pianist José Menor, violinist Harriet MacKenzie and soprano Honey Rouhani.[14] José Menor was nominated the same year for a Latin Grammy Award on the Best Classical Album category for ‘Enrique Granados: Goyescas’ (IBS Classical 2018).[30][31]

Toni Castells and his team preparing the premiere of "Hhumann X" at LSO St Luke's in London in 2018.

Artistic Collaborations

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Oceanic Global - World Oceans Day at the United Nations in New York (2023)

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In 2023 Castells was commissioned by Leah d’Auriol, founder of Oceanic Global to write the music for the 2023 World Oceans Day event entitled 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing'. The hybrid event was hosted by the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs (DOALOS), in partnership with Oceanic Global and supported by Panerai, with contribution by Discover Earth at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City and was broadcast live on UNWorldOceansDay.org and supporting channels for global accessibility.[32][33]

Burgs - Endless Blue Skies (2023)

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Castells collaborated with meditation teacher Burgs, founder of the organisation The Art of Meditation, on his album Endless Blue Skies. Castells provided music to the tracks 'Time to Remember' and 'Mother and Daughter Clear Light'. Burgs was trained extensively in the Jhana practices by Pa Auk Sayadaw in Burma and in Dzogchen by His Holiness Dodrupchen Rinpoche in Sikkim India.[34]

Cyril de Commarque - Artificialis at the Saatchi Gallery (2019)

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In 2019 Castells collaborated with artist Cyril de Commarque creating the soundscape for his multi-media installation ‘Artificialis’. As part of its special Artist-In-Residency programme, the Saatchi Gallery presented the piece alongside another multi-media installation by Kate Daudy both created as a response to 'Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh' inviting the viewer to contemplate notions of legacy and transition.[35]

This exhibition from IMG Exhibitions featured over 150 authentic tomb objects, with many appearing outside of Egypt for the first and last time. It ran from March 2018 to May 2020, touring North America, France and the United Kingdom. Before coming to London, 'Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh' attracted more than 1.3 million visitors in Paris, becoming the most-visited exhibition in French history.[36] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the exhibition in London closed early on March 20, 2020, and the artifacts were returned to Egypt on August 28 of that year instead of continuing on to Boston and Sydney. A new permanent exhibition for the treasures is being constructed at the Grand Egyptian Museum in Cairo so this is the last time the contents of the tomb will be displayed outside of Egypt.[37]

Liam Hodges - Catwalk OST for Mutations in the 4th Dimension (2019)

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In 2018 Castells collaborated with British fashion designer Liam Hodges to create the soundtrack of Hodge's presentation at London Fashion Week of his 2019 Fall/Winter collection entitled ‘Mutations in the 4th Dimension’ in January 2019.[38] The soundtrack featured reworked arrangements of Castells's Hhumann X which were performed live by soprano Honey Rouhani.[8]

Catty Pearson - Songwriting for Time Tells Me (2017-2018)

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Through 2017 and 2018 Castells started a writing collaboration with British singer-songwriter Catty Pearson, co-writing some of the songs of her 2018 independently released debut EP ‘Time Tells Me’. The EP was produced by Chris Kimsey, best known for his work producing The Rolling Stones, and recorded at legendary Olympic Sound Studios.[39]

Hayley Westenra - American TV Appearance with Naturaleza Muerta (2013)

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In 2013, Decca Records commissioned Castells to coach crossover artist Hayley Westenra for a forthcoming TV appearance on American TV with Greek tenor Mario Frangoulis to perform a crossover version of Naturaleza Muerta, hit track by Spanish composer José María Cano and first released by Spanish pop band Mecano in 1991.[8][40]

Noah Stewart - Sting's Field of Gold Spanish Adaptation (2012)

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In 2011, leading classical label Decca Records commissioned Castells to translate Sting’s hit song Fields of Gold into Spanish.[8] The translation was entitled Campos de Oro and was included in American tenor’s Noah Stewart self-titled debut crossover album Noah, which was released in 2012 under Decca Records.[41] Castells also became Noah’s vocal coach for this particular track, which we recorded at Metropolis Studios in London.[8] Noah became the first black musician ever to top the UK Classical Album Chart when his album Noah reached number one and remained there for 7 weeks.[42]

Plácido Domingo and José María Cano - Real Madrid CF Centenary Anthem (2000-2003)

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In 2002 Castells worked with José María Cano recording and mixing the new Centenary Anthem for Real Madrid CF called Hala Madrid!, featuring Plácido Domingo and composed by José María Cano himself to celebrate the Spanish football club's centenary in 2002.[9]

Music, Art and Philanthropy

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Castells has been involved a variety of events that combine music, art and philanthropy. He created Buy Music, Get Art in 2008. For the project, held at Maddox Arts in Mayfair, a work of contemporary art by Norwegian artist based in Los Angeles Edvarda Braanaas entitled Ceci n'est pas Une Fille was sold in shares through a limited edition CD.[14] Another Castells project was Love in the Sky. Launched on June 30, 2009 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, the exhibition featured collaborative works from a collection of artists, which were auctioned off that night to benefit Coram, a charity for underprivileged children. More than £8,000 was raised.[1] He is also the founder of Xmas Rocks for Charity, a fundraising concert that took place in December 2007 at the Notting Hill Community Church to raise money for Depression Alliance and the Mood Foundation.[5]

Discography

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Artist Title Format Label Year
Herzia Coses que Passen CD AZ Records 1999
momo Unharmed CD Instant Attraction Records 2007
momo momo Live @ Bush Hall (Buy Music Get Art) Limited Edition CD Instant Attraction Records 2008
Toni Castells Fake Boobs Online Single Instant Attraction Records 2009
Famous Jack Famous Jack Online Album Interstellar Music 2009
Famous Jack Superstar Online Album Interstellar Music 2010
Toni Castells Sexual Intercourse Online Double Single Instant Attraction Records 2010
Toni Castells Piano Works Online Album Instant Attraction Records 2011
Toni Castells 1.60.3600 Online Album Instant Attraction Records 2011
Toni Castells Ob Online Album Instant Attraction Records 2011
Toni Castells Motherland Online Album Instant Attraction Records 2011
Toni Castells Creation CD Instant Attraction Records 2011
Toni Castells Life from Light (Live from Union Chapel) CD/DVD Interstellar Music 2013
Toni Castells Slaves of Time CD Interstellar Music 2015
Toni Castells Live from Kings Place Online Album Interstellar Music 2016
Toni Castells 4 Meditations Online EP Interstellar Music 2016
Toni Castells 2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal (ft. Aquinas Piano Trio) Online Album Interstellar Music 2016
Toni Castells 2045 Online Album Interstellar Music 2016
Toni Castells Savior Programs Online Album Interstellar Music 2017
Toni Castells Hhumann X Online Album Interstellar Music 2018
Toni Castells, Elliott Liu Mutations in the 4th Dimension (Reimagined) Online EP Interstellar Music 2019
Toni Castells Hhumann X (Live at LSO St Luke's) Online Album Interstellar Music 2019
Toni Castells Call Thou Upon My Name Unto Eternity, and It Shall Never Fail Online Single Interstellar Music 2019
Toni Castells Slaves of Time (Reimagined) Online Album Interstellar Music 2020
Toni Castells, Sujay Bobade Too Late Tomorrow Online Single Interstellar Music 2021
Toni Castells Am I? I Am Online Album Interstellar Music 2021
Toni Castells Sex in Japan Online Album Interstellar Music 2021
Toni Castells, Cyril de Commarque Artificialis Online Single Interstellar Music 2021
Toni Castells I Dream Of You In Colours That Don't Exist Online Album Interstellar Music 2022
Toni Castells The Mission Online Single Interstellar Music 2022
Toni Castells For Hans Online Single Interstellar Music 2023
Toni Castells On The Nature Of Things Online Single Interstellar Music 2023
Toni Castells Kállos Online Single Interstellar Music 2023
Toni Castells Quan Et Veig En Flor Online Single Interstellar Music 2023
Toni Castells World Oceans Day 2023 Online EP Interstellar Music 2023

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Extended Biography". Toni Castells. tonicastells.com. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  2. ^ a b Stuart, Julia (2007-09-12). "Pop goes Mozart: New marriage of classical and rock - Features - Music". The Independent. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
  3. ^ a b Matilda Battersby (2012-11-01). "Wikipedia-inspired opera containing graphic sexual description to make London debut - News - Classical". The Independent. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
  4. ^ "WHOAMI". / /. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  5. ^ a b "Academic Staff Directory". uwl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  6. ^ "Imperial Music Technology". imperial.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  7. ^ Gómez Masdevall, María Teresa (2011). Altas capacidades en niños y niñas : detección, identificación e integración en la escuela y en la familia. Victoria Mir. Madrid. ISBN 978-84-277-2171-5. OCLC 1007181183.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "About". Toni Castells. tonicastells.com. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  9. ^ a b Hughes, Rob (6 March 2002). ""Centenary for Real and Copa del Rey : Madrid celebrates in a regal manner"". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 Dec 2021.
  10. ^ "Beth - Estas Lyrics | Lyrics.com". www.lyrics.com. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  11. ^ "momo: Unharmed". Magnatune.com. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  12. ^ "anicca | Buddhism | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  13. ^ Graham, Daniel W. (2021), "Heraclitus", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2021-12-29
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h "Works". tonicastells.com. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  15. ^ "The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume I".
  16. ^ Nicole Dastur Arsiwala (December 2, 2012). "Symphony of internet and intercourse". The Times of India. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  17. ^ International life. "Sexual Education Opera". Internationallife.tv. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  18. ^ "Life from Light - Toni Castells". Tete-a-Tete. tete-a-tete.org.uk. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  19. ^ "2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal? at St James's Piccadilly". St Martin in the Fields. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  20. ^ "Cowdray House concert". Tatler. August 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  21. ^ a b c Douglas, Jenna. "Toni Castells: New Operas & New Science". Schmoepra. Schmopera.com. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  22. ^ "Kepler. A Search for Habitable Planets". NASA. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  23. ^ a b Grossman, Lev (10 February 2011). "2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal". Time Magazine. Time Inc. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  24. ^ Rosello, Cris. "World Premier In London – "2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal?"". The Hedonist Magazine. thehedonistmagazine.com. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  25. ^ "Toni Castells: Hhumann X | Barbican". www.barbican.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  26. ^ Walker, Peter (2018-01-16). "May appoints minister to tackle loneliness issues raised by Jo Cox". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  27. ^ a b Bird, Steve (2018-09-01). "Jo Cox report on loneliness proves a classical muse for composer". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  28. ^ "Toni Castells". tonicastells.com. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  29. ^ "LSO St Luke's Guest Artists". LSO.
  30. ^ "Latin Grammy Awards History".
  31. ^ "IBS Classical".
  32. ^ "Events". / /. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  33. ^ "United Nations World Oceans Day 2023: Planet Ocean". Oceanic Global. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  34. ^ "Endless Blue Skies vol.2". The Art of Meditation. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  35. ^ "Cyril de Commarque. Artificialis". Wall Street International. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  36. ^ "Who's the mummy? Tutankhamun show breaks French visitor record". The Guardian. 2019-09-03. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  37. ^ "Egypt's Tutankhamun exhibition's artefacts to be displayed at Hurghada, Sharm museums". EgyptToday. 2020-08-28. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  38. ^ "LIAM HODGES: MENSWEAR AW19". 10Magazine. 6 January 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  39. ^ "Official Artist Website - Biography".
  40. ^ Hayley Westenra & Mario Frangoulis - Naturaleza Muerta - Mario Frangoulis Live with The Boston Pops, 26 October 2013, retrieved 2021-12-30
  41. ^ Noah - Noah Stewart | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic, retrieved 2021-12-30
  42. ^ "Noah Stewart becomes first black artist to top Official Classical Chart". www.officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
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