Tolumnia (plant)
Tolumnia | |
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Tolumnia velutina, Dominican Republic | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Orchidaceae |
Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
Tribe: | Cymbidieae |
Subtribe: | Oncidiinae |
Genus: | Tolumnia Raf. |
Synonyms[1] | |
List
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Tolumnia (abbreviated Tolu.[2]), is a genus in the family Orchidaceae. Previously known as the "equitant oncidiums," the species were segregated from the mega-genus Oncidium by Guido Braem in 1986. Dancing-lady orchid is a common name for some species in this genus.[3]
Distribution
[edit]The genus is primarily native to the Greater Antilles, with a few species extending into Florida, the Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America and northern South America (from Colombia to French Guiana).[1]
Description
[edit]The plants are small, usually epiphytic, with small or absent pseudobulbs completely covered by leaves, which are triangular or circular in cross section and overlap each other at base to resemble a fan.[1]
The inflorescences arise between the leaf base and bear colorful, showy flowers. The labella are large, ornamented by variously shaped calli. The column bears prominent wings flanking the stigma. [1]
Pollination
[edit]Species in the genus are pollinated by oil-collecting bees of the genus Centris. Instead of producing oils as a reward for their pollinators, Tolumnia species instead mimic the oil-producing flowers of Malpighiaceae species. Flowers are self-incompatible. Fragrance strength can vary greatly even within a species.[4][5][6]
Species
[edit]- Tolumnia arizajuliana (Withner & J.Jiménez Alm.) Ackerman, 1997
- Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia calochila (Cogn.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia compressicaulis (Withner) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia gauntlettii (Withner & Jesup) Nir, 1994
- Tolumnia guianensis (Aubl.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia guibertiana (A.Rich.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia gundlachii (C.Wright ex Griseb.) N.H.Williams & Ackerman, 2007
- Tolumnia guttata (L.) Nir, 1994
- Tolumnia haitiensis (Leonard & Ames) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia hawkesiana (Moir) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia henekenii (Schomburgk ex Lindl.) Nir, 1994
- Tolumnia leiboldi (Rchb. f.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia lucayana (Nash) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia pulchella (Hook.) Rafinesque, 1837
- Tolumnia quadriloba (Schweinf.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia scandens (Moir) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia sylvestris (Lindl.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia triquetra (Sw.) Nir, 1994
- Tolumnia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia urophylla (Loddiges ex Lindl.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia usneoides (Lindl.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem, 1986
- Tolumnia velutina (Lindl. & Paxton) Braem, 1986
Synonyms
[edit]- Tolumnia acunae (M. A. Diaz) Nir, 2000 (synonym of: Tolumnia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Braem, 198)
- Tolumnia borinquensis Sauleda & Ragan, 1996 (synonym of: Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem, 1986)
- Tolumnia caymanensis (Moir) Braem, 1986 (synonym of: Tolumnia leiboldii (Rchb.f.) Braem, 1986)
- Tolumnia lemoniana ssp. lemoniana Braem, 1986 (synonym of: Tolumnia guianensis (Aubl.) Braem, 1986)
- Tolumnia tetrapetala (Jacq.) Braem, 1986 (synonym of Tolumnia guttata (L.) Nir, 1994 )
Hybrids
[edit]- This list is incomplete.
Hybrids of Tolumnia with orchids in other genera are placed in the following nothogenera:[7]
- Aspaleomnia (Alm.) = Tolumnia × Aspasia × Leochilus
- Bramiltumnia (Bmt.) = Tolumnia × Brassia × Miltonia
- Cochlumnia (Ccl.) = Tolumnia × Cochlioda (now Tolumnia × Oncidium = × Oncidumnia)
- Comparumnia (Cmr.) = Tolumnia × Comparettia
- Cuitlumnia (Ctn.) = Tolumnia × Cuitlauzina
- Golumnia (Glm.) = Tolumnia × Gomesa
- Tolucentrum (Tun.) = Tolumnia × Trichocentrum
- Toluglossum (Tgl.) = Tolumnia × Odontoglossum
- Tolumnopsis (Tmp.) = Tolumnia × Miltoniopsis
- Tolutonia (Tut.) = Tolumnia × Miltonia
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names, RHS, 2017. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tolumnia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- ^ Sauleda, Ruben P. (July 19, 2014). "Pollination Biology and Taxonomy of the Genera Tolumnia Raf. and Oncidium Sw. (Orchidaceae) in South Florida: Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash ex Britton & Millspaugh) Braem, Oncidium floridanum Ames, Oncidium undulatum (Sw.) Salisb. (Lophiaris maculata (Aubl.) Ackerman)" (PDF). New World Orchidaceae – Nomenclatural Notes (13).
- ^ Vale, áNgel; Navarro, Luis; Rojas, Danny; áLvarez, Julio C. (May 2011). "Breeding system and pollination by mimicry of the orchid Tolumnia guibertiana in Western Cuba". Plant Species Biology. 26 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00322.x. ISSN 0913-557X.
- ^ Ackerman, James D.; Meléndez-Ackerman, Elvia J.; Salguero-Faria, José (October 1997). "Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid". American Journal of Botany. 84 (10): 1383–1390. doi:10.2307/2446136. ISSN 0002-9122. JSTOR 2446136. PMID 21708546.
- ^ "Tolumnia | International Plant Names Index".
- Nir, M. Orchidaceae Antillanae, 94–97, 2000.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew : World Checklist of Monocotyledons