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Toledo (Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha constituency)

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Coordinates: 39°50′N 4°00′W / 39.833°N 4.000°W / 39.833; -4.000
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For the Congress of Deputies constituency, see Toledo (Congress of Deputies constituency). For the Senate constituency, see Toledo (Senate constituency).
Toledo
Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha
Electoral constituency
Location of Toledo within Castilla–La Mancha
ProvinceToledo
Autonomous communityCastilla–La Mancha
Population709,403 (2021)[1]
Electorate541,628 (2023)
Major settlementsTalavera de la Reina, Toledo
Current constituency
Created1983
Seats10 (1983–1986)
11 (1986–2007)
12 (2007–2012)
13 (2012–2014)
9 (2014–present)
Member(s)
  •   PSOE (5)
  •   PP (3)
  •   Vox (1)

Toledo is one of the five constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha, the regional legislature of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. The constituency currently elects nine deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Toledo. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system

[edit]

The constituency was created as per the Statute of Autonomy of Castilla–La Mancha of 1982 and was first contested in the 1983 regional election. The Statute provided for the five provinces in Castilla–La Mancha—Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara and Toledo—to be established as multi-member districts in the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha, with this regulation being maintained under the 1986 regional electoral law. Each constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of three seats, with the remaining 18—22 from 1986 to 1998—being distributed in proportion to their populations. In 1983 and from 1998 to 2014, each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 9 for Albacete (10 from 1998 to 2014), 10 for Ciudad Real (11 from 1998 to 2012; 12 until 2014), 8 for Cuenca (8 from 2012 to 2014), 7 for Guadalajara (8 from 2007 to 2012; 9 until 2014) and 10 for Toledo (11 from 1998 to 2007; 12 from 2007 to 2012; 13 until 2014).[2][3]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in Castilla–La Mancha and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Castilian-Manchegan people abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado) which was abolished in 2022.[4][5] Seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. The only exception was in 1983, when a five percent threshold was applied regionally.[2][3] The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[6]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[3][7][8]

Deputies

[edit]
Deputies 1983–present
Key to parties
  Podemos
  PSOE
  CDS
  Cs
  PP
  CP
  AP
  Vox
Cortes Election Distribution
1st 1983
5 5
2nd 1987
6 1 4
3rd 1991
6 5
4th 1995
6 5
5th 1999
6 5
6th 2003
7 4
7th 2007
6 5
8th 2011
6 6
9th 2015
1 4 4
10th 2019
5 1 3
11th 2023
5 3 1

Elections

[edit]

2023 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 28 May 2023 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 167,292 45.58 +1.01 5 ±0
People's Party (PP) 121,848 33.20 +4.92 3 ±0
Vox (Vox) 48,622 13.25 +5.12 1 +1
United We Can Castilla–La Mancha (Unidas Podemos CLM) 14,466 3.94 –2.59 0 ±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)1 2,976 0.81 +0.04 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (CS) 2,662 0.73 –9.79 0 –1
Empty Spain (España Vaciada) 1,670 0.45 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 989 0.27 +0.12 0 ±0
Country with Managers (País con Gestores) 865 0.24 New 0 ±0
Here Now (Aquí Ahora) 724 0.20 New 0 ±0
Castilian Party–Commoners' Land–Zero Cuts (PCAS–TC–RC) 509 0.14 –0.06 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,444 1.21 +0.46
Total 367,067 9 ±0
Valid votes 367,067 98.25 –0.68
Invalid votes 6,553 1.75 +0.68
Votes cast / turnout 373,620 68.98 –0.98
Abstentions 168,008 31.02 +0.98
Registered voters 541,628
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2019 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 26 May 2019 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 161,723 44.57 +7.63 5 +1
People's Party (PP) 102,626 28.28 –9.97 3 –1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 38,174 10.52 +2.08 1 +1
Vox (Vox) 29,492 8.13 +7.62 0 ±0
United We Can–United Left–Equo CLM (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 23,700 6.53 –5.23 0 –1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,796 0.77 –0.09 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 710 0.20 +0.07 0 ±0
Castilian Party–Commoners' Land (PCAS–TC) 551 0.15 +0.05 0 ±0
Traditions and Rural World (ANATUR–UDEC) 351 0.10 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,720 0.75 –0.74
Total 362,843 9 ±0
Valid votes 362,843 98.93 +1.24
Invalid votes 3,922 1.07 –1.24
Votes cast / turnout 366,765 69.96 –2.00
Abstentions 157,517 30.04 +2.00
Registered voters 524,282
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

2015 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 24 May 2015 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 139,622 38.25 –10.86 4 –2
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 134,851 36.94 –5.94 4 –2
We Can (Podemos) 32,068 8.79 New 1 +1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 30,794 8.44 New 0 ±0
Let's Win Castilla–La Mancha–The Greens–United Left (Ganemos–LV–IU)1 10,828 2.97 –0.66 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,137 0.86 +0.57 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,896 0.79 –0.70 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 1,869 0.51 New 0 ±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 1,479 0.41 –0.20 0 ±0
Union of Independent Citizens (UCIN)2 1,176 0.32 –0.05 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 476 0.13 New 0 ±0
Castilian Party–Castilian Unity (PCAS–UdCa)3 381 0.10 –0.10 0 ±0
Blank ballots 5,445 1.49 +0.07
Total 365,022 9 –3
Valid votes 365,022 97.69 –1.05
Invalid votes 8,640 2.31 +1.05
Votes cast / turnout 373,662 71.96 –4.75
Abstentions 145,608 28.04 +4.75
Registered voters 519,270
Sources[11][12]
Footnotes:

2011 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 22 May 2011 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 190,410 49.11 +5.45 6 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 166,249 42.88 –8.09 6 ±0
United Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IUCLM) 14,094 3.63 +0.20 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 5,777 1.49 New 0 ±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 2,375 0.61 New 0 ±0
Union of Independent Citizens of Toledo (UCIT) 1,430 0.37 New 0 ±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,133 0.29 New 0 ±0
Castilian Party (PCAS)1 773 0.20 +0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 5,499 1.42 +0.44
Total 387,740 12 +1
Valid votes 387,740 98.74 –0.54
Invalid votes 4,967 1.26 +0.54
Votes cast / turnout 392,707 76.71 +0.55
Abstentions 119,258 23.29 –0.55
Registered voters 511,965
Sources[13][14]
Footnotes:

2007 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 27 May 2007 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 183,583 50.97 –7.81 6 –1
People's Party (PP) 157,230 43.66 +7.51 5 +1
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 12,358 3.43 +0.57 0 ±0
The Greens of Europe (LVE) 1,845 0.51 New 0 ±0
Commoners' Land (TC) 701 0.19 +0.08 0 ±0
Independent Regional Unity (URI) 610 0.17 ±0.00 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 286 0.08 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,537 0.98 –0.05
Total 360,150 47 ±0
Valid votes 360,150 99.28 –0.10
Invalid votes 2,630 0.72 +0.10
Votes cast / turnout 362,780 76.16 –2.04
Abstentions 113,544 23.84 +2.04
Registered voters 476,324
Sources[15][16]

2003 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 25 May 2003 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 203,462 58.78 +4.67 7 +1
People's Party (PP) 125,133 36.15 –3.76 4 –1
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 9,898 2.86 –0.37 0 ±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 1,684 0.49 +0.17 0 ±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 866 0.25 New 0 ±0
Independent Regional Unity (URI) 580 0.17 –0.02 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 386 0.11 +0.01 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 293 0.08 New 0 ±0
Castilian Left (IzCa) 288 0.08 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,569 1.03 –0.12
Total 346,159 11 ±0
Valid votes 346,159 99.38 ±0.00
Invalid votes 2,154 0.62 ±0.00
Votes cast / turnout 348,313 78.20 +0.70
Abstentions 97,098 21.80 –0.70
Registered voters 445,411
Sources[17][18]

1999 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 13 June 1999 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p) 176,528 54.11 +6.54 6 ±0
People's Party (PP) 130,218 39.91 –3.59 5 ±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 10,537 3.23 –3.05 0 ±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 1,034 0.32 –0.14 0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 813 0.25 New 0 ±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 700 0.21 –0.16 0 ±0
Independent Regional Unity (URI) 635 0.19 +0.07 0 ±0
Union of Talavera and Region (UTyC) 474 0.15 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 400 0.12 +0.02 0 ±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM) 382 0.12 –0.08 0 ±0
Party of Self-employed of Spain and Spanish Independent Groups (PAE–I) 336 0.10 New 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 313 0.10 +0.01 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 142 0.04 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,745 1.15 +0.25
Total 326,257 11 ±0
Valid votes 326,257 99.38 +0.13
Invalid votes 2,032 0.62 –0.13
Votes cast / turnout 328,289 77.50 –2.86
Abstentions 95,285 22.50 +2.86
Registered voters 423,574
Sources[19][20]

1995 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 28 May 1995 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 151,801 47.57 –3.70 6 ±0
People's Party (PP) 138,813 43.50 +5.42 5 ±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 20,042 6.28 +0.51 0 ±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 1,474 0.46 New 0 ±0
Action for Talavera Region (ACTAL) 1,270 0.40 –0.46 0 ±0
Centrist Union (UC) 1,186 0.37 –1.78 0 ±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM) 649 0.20 –0.15 0 ±0
Independent Regional Unity (URI) 391 0.12 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 327 0.10 New 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 289 0.09 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,863 0.90 +0.03
Total 319,105 11 ±0
Valid votes 319,105 99.25 –0.04
Invalid votes 2,398 0.75 +0.04
Votes cast / turnout 321,503 80.36 +4.64
Abstentions 78,568 19.64 –4.64
Registered voters 400,071
Sources[21][22]

1991 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 26 May 1991 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 145,861 51.27 +6.21 6 ±0
People's Party (PP)1 108,339 38.08 +0.64 5 +1
United Left (IU) 16,406 5.77 –0.03 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 6,110 2.15 –8.05 0 –1
Action for Talavera (ACTAL) 2,441 0.86 New 0 ±0
The Greens Ecologist–Humanist List (LVLE–H)2 1,899 0.67 +0.49 0 ±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM) 984 0.35 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,475 0.87 +0.05
Total 284,515 11 ±0
Valid votes 284,515 99.29 +0.49
Invalid votes 2,047 0.71 –0.49
Votes cast / turnout 286,562 75.72 –3.28
Abstentions 91,893 24.28 +3.28
Registered voters 378,455
Sources[23][24][25]
Footnotes:

1987 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 10 June 1987 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 128,713 45.06 +1.40 6 +1
People's Alliance (AP)1 105,232 36.84 –5.27 4 –1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 29,132 10.20 +6.77 1 +1
United Left (IU)2 16,554 5.80 –1.88 0 ±0
People's Democratic Party (PDP) 1,718 0.60 New 0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC) 933 0.33 New 0 ±0
Humanist Platform (PH) 512 0.18 New 0 ±0
Social Democratic Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PSDCLM) 512 0.18 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,352 0.82 +0.28
Total 285,658 11 +1
Valid votes 285,658 98.80 –0.21
Invalid votes 3,456 1.20 +0.21
Votes cast / turnout 289,114 79.00 +1.53
Abstentions 76,845 21.00 –1.53
Registered voters 365,959
Sources[26][27][28]
Footnotes:

1983 regional election

[edit]
Summary of the 8 May 1983 Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results in Toledo
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 118,295 43.66 n/a 5 n/a
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–UL) 114,090 42.11 n/a 5 n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 20,809 7.68 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 9,299 3.43 n/a 0 n/a
Liberal Democratic Party (PDL) 6,958 2.57 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots 1,471 0.54 n/a
Total 270,922 10 n/a
Valid votes 270,922 99.01 n/a
Invalid votes 2,699 0.99 n/a
Votes cast / turnout 273,621 77.47 n/a
Abstentions 79,581 22.53 n/a
Registered voters 353,202
Sources[29][30][31]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. Población por provincias y por sexo". ine.es (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  2. ^ a b Ley Orgánica 9/1982, de 10 de agosto, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Castilla-La Mancha. Boletín Oficial del Estado (Organic Law 9) (in Spanish). 10 August 1982. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Ley 5/1986, de 23 de diciembre, electoral de Castilla-La Mancha. Boletín Oficial del Estado (Law 5) (in Spanish). 23 December 1986. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  4. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  6. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  7. ^ Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales. Boletín Oficial del Estado (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  8. ^ Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General. Boletín Oficial del Estado (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  9. ^ "Acuerdo de 14/06/2023, de la Junta Electoral de Castilla-La Mancha, por el que se ordena la publicación en el Diario Oficial de Castilla-La Mancha de los resultados generales y por circunscripciones de las elecciones a las Cortes Regionales 2023". Diario Oficial de Castilla-La Mancha (in Spanish) (114). Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha: 21577–21583. 16 June 2023. ISSN 1575-0051.
  10. ^ "Cortes of Castile-La Mancha election results, 26 May 2019" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 24 May 2015" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  12. ^ "IX Legislature. Regional election, 24 May 2015". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  13. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 22 May 2011" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 13 June 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  14. ^ "VIII Legislature. Regional election, 22 May 2011". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  15. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 27 May 2007" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  16. ^ "VII Legislature. Regional election, 27 May 2007". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  17. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 25 May 2003" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 13 June 2003. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  18. ^ "VI Legislature. Regional election, 25 May 2003". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  19. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 13 June 1999" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 2 July 1999. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  20. ^ "V Legislature. Regional election, 13 June 1999". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  21. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 28 May 1995" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 16 June 1995. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  22. ^ "IV Legislature. Regional election, 28 May 1995". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  23. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 26 May 1991" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 14 June 1991. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  24. ^ "III Legislature. Regional election, 26 May 1991". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  25. ^ "Number 157. Report-declaration of the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election of 26 May 1991" (PDF). tcu.es (in Spanish). Court of Auditors. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  26. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 10 June 1987" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 30 June 1987. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  27. ^ "II Legislature. Regional election, 10 June 1987". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  28. ^ "Number 75. Audit report on the regularity of electoral accounting derived from the elections held on June 10, 1987" (PDF). tcu.es (in Spanish). Court of Auditors. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  29. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election, 1983. Toledo". www.datoselecciones.com (in Spanish). Election Data. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  30. ^ "Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha election results, 8 May 1983". www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Castilla–La Mancha. 28 October 1983. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  31. ^ "I Legislature. Regional election, 8 May 1983". www.cortesclm.es (in Spanish). Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha. Retrieved 29 September 2017.

39°50′N 4°00′W / 39.833°N 4.000°W / 39.833; -4.000

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