Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China
Appearance
Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 11 UN member states and Holy See with 59 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.
Timeline
[edit]The timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China encompasses the years from 1912 to 1949 (the establishment of the People's Republic of China), and the year of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) establishments as a substitute for embassies in the absence of official diplomatic relations with the ROC.
Year | State | Event | TECRO establishment |
---|---|---|---|
1912 | Australia | Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908 | |
1912 | Austria-Hungary | Recognition; relations began in 1869 | |
1912 | Belgium | Recognition; relations began in 1865 | |
1912 | Brazil | Recognition; relations began in 1880 | |
1912 | Canada | Recognition; relations began in 1909 | |
1912 | Cape Colony | Recognition; relations began in 1904 | |
1912 | Cuba | Recognition; relations began in 1902 | |
1912 | Denmark | Recognition; relations began in 1908 | |
1912 | Italy | Recognition; relations began in 1866 | |
1912 | Japan | Recognition; relations began in 1871 | |
1912 | Mexico | Recognition; relations began in 1899 | |
1912 | Netherlands | Recognition; relations began in 1863 | |
1912 | New Zealand | Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908 | |
1912 | Norway | Recognition; relations began in 1847 | |
1912 | Portugal | Recognition; relations began in 1862 | |
1912 | Sweden | Recognition; relations began in 1847 | |
1912 | United Kingdom | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty | 1963[1] |
1912 | United States | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1844 | |
1913 | France | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty | |
1913 | Russia | Recognition; relations began in 1878 | |
1913 | Germany | Recognition of the establishment of the Republic of China; relations began in 1861. | |
1913 | Peru | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1875 | |
1915 | Chile | Diplomatic relations established | |
1917 | Germany | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time) | |
1918 | Russia | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time) | |
1919 | Bolivia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1919 | Finland | Diplomatic relations established | |
1919 | Poland | Diplomatic relations established | |
1921 | Estonia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1921 | Germany | Diplomatic relations resumed (first time) | |
1921 | Lithuania | Diplomatic relations established | 2021[2][3] |
1922 | Panama | Diplomatic re-established; relations began with the Qing dynasty in 1909. | |
1923 | Latvia | Diplomatic relations established[4] | 1992 (Consulate) 1995[5][6] |
1924 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations resumed (first time) | |
1929 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations ceased (second time) | |
1930 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations established | |
1931 | Czechoslovakia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1932 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations resumed (second time) | |
1933 | Guatemala | Diplomatic relations established | |
1934 | Monaco | Diplomatic relations established | |
1934 | Turkey | Diplomatic relations established | |
1937 | Iran | Diplomatic relations established[7] | |
1937 | Japan | Diplomatic relations ceased (Beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War) | |
1939 | Romania | Diplomatic relations established | |
1941 | Nazi Germany | Diplomatic relations ceased (second time, German diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime) | |
1941 | Colombia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1941 | Honduras | Diplomatic relations established | |
1941 | Italy | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time, Italian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime) | |
1941 | Romania | Diplomatic relations ceased (Romanian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime) | |
1942 | Holy See | Diplomatic relations established | |
1942 | El Salvador | Diplomatic relations established | |
1942 | Iraq | Diplomatic relations established | |
1944 | Afghanistan | Diplomatic relations established | |
1944 | Dominican Republic | Diplomatic relations established | |
1945 | Yugoslavia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1946 | Italy | Diplomatic relations resumed (second time) | |
1946 | Mongolia | Recognition achieved | |
1946 | Syria | Recognition achieved | |
1946 | Thailand | Diplomatic relations established | |
1947 | Bulgaria | Diplomatic relations established | |
1947 | Saudi Arabia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1947 | India | Diplomatic relations established | |
1948 | Burma | Diplomatic relations established | |
1949 | Israel | Recognition achieved | |
1949 | Luxembourg | Diplomatic relations established | |
1949 | South Africa | Diplomatic relations resumed | |
1949 | South Korea | Diplomatic relations re-established, relations began under the Korean Empire in 1899 | |
1949 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations ceased (third time)[8] | 1993 (in Russia)[9] |
1949 | Czechoslovakia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1991[10] (in Czech Republic) 2003[11] (in Slovakia) |
1949 | Poland | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1992? |
1949 | Hungary | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1990 |
1949 | Albania | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1949 | Bulgaria | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Afghanistan | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Norway | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1980[12] to 2017 |
1950 | Switzerland | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1973[12] |
1950 | Finland | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1990[13] |
1950 | Sweden | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1981? |
1950 | Denmark | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1973? or 1980[14] |
1950 | India | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1995[15] |
1950 | Ceylon | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Burma | Diplomatic relations ceased | 2015[16] or 2016[17] |
1950 | Indonesia | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1971 |
1951 | Pakistan | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1952 | Japan | Diplomatic relations re-established (2nd time) | |
1953 | Laos | Diplomatic relations established | |
1953 | Mongolia | Recognition revoked | 2002 |
1954 | Lebanon | Diplomatic relations established | |
1954 | Netherlands | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1981 |
1955 | South Vietnam | Diplomatic relations established | |
1955 | West Germany | Diplomatic relations resumed (second time) | |
1955 | Nepal | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1955 | Yugoslavia | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1956 | Egypt | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1956 | Iran | Diplomatic relations established[7] | |
1956 | Syria | Recognition withdrawn | |
1956 | Haiti | Diplomatic relations established | |
1957 | Jordan | Diplomatic relations established | |
1957 | Paraguay | Diplomatic relations established | |
1958 | Iraq | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1958 | Morocco | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1959 | Sudan | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1960 | Cuba | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1960 | Nigeria | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1960 | Guatemala | Diplomatic relations established | |
1960 | Congo-Léopoldville | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1961 | El Salvador | Diplomatic relations established | |
1961 | Congo-Léopoldville | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1961 | Laos | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time) | |
1961 | Upper Volta | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1961 | Congo-Léopoldville | Diplomatic relations resumed (1st time) | |
1962 | Laos | Diplomatic relations resumed | |
1962 | Uganda | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1963 | Niger | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1964 | France | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1974[18] |
1964 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed] | |
1964 | Malaysia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1966 | Malawi | Diplomatic relations established | |
1966 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1968 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1968 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1968 | Swaziland | Diplomatic relations established | |
1969 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1970 | Italy | Diplomatic relations ceased (second time) | 1990[19] |
1970 | Khmer Republic | Diplomatic relations established | |
1970 | Canada | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1991[20] |
1970 | Chile | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1975[21] |
1971 | Belgium | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1971[22] |
1971 | Austria | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1972[12] |
1971 | Iceland | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1971 | Turkey | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1989? |
1971 | Iran | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1971 | Kuwait | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1986 |
1971 | Lebanon | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1971 | Peru | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1978[23] |
1971 | Nigeria | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1991[24] |
1972 | United Kingdom | Diplomatic relations ceased[25] | 1963 (as "The Free Chinese Centre, London") 1993[1] |
1972 | Japan | Diplomatic relations ceased (second) | 1972 |
1972 | West Germany | Diplomatic relations ceased (third time) | 1999 (in Germany)[26] |
1972 | Greece | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1973 |
1972 | Australia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1992[27] |
1972 | New Zealand | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1973[28] |
1972 | Luxembourg | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1975 |
1972 | Mexico | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1989? |
1972 | Argentina | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1995[29] |
1972 | Jamaica | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1972 | Chad | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed] | |
1972 | Zaire | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1972 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1973 | Spain | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1973[12] |
1973 | Upper Volta | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1974 | Malaysia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1974[30] |
1974 | Brazil | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1975 |
1974 | Venezuela | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1974 | Niger | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1974 | Gabon | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1974 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1975 | Thailand | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1975[31] |
1975 | Khmer Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1994 to 1997 |
1975 | South Vietnam | Defeat of South Vietnam | 1992 (in Vietnam) |
1975 | Laos | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1975 | Philippines | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1976 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1977 | Jordan | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1977 |
1977 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed] | |
1978 | Libya | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1980 to 1997 (1st time) 2008 to 2011 (2nd time) |
1979 | United States | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1979[32] |
1979 | Portugal | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1992 |
1979 | Colombia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1980? |
1979 | Tuvalu | Diplomatic relations established | |
1980 | Nauru | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1980 | Ecuador | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1981 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Diplomatic relations established | |
1983 | Dominica | Diplomatic relations established | |
1983 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations ceased (first) | |
1983 | Solomon Islands | Diplomatic relations established | |
1983 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Diplomatic relations established | |
1984 | United Arab Emirates | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1984? |
1984 | Saint Lucia | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1985 | Bolivia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1990 to 2009 |
1985 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1988 | Uruguay | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | 1992 to 2002 |
1989 | Grenada | Diplomatic relations established | |
1989 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1989 | Bahamas | Diplomatic relations established | |
1989 | Belize | Diplomatic relations established | |
1990 | Saudi Arabia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1990[33] |
1990 | Guinea-Bissau | Diplomatic relations established | |
1990 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations established (2nd time) | |
1990 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations resumed | |
1991 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time) | |
1991 | People's Republic of China | De facto recognition[34] | |
1992 | South Korea | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1993? or 1994 |
1992 | Israel | Recognition withdrawn[35] | 1993[36] |
1992 | Niger | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1993 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1994 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1994 | Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) | Diplomatic relations established (2nd time) | |
1995 | Monaco | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1995 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations resumed | |
1996 | Niger | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1996 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1997 | Bahamas | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1997 | Chad | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1997 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time) | |
1997 | Saint Lucia | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1997 | São Tomé and Príncipe | Diplomatic relations established | |
1998 | South Africa | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1998[37] |
1998 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time) | |
1998 | Guinea-Bissau | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1998 | Tonga | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
1998 | Marshall Islands | Diplomatic relations established | |
1999 | Papua New Guinea | Diplomatic relations maintained for 16 days[38] | 1990[39] |
1999 | Macedonia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1999 | Palau | Diplomatic relations established | |
2001 | Macedonia | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2002 | Nauru | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
2003 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time) | |
2003 | Kiribati | Diplomatic relations established | |
2004 | Dominica | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2004 | Vanuatu | Diplomatic relations maintained for a week[40] | |
2005 | Grenada | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2005 | Nauru | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
2005 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2006 | Chad | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2007 | Saint Lucia | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
2007 | Costa Rica | Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] | |
2008 | Kosovo | Recognition achieved | |
2008 | Malawi | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2013 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2016 | São Tomé and Príncipe | Diplomatic relations ceased[41] | |
2017 | Panama | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2018 | Dominican Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2018 | Burkina Faso | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2018 | El Salvador | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2019 | Solomon Islands | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2019 | Kiribati | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2020 | Somaliland | Unofficial relations established | |
2021 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2023 | Honduras | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2024 | Nauru | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) |
See also
[edit]Taiwan portal |
- ROC
- PRC
- Foreign relations of China
- Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Taiwan-UK Relations - Taiwan-UK relations - Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. 駐英國台北代表處". Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ "Taiwan representation opens in Vilnius". 18 November 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Agencies (19 November 2021). "China condemns opening of Taiwan office in Lithuania as 'egregious act'". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Lobzova, Liene. "Establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
- ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. pp. 76–94. ISBN 9781134100842.
- ^ "本處與駐在國關係 (The relationship between the Department and the country)". 駐拉脫維亞代表處 Taipei Mission in the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
- ^ a b electricpulp.com. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS v. Diplomatic – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
- ^ In April 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek abandoned his capital in Nanking, the Soviet ambassador - alone among the diplomatic corps - joined Chiang in his retreat to Canton (Guangzhou). Source: Eric Hobsbawm: The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991, London 1994, p. 227.
- ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. ISBN 9781134100842 – via Google Books.
- ^ [1] Archived 2007-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [2] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d Hibou, Béatrice (28 December 2016). Privatising the State. Hurst. ISBN 9781850656890 – via Google Books.
- ^ [3] Archived 2014-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Organization - Organization - Taipei Representative Office in Denmark 駐丹麥台北代表處". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ [4] Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Myanmar opens trade office in Taiwan in bid to boost ties, The China Post, June 25, 2015
- ^ "TECO in Myanmar opens doors in Yangon: ministry". Taipei Times. 29 March 2016. p. 3. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ [5] Archived 2016-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [6] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [7] Archived 2015-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [8] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Introduction - Introduction - Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium 駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ^ [9] Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [10] Archived 2014-09-17 at archive.today
- ^ On 6 January 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the PRC and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK closed the Nanjing embassy and established relations with the PRC on 17 June 1954. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The Tamsui consulate remained opened under the guise of the Taiwan Provincial Government. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on 13 March 1972 and closed the ROC consulate in Tamsui. See Sino-British relations for further details.
- ^ [11] Archived 2014-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [12] Archived 2015-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [13] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [14] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [15] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [16] Archived 2015-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (1 May 1979). "Courage and fortitude - Taiwan Today". Taiwan Today.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ [17] Archived 2015-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, Volume 24 (2006). BRILL. 3 February 2020. ISBN 9789004424968.
- ^ Israel recognized the PRC on 8 January 1950 but the request was rejected at first by the PRC.
- ^ [18] Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Team, Internet. "About Us". Taipei Liaison Office in the RSA 駐南非共和國台北聯絡代表處.
- ^ On August 5, 1999, Republic of China and Papua New Guinea had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Papua New Guinea withdrew the agreement with the ROC on August 21, 1999.
- ^ "Organisation". Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Papua New Guinea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ On November 3, 2004, Republic of China and Vanuatu had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Vanuatu withdrew the agreement with the ROC on November 10, 2004.
- ^ "São Tomé e Príncipe corta relações com Taiwan". 20 December 2016.
Sources
[edit]- 中華民國與各國建交斷交大事紀 (in Chinese)