Timeline of Geneva
The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Geneva, Switzerland.
Prior to 19th century
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- 1st century BCE – Roman camp "Genava" set up.[1]
- 4th century CE – Catholic diocese established.[2]
- 426 – Geneva becomes capital of the Kingdom of the Burgundians.[3]
- 534 – Franks in power.[4]
- 563 – Tsunami on Lake Geneva.[5]
- 773 - Charlemagne (Charles the Great) holds a council of war. [6]
- 800 – Geneva becomes part of the Carolingian Empire (approximate date).[3]
- 1032 - Geneva reverts to Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1321 – Fire.[4]
- 1333 – Fire.[4]
- 1387 – Town charter granted.[7]
- 1400 – Sources indicate circa. 13 Jewish families living in Geneva.
- 1420 – The Jews of Geneva are confined to a ghetto (the only one in today's Switzerland).[8]
- 1430 – Fire.[4]
- 1478 – Printing press in operation.[9][10]
- 1490 – The city council orders the expulsion of the Jews.[11]
- 1519 – Geneva allies with Freibourg.[12]
- 1524 – "The Genevese shake off the yoke of Savoy."[7]
- 1526 – Geneva allies with Bern.[12]
- 1530 - Geneva became its own mistress within, while allied externally with the Swiss confederation.[6]
- 1535 – Catholic bishop Pierre de La Baume ousted by Calvinists.[7]
- 1536
- 21 May: Grand Council of Geneva adopts Protestant religion.[6]
- Protestant leader John Calvin active in Geneva.[7][13]
- Area of city expanded.[6]
- 1541 - The Republic of Geneva and Genevan Consistory established.
- 1545 – 2 June: Divorce granted.[14]
- 1553 – 27 October: Michael Servetus executed for heresy.[7]
- 1559 – Collège de Genève founded.[12]
- 1560 – English-language Geneva Bible published.
- 1580 – Population: 17,330.[15]
- 1584 – "Geneva forms an alliance with the Swiss cantons."[7]
- 1587 – Watchmaker Charles Cusin active.[16]
- 1602 – 12 December: "Savoy fails to conquer Geneva, an event celebrated as the 'Escalade'."[1]
- 1679 – French embassy established.[17]
- 1690 – Population: 16,220.[15]
- 1712 – 28 June: Jean-Jacques Rousseau born.
- 1738 – "The republic adopts a regular constitution."[7]
- 1763 – Geneva is "made independent."[4]
- 1766 – Théâtre de Rosimond built.
- 1770 – "Insurrection suppressed."[7]
- 1781 – February: Geneva Revolution of 1782.[3]
- 1783 – Théâtre de Neuve built.
- 1789 – Trade show held.[14]
- 1794 – July: "Government overthrown;"[12] "executions, etc."[3]
- 1798
- April: Geneva becomes capital of the Léman (department) of the First French Republic (later the First French Empire).[4][15][6]
- Population: 24,331.[15]
19th century
[edit]- 1813 – 31 December: Restoration of the Republic.[18]
- 1815
- Canton of Geneva created.[6][18]
- Canton of Geneva becomes part of the Swiss Confederation.[1][6]
- 1816 – Treaty of Turin nearly doubled the size of the Canton of Geneva.[19]
- 1817 – Botanical garden created in the Parc des Bastions.
- 1821 – Catholic diocese of Lausanne and Geneva established.[2]
- 1825 – Prison begins operating.[20]
- 1826 – Musée Rath built.[12]
- 1828 – Société genevoise d'utilité publique (public welfare society) founded.
- 1829 – Töpffer's Adventures of Dr. Festus comic book created.[21]
- 1834
- 1835 – Conservatoire de Musique de Genève founded.
- 1837 – Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Genève founded.[22]
- 1841 – Jews granted freedom of establishment in the canton of Geneva.[23]
- 1842
- Political unrest.[12]
- Geneva municipality created.[6][15]
- 1845 – Gas lighting installed.[4]
- 1846 – Political unrest;[7] "constitution made more democratic."[3]
- 1847 – "Radical party" in power.[12]
- 1848 – Banque de Geneve founded.[24]
- 1849 – Fortifications begin to be demolished.[7][15]
- 1850 – Population: 37,724 in city; 64,146 in canton.[25]
- 1851 – Watchmaker Patek Philippe & Co. in business.
- 1852
- Union Chrétienne de Jeunes Gens branch established.[26]
- Communauté Israélite de Genève founded.
- 1854 – Jardin Anglais (park) laid out.
- 1856 – Quai Gustave-Ador built.
- 1858
- Genève-Cornavin railway station opens.
- Ecole Saint-Antoine (school) built.[27]
- 1860 – Population: 82,876 in canton.[25]
- 1863 – International Committee of the Red Cross headquartered in Geneva.
- 1864
- August: International "Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field" signed in Geneva,[28] i.e. "the fundamental rules of war."[1]
- 22–23 August: "Election riots, with loss of life, through the indiscretion of M. Fazy;"[3] city occupied by federal forces.[7]
- Monument erected in Port-Noir.[citation needed]
- 1867
- September: International "Congress of Peace" held in Geneva.[7]
- Salle de la Réformation inaugurated.[26]
- 1873
- University of Geneva active.[12]
- Christian Catholic Church is formally established.[6]
- 1879
- Grand Théâtre de Genève opens.[12]
- Brunswick Monument erected.
- 1880 – Population: 99,712 in canton.[25]
- 1881 – Société Genevoise de Photographie founded.[29][1]
- 1883 – 23 November: Steamboat collision on Lake Geneva.[3]
- 1886
- Geneva Seal adopted.
- Jet d'Eau (fountain) installed.
- 1891 – International Peace Bureau headquartered in Geneva.[30]
- 1892 – 9 July: Steamboat explosion on Lake Geneva.[3]
- 1893 – Piolet Club (hiking group) formed.[31]
- 1894 – Victoria Hall (concert hall) built.
- 1896 – 1 May: Swiss National Exposition opens in Geneva.[3]
- 1900 – Population: 97,359 in city; 132,609 in canton.[25][6]
20th century
[edit]1900s–1940s
[edit]- 1902 – 24 December: Cathedral bombing.[3]
- 1905 – Geneva Motor Show begins.
- 1907 - The Genevese voted to separate Church and State.[6]
- 1910 – Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva) built.
- 1917 – Monument to the Reformation built.
- 1919 – International Labour Organization headquartered in Geneva.
- 1920
- League of Nations headquartered in city.[32]
- Alhambra cinema active.[33]
- 1921 – Inter-Parliamentary Union headquartered in Geneva.[30]
- 1924 – International School of Geneva established.
- 1926
- 26 September: International "Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery" signed in Geneva.[28]
- Compagnie de 1602 (heritage society) formed.
- 1929 – 27 July: International "Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" signed.[28]
- 1930
- Population: 124,121 in city; 171,366 in canton.[25]
- Les Eaux-Vives, Le Petit-Saconnex and Plainpalais become part of city.[15]
- 1932
- November: 1932 Geneva unrest
- International disarmament conference held in city.[1]
- 1936 - World Jewish Congress is founded as political platform of solidarity for persecuted Jews and to combat anti-Semitism.[34]
- 1938 – Palace of Nations built.
- 1939
- Geneva International Music Competition begins.
- Geneva hosts the World Zionist Congress.
- 1942 - Start of Trolleybuses in Geneva.
- 1947 – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe headquartered in Geneva.[28]
- 1948 – World Health Organization and World Council of Churches headquartered in Geneva.
- 1949 – 12 August: International "Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War" signed in Geneva.[28]
1950s–1990s
[edit]- 1950
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees headquartered in Geneva.[28]
- Population: 202,918 in canton.[25]
- 1954
- International conference related to Korea and Indochina held in Geneva.[35]
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) headquartered in nearby Meyrin.
- 1955 - L'horloge fleurie flowerbed created in the Jardin Anglais.
- 1957 – Electric toothbrush invented.[14]
- 1960 - Women's suffrage effected in canton.[17]
- 1961 - Centre islamique de Genève founded.
- 1963 - United Nations Institute for Training and Research headquartered in Geneva.[28]
- 1964 - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development headquartered in Geneva.[28]
- 1970 - Population: 173,618 in city; 331,599 in canton.[25]
- 1972 - Tour du Lac rowing contest begins.
- 1977 – Geneva Symphony Orchestra established.[36]
- 1978 - Geneva Mosque built.[37]
- 1980 – Banque de Patrimoines Privés Genève established.
- 1986 – Geneva City Archives established.
- 1987 – Geneva Airport railway station opens.
- 1988 – International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum opens.
- 1989 – March: World Wide Web concept invented by Berners-Lee of CERN.[14]
- 1997 – Sculpture "Broken Chair" installed in the Place des Nations.
- 2000 – Population: 177,964 in city; 413,673 in canton.[25]
21st century
[edit]- 2002 – City website online (approximate date).[38][chronology citation needed]
- 2004 – Genève-Sécheron railway station opens.
- 2005 – Geneva Citizens' Movement established.
- 2007 – RHINO (squat) evicted.
- 2009
- November: Anti-WTO protest.[39]
- November–December: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2009 held in Geneva.
- Calvin Jubilee held.[40]
- 2013
- Revised constitution of the Canton of Geneva effected; created by the Assemblée constituante de Genève.
- Population: 469,433 in canton.[41]
- 2014 – Nuclear bunkers converted to homeless shelters.[42]
- 2015
- August: Intern-in-tent reported.[43]
- Esther Alder becomes mayor.
- 2019 - Opening of the CEVA rail line to Annemasse in France, operated by the Léman Express train service.
See also
[edit]- History of Geneva
- List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Geneva
- Timelines of other municipalities in Switzerland: Basel, Bern, Zürich
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Leo Schelbert (2014). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
- ^ a b "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Switzerland". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Haydn 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g Overall 1870.
- ^ "Lake Monsters", The Economist, UK, 3 November 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Townsend 1877.
- ^ Cranach, Kaufmann, Knoch-Mund, Picard, Weingarten, Philipp, Robert Uri, Gaby, Jacques, Ralph. "«Judentum», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2016".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Switzerland: Genève". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Knoch-Mund, Picard, Gaby, Jacques. "«Antisemitismus», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2009".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Chambers 1901.
- ^ "Switzerland". Political Chronology of Europe. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 248+. ISBN 978-1-135-35687-3.
- ^ a b c d Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Genève (commune)", Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (in French), retrieved 30 October 2015
- ^ Baedeker 1922.
- ^ a b Leo Schelbert (2014). Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
- ^ a b "Genève (canton)", Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (in French), retrieved 2 April 2022
- ^ Judd, Phillip (16 March 2016). "On this day 200 years ago Geneva nearly doubled in size". le News. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
- ^ Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
- ^ Steven Anzovin; Janet Podell, eds. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ^ Mémoires et documents (in French), Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Genève, 1841
- ^ Knoch-Mund, Picard. "«Antisemitismus», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2009".
- ^ "Switzerland". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Evolution de la population des communes 1850–2000 (xls) (in French), Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office, 2005
- ^ a b Weibel 2006.
- ^ "Plan de Ville". Ville de Genève: site officiel (in French). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Richard Green (2008). Chronology of International Organizations. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-35590-6.
- ^ Scandlin, W. I.; Harrison, Frederick J.; Smith, Francis P.; Elliott, Arthur H. (1902), "Amateur Photographic Societies ... Foreign", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, vol. 14, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, pp. 14 v, hdl:2027/mdp.39015065594080
- ^ a b Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536343-2.
- ^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857–1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK. hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
- ^ "Switzerland Profile: Timeline", BBC News, 8 May 2012, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Geneva". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Cranach. "«Judentum», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2016".
- ^ Bernard A. Cook, ed. (2013). "Chronology of Major Political Events". Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-17939-7.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ Switzerland, ArchNet, archived from the original on 5 April 2007
- ^ "Ville de Geneve: Le Site officiel" (in French). Archived from the original on 5 December 2002 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ Geneva anti-WTO protesters smash windows, burn cars, Reuters, 28 November 2009
- ^ "A City of Mixed Emotions Observes Calvin's 500th", New York Times, 4 November 2009
- ^ Cantonal portraits 2015, Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office
- ^ "New cold war: the Geneva fallout bunkers doubling as homeless shelters", The Guardian, Cities, UK, 22 October 2014
- ^ "U.N. Faces Scrutiny Over Unpaid Intern Who Slept in a Tent in Geneva", New York Times, 13 August 2015
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]in English
[edit]- Published in the 17th–19th century
- Jacob Spon (1687). History of the City and State of Geneva. London: Bernard White. (translated from French)
- George Keate (1761). Short Account of the Ancient History, Present Government, and Laws of the Republic of Geneva. London: R. and J. Dodsley.
- Frederic Leopold Stolberg (1796), "(Geneva)", Travels through Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and Sicily, Translated by Thomas Holcroft, London: G.G. and J. Robinson
- "Geneva". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893.
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Geneva", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9571pn88
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Geneva". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Geneva", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/hvd.32044088047865
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Geneva", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- Published in the 20th century
- "Geneva". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. Vol. 5. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1fj2r624.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Geneva", Handbook for Switzerland, Murray's Handbooks for Travellers (19th ed.), London: Edward Stanford, 1904, hdl:2027/hvd.hn1sv5
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). pp. 824–825.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Geneva", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via HathiTrust
- "Geneva". Switzerland. Grieben's Guide Books (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1912. hdl:2027/uc1.$b264107.
- "Millennial City: The Romance of Geneva, Capital of the League of Nations", National Geographic Magazine, vol. 35, Washington DC, pp. 116 v, 1919, hdl:2027/mdp.39015039320059
- "Geneva", Switzerland (26th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1922, OCLC 4248970 – via Internet Archive
- Nicolas Bouvier (1994). "Geneva". Geneva, Zurich, Basel: History, Culture, and National Identity. Princeton University Press. pp. 17–40. ISBN 978-1-4008-6369-3.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Geneva". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- Antoine S. Bailly (2000). "Geneva: does wealth ensure social stability?". In Mario Polèse; Richard E. Stren (eds.). The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8320-3.
- Published in the 21st century
- Mario Carpo (2001). "Geneva". Architecture in the Age of Printing. MIT Press. pp. 79–102. ISBN 978-0-262-03288-9.
- Hugo Slim (2007). "Geneva's Future: Reflections on the Role of a Values-Based City". International Affairs. 83 (1): 109–125. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00605.x. JSTOR 4122042. S2CID 143958854.
- Christopher Kennedy; et al. (2009). "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Global Cities". Environmental Science & Technology. 43 (19): 7297–7302. Bibcode:2009EnST...43.7297K. doi:10.1021/es900213p. PMID 19848137.
in French
[edit]- Luc Weibel (2006). "Chronologie". Croire à Genève: la Salle de la Réformation (XIXe-XXe siècle) [Belief in Geneva] (in French). Geneva: Labor et Fides. p. 201+. ISBN 978-2-8309-1193-0.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geneva.
- Europeana. Items related to Geneva, various dates
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Geneva, various dates.
