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This is a timeline of Burmese or Myanmar history , comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Burma and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Burma . See also the list of Burmese leaders .
Year
Date
Event
1500s BCE
Earliest evidence of copper and bronze works, rice growing, domesticating chickens and pigs in Irrawaddy valley
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(March 2013 )
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Year
Date
Event
500 BCE
Iron-working settlements south of present-day Mandalay
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(January 2012 )
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Year
Date
Event
70
Pyu city of Halin in existence
Year
Date
Event
200
The Pyu convert to Buddhism (to 400)
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Year
Date
Event
c. 980
Earliest evidence of Pagan walls
984
Earliest evidence of Burmese alphabet (according to an 18th-century recast stone inscription)[ 1]
Year
Date
Event
1301
15 January
Last Mongol invasion begins
6 April
Mongol forces retreat from Myinsaing
1303
4 April
Mongols evacuate Tagaung , retreat to Yunnan [ 5]
1307
c. 14 January
Wareru is assassinated and Hkun Law succeeds the Martaban throne
1310
13 April
Athinkhaya dies
1311
10 April
Saw O becomes king of Martaban
1313
7 February
Thihathu founds Pinya Kingdom
1315
15 May
Sagaing secession begins
1316
26 March
Saw Yun 's completes fortification of capital Sagaing
1323
by 28 September
Saw Zein become king of Martaban
1327
5 February
Tarabya I becomes king of Sagaing
1330
Martaban defeats Sukhothai; throws off nominal allegiance to Sukhothai
1340
1 September
Uzana I abdicates Pinya throne
1344
29 March
Kyawswa I becomes undisputed ruler of Pinya
1350
12 December
Kyawswa II becomes king of Pinya
1352
23 February
Thihapate becomes king of Sagaing
1356
Massive Shan raids into Upper Burma begin (to 1368)
1359
19 March
Kyawswa II dies and Narathu succeeds Pinya throne
1362
Binnya U raises the height of the Shwedagon Pagoda to 66 feet
1364
c. February
Byattaba seizes Martaban; Binnya U sets up camp at Donwun
April
Maw forces sack Sagaing
May
Maw forces sack Pinya
September
Thado Minbya takes over Pinya
1365
26 February
Thado Minbya founds Ava Kingdom
1367
5 September
Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava
1369
Byattaba drives Binnya U out to Pegu (Bago)
1370
Shan state of Kale becomes tributary of Ava
1373
North Arakan asks for a Burmese regent
1383
by 28 October
Princess Maha Dewi becomes regent of Hanthawaddy Pegu
1384
4 January
Razadarit becomes king of Pegu
1385
Forty Years' War between Ava and Hanthawaddy Pegu begins
1389
Razadarit consolidates all three Mon -speaking regions in Lower Burma
1400
April
Tarabya becomes king of Ava
25 November
Minkhaung I becomes king of Ava
Year
Date
Event
1406
Arakan vassal to Ava or Hanthawaddy Pegu (To Ava: 1406–1407, 1412–1413; To Pegu 1407–1412; 1413–1422/(1430?) (to 1430)
Ava conquers Shan States of Mohnyin , Mogaung , Hsipaw
1415
13 March
Minye Kyawswa killed in action
1430
16 November
Min Saw Mon founds city of Mrauk-U [ 6]
1437
Mrauk-U conquers Thandwe , unifying the entire Arakan coast for the first time
1459
Mrauk-U conquers Chittagong
1446
Chinese invade Upper Burma, demanding surrender of a runaway Shan chief. His dead body was given up. Chinese records say events occurred in 1448–1449
1450
Binnya Kyan increases the height of the Shwedagon Pagoda to 302 feet
Rise of early Burmese vernacular literature
1480
Multiple rebellions by its vassals against Ava's rule. Prome, Yamethin and Mohnyin break away (to 1490)
1482
Thado Minsaw successfully breaks away from Ava, founds Prome Kingdom
1485
Mingyi Nyo becomes ruler of Toungoo; stays loyal to Ava
Year
Date
Event
1603
De Brito at Syriam declares independence from Arakan, repels Arakanese attacks (to 1605)
1609
Portuguese mercenary Tibao captures Sandwip in East Bengal, northernmost Arakanese territory
1613
29 March
Anaukpetlun captures Portuguese Syriam
1614
December
Anaukpetlun recaptures the Tenasserim coast down to Tavoy, and all of Lan Na
1617
Min Khamaung recovers Sandwip. Beginning of Arakanese raids on Dakha
1619
English East India Company sends a representative to Pegu
1625
Arakanese sack Dakha
1627
English and Dutch East India companies open branches in Burma
1635
Capital moved to Ava from Pegu
1638
Thalun 's revenue inquest
1660
Arakanese use coined currency
1658
Yongli Emperor of Ming China given refuge at Sagaing
1659–1661
Renegade Ming forces occupy near Shan states and attack Ava
1662
15 January
Surrender of the Yongli Emperor to Qing forces
Siamese invasion of Lan Na and Tenasserim repelled (to 1664)
1666
January
Mogul Empire defeats Arakan and captures Chittagong Province
1677
English and Dutch East India companies close branches in Burma
1683
Dutch East India Company closes its branch in Arakan
1688
French East India Company opens a branch in Syriam
Year
Date
Event
1709
English open a branch in Syriam
1724
Meiteis raid Upper Burma (to 1749)
1727
October
Lan Na revolts; defeats Ava's attacks (1727–1728) and (1731–1732)
1735
China annexes northern Shan States (present-day Kachin State, northern Shan State, and trans-Salween Shan State)
1740
29 November
The Mon of Lower Burma break away, found Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Restored Hanthawaddy gradually pushes upcountry and captures Ava, ending the Tougnoo dynasty. The Siamese move up their control up the Tenasserim coast, taking Tavoy and then Martaban by 1751 (to March 1752)
1752
29 February
Alaungpaya founds the Konbaung dynasty
23 March
Toungoo dynasty falls
20 April
Konbaung-Hanthawaddy War begins
1753
26 April
English seize Negrais
1755
5 May
Alaungpaya captures Dagon , having conquered the Irrawaddy delta in April
1756
25 July
Alaungpaya captures French-defended Syriam.
Alaungpaya sends a punitive expedition to Manipur
1757
6 May
Pegu captured; end of Restored Hanthawaddy
1758
November
Konbaung armies overrun Manipur, reassert Burmese authority in northern Shan States which had been annexed by the Chinese in the 1730s (to 1759)
1759
6 October
English driven out at Negrais
1760
May
Burmese invasion of Siam falls short; regains the Tenasserim coast to Tavoy
1763
January
Lanna rebellion put down
1765
January–March
Burmese armies capture Laotian states of Luang Prabang and Vientiane
March
Hsinbyushin puts down a rebellion in Manipur
23 July
Capital moved to Ava
23 August
Start of Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67)
December
Start of Chinese invasions (1765–69) of Burma
1767
7 April
Burmese armies sack Ayutthaya ; end of Ayutthaya Kingdom
1768
January–March
Burmese armies withdrawn from Siam and redeployed to the Chinese front. Burmese defenses against the Chinese invasions held. Siam recaptures all of its territories (except Tenasserim) (to 1770)
1769
22 December
End of Sino-Burmese War
1770
January
Rebellion in Manipur put down
1775
15 January
Lan Na (Chiang Mai) revolts, seeks and receives Siamese help.
April
Hsinbyushin raises the Shwedagon Pagoda to its present height
November
Another Burmese invasion of Siam fails; Southern Lan Na becomes Siamese vassal (to 1776)
1778
December
Laotian states (Luang Prabang and Vientiane) stop paying tribute, switch sides to Siam
1783
13 May
Capital moved to Amarapura
1785
2 January
Konbaung armies capture Mrauk U , ending five centuries of Arakanese independence
Bodawpaya's invasion of Siam fails; Lan Na now firmly in Siamese camp (to 1786)
1787
Defeats Siamese invasion of Tenasserim
1790
Resumes diplomatic relationship with China
1792
Defeats another Siamese invasion of Tenasserim
1797
Burmese invasion of Lan Na and Luang Prabang fails
Year
Date
Event
1920
First Rangoon University strike [citation needed ]
1921
The Dyarchy reforms begin
1930
Nationalist and leftist Dobama Asiayone founded
Peasants' rebellion (to 1932)
1936
Second Rangoon University strike [citation needed ]
1937
Burma is separated from British India and becomes a separate colony
1938
Third Rangoon University strike and nationwide strikes[citation needed ]
1941
Burma Independence Army formed with Japanese help
1942
Japanese occupation of Burma . Thai occupation of Kengtung (to 1945)
1945
Return of British rule
1947
12 February
Panglong Agreement signed by Shan , Kachin , Chin and Burman leaders to gain independence from the British[ 7]
19 July
Aung San and most of his cabinet assassinated. U Nu and his AFPFL party prepare to take power from the British by finishing Burma's first constitution[ 8]
24 September
1947 Constitution guarantees the Federated Shan States (later Shan and Kayah states), Kachin State, and Karen State, the right to secede after a period of ten years after independence
1948
4 January
Burma gains independence from the United Kingdom with U Nu as Prime Minister[ 9]
1949
Insurgencies begin
1950
Burmese Army repels Nationalist Chinese invasion of Shan State (to 1961)
1958
Caretaker government, led by army Chief of Staff General Ne Win , formed following a split in the ruling AFPFL party. (Caretaker Gov. rule until 1960)
1960
U Nu's party faction wins decisive victory in 1960 elections , but his promotion of Buddhism as the state religion and his tolerance of separatism angers the military.
1961
U Thant becomes 3rd Secretary-General of the United Nations . Yangon hosts Second Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
1962
2 March
Democratically elected government of U Nu is overthrown by Ne Win, who abolishes the federal system and inaugurates "the Burmese Way to Socialism " – nationalising the economy, forming a single-party state with the BSPP as the sole political party, and banning independent newspapers
7 July
Government guns down student protesters
1969
Yangon hosts Fifth Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
1974
Ne Win proclaims a new constitution . Chin Special Division becomes Chin State ; Mon State is created out of Tenasserim Division . Government guns down student protesters following U Thant's death
1985
Repeated demonetization of higher denomination kyat notes; Intensification of economic hardship on general populace (to 1987)
1988
Nationwide uprising brings down Ne Win's government. Military crushes protests, forms a ruling junta , promises elections
1989
Junta changes the English spellings of geographic names, including the country's name (to Myanmar)
1990
National League for Democracy wins 82% of the seats in the general election . Junta refuses to hand over power, jails NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi
Western nations and Japan begin economic sanctions against Myanmar
1991
Aung San Suu Kyi is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
1997
Myanmar is admitted to ASEAN
^ (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 143): The calendar was reset in year 640 CE. The starting epochal date of the Burmese calendar was 22 March 638. Year 2 of the Burmese calendar began on 21 March 640 per (Eade 1989: 39).
Aung-Thwin, Michael (2005). The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824828868 .
Charney, Michael W. (2006). Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752–1885 . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
Hall, D.G.E. (1960). Burma (3rd ed.). Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 978-1-4067-3503-1 .
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 . London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma . New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
Kala, U (1720). Maha Yazawin Gyi (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Kyaw Thet (1962). History of Burma (in Burmese). Yangon: Yangon University Press.
Myat Soe, ed. (1964). Myanma Swezon Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 9 (1 ed.). Yangon: Sarpay Beikman .
Myint-U, Thant (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps—Histories of Burma . Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6 .
Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2004 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Than Tun (December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". Journal of Burma Research Society . XLII (II).
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