Timeline of Argentine history
This is a timeline of Argentine history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Argentina and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Argentina. See also the list of heads of state of Argentina.
BC
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| c. 10,000 BC | The earliest traces of humans are dated from the Paleolithic period, and there are further signs in the Mesolithic and Neolithic.[1] However, large areas of the interior were apparently depopulated during an extensive dry period between 4000 and 2000 BC.[2] | |
| 500 BC | Irrigation permitted development of sedentary agriculture of staple crops in western and northwestern Andean region |
Centuries: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th – 9th – 10th – 11th – 12th – 13th – 14th – 15th – 16th – 17th – 18th – 19th – 20th
1st century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Several corn-based civilizations developed in the western and northwestern Andean region (Ansilta, Condorhuasi, Cienaga, Aguada, Santa Maria, Huarpes, Diaguitas, Sanavirones, among others) |
6th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 600 | Development of metallurgical technologies, permitting elaborate bronzeworks |
7th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 700 | Cueva de las Manos was last inhabited, with the final cave dwellers possibly being ancestors of the Tehuelche tribes.[3][4][5] |
9th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 850 | Emergence of fortified urban settlements |
15th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1480 | The Inca Empire, under the rule of emperor Pachacutec, launched an offensive and conquered present-day northwestern Argentina, integrating it into a region called Qullasuyu |
16th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1516 | Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís first European explorer to visit Río de la Plata, on territory which is now Argentina; Díaz de Solís killed and supposedly cannibalised by native Charrúa, Querandí or Guaraní | |
| 1526 | Sebastian Cabot sailed up Paraná River and built short-lived fort near modern Rosario | |
| 1536 | Santa María del Buen Ayre founded by Pedro de Mendoza on site of modern Buenos Aires | |
| 1541 | Santa María del Buen Ayre settlement abandoned after indigenous attacks | |
| 1553 | Santiago del Estero founded by Francisco de Aguirre (some claim 1550) | |
| 1561 | Mendoza founded | |
| 1562 | San Juan founded | |
| 1573 | Córdoba and Santa Fe founded | |
| 1580 | Permanent colony re-established by Spain on the site of Buenos Aires as part of the Viceroyalty of Peru; initial settlement was primarily overland from Peru | |
| 1582 | Salta founded | |
| 1591 | La Rioja founded | |
| 1593 | San Salvador de Jujuy founded |
17th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1609 | First Jesuit missions to the Guaraní founded in the Upper Paraná area. San Ignacio in Misiones | |
| 1613 | National University of Córdoba founded by Jesuits | |
| 1657 | Diaguita rebellion led by Spanish rebel, Pedro Bohórquez | |
| 1661 | San Ignacio school in Córdoba founded by Jesuits | |
| 1680 | The Portuguese established a trading post across the Rio de la Plata from Buenos Aires | |
| 1685 | City of Tucumán moved to present location |
18th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1767 | Jesuits expelled from Spanish territories | |
| 1776 | Establishment of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (Spanish: Virreinato del Río de la Plata) comprising today's Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, as well as much of present-day Bolivia, declared with Buenos Aires as its capital | |
| 1794 | Establishment of the Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires |
19th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1806 | British invasions of the River Plate unsuccessfully attempt to establish control over Spain's southern colonies as part of the Napoleonic Wars. Spanish troops offer no defence but British repelled by local civilians and militias (to 1807) | |
| 1810 | May | Secret meetings in 1810 organised a petition for an open meeting – Cabildo Abierto |
| The petition was refused by viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, but popular protest forced his hand on 22 May. | ||
| 22 May | The Cabildo opened its session with 251 of the city's most prominent citizens, and discussed the future government of the provinces. | |
| 23 May | The assembly voted for the removal of the viceroy and the creation of the Primera Junta of locals to govern Buenos Aires, proclaiming loyalty to Ferdinand VII. This was properly agreed and the Junta sworn in on 25 May. | |
| Unsuccessful military campaigns in Paraguay and Alto Perú failed to gather support for joint action by the entire viceroyalty against Spanish forces (to 1811). | ||
| May | News of Napoleon's invasion of Spain caused a power vacuum in Buenos Aires leading to a series of events known as the May Revolution. | |
| December | Junta Grande, with delegates from other provinces of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, replaced Primera Junta. | |
| 1811 | September | First Triumvirate of Feliciano Chiclana, Juan José Paso and Manuel de Sarratea replaced Junta Grande. |
| 1812 | 23 August | The Jujuy Exodus was led by Manuel Belgrano, with several thousand soldiers and civilians retreating from Jujuy and Salta, to avoid military defeat and defections. |
| 8 October | Second Triumvirate of Nicolás Rodriguez Peña, Antonio Álvarez Jonte and Juan José Paso replaced First Triumvirate. | |
| 1813 | 3 February | The Battle of San Lorenzo, the first battle of José de San Martín in the Argentine War of Independence. |
| 31 January | The Assembly of the Year XIII called in February to plan further military campaigns and organise defence of Buenos Aires | |
| 1814 | 14–17 May | Battle of Buceo saw United Provinces' fleet defeat Spanish navy securing coast. |
| Second Triumvirate replaced by position of Supreme Director, first occupied by Gervasio Antonio de Posadas | ||
| 1815 | Defeats in battles in late 1815 led to final loss of modern Bolivia | |
| 1816 | March | An assembly of provincial delegates met as the Congress of Tucumán to discuss future military and political developments |
| 9 July | The Congress declared the independence of Argentina | |
| 1820 | The Battle of Cepeda took place between Unitarians who supported a strong centralised state, and Federals, largely provincial caudillo warlords who wanted decentralised authority. The Federals won and the February 1820 Treaty of Pilar declared Argentina as a federal country, although Unitarian ideals continued | |
| 1825 | The United Kingdom recognises Argentine independence. | |
| Deputies from the eastern bank of the Río de la Plata declare independence from Brazil, leading to the Cisplatine War. The 1827 Battle of Ituzaingó saw tactical success for Argentina. The war ended in 1828 with a treaty giving independence to Uruguay | ||
| 1828 | Luis Vernet establishes settlement on the Falkland Islands | |
| 1829 | 6 December | Juan Manuel de Rosas became governor of Buenos Aires Province |
| 1830 | Yaghan aboriginal Jemmy Button (Orundellico) taken from Tierra del Fuego to England by Robert FitzRoy on HMS Beagle | |
| 1831 | 4 January | Pacto Federal signed between provinces to protect federal nature of country |
| The Voyage of the Beagle with Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy visited the Río de la Plata, Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego (to 1834) | ||
| Argentine Governor of the Falkland Islands Luis Vernet is expelled by USS Lexington following his seizure of United States interests. New governor murdered in 1832 mutiny | ||
| 1833 | Juan Manuel de Rosas begins the First Conquest of the Desert | |
| 2 January | British forces re-occupy the Falkland Islands | |
| 1839 | Rosas made Supreme Chief of the Argentine Confederation | |
| 1852 | Rosas overthrown by Justo José de Urquiza following Battle of Caseros | |
| 1853 | 1 May | Constitution of Argentina agreed by assembly in Santa Fe, creating modern system of government |
| 1854 | Urquiza became first President of Argentina in modern sense but opposed by Buenos Aires, still opposed to federal project | |
| 1859 | Defeat of Unitarian forces led by Bartolomé Mitre by Urquiza and federals at Battle of Cepeda; Buenos Aires re-enters confederation | |
| 1861 | 20 March | Mendoza earthquake kills 6,000 to 12,000 citizens of Mendoza.[6] |
| 1864 | 13 November | Start of Paraguayan War between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, leading to utter defeat of Paraguay by 1870 |
| 1878 | Commencement of the Conquest of the Desert against indigenous inhabitants of the south led by Julio Argentino Roca; final surrender by 1884 | |
| 1880 | Roca became president, finally defeated federals and moved capital to Buenos Aires from Rosario | |
| 1884 | September | Gold is discovered near Cape Virgenes sparking the Tierra del Fuego gold rush |
| 1890 | 26 June | Founding of the Radical Civic Union (UCR) or Radical Party |
| The Panic of 1890 brought the Baring Brothers bank in London close to collapse after disastrous investments in Argentina | ||
| 1895 | Mandatory military service (Conscription) established |
20th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1902 | The Drago Doctrine is announced by the Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs Luis María Drago.[7] | |
| 1912 | February | Sáenz Peña Law introduces universal, secret and compulsory male suffrage, end of the Generation of '80 |
| 1916 | 12 October | Start of presidency of Hipólito Yrigoyen, UCR democratic reformist |
| 1918 | Students strikes and demonstrations enforce the university reform of shared powers between teachers, graduates and students | |
| 1927 | 10 October | Fabrica Militar de Aviones aircraft factory founded in Cordoba |
| 1930 | Military coup deposed Yrigoyen, starting the 'Infamous Decade' | |
| 1931 | General Agustín Pedro Justo declared winner of Presidency following 'patriotic fraud' in election | |
| 1943 | 'National Revolution' led by nationalist military officers including Colonel Juan Perón; ensured continued non-intervention in World War II | |
| 1944 | 15 January | San Juan earthquake destroys provincial capital, kills 10,000.[8] |
| 1945 | Argentina enters World War II on the side of the Allies and admitted as founding member of United Nations | |
| Perón arrested then freed after major popular protest by those known as the Descamisados | ||
| 1946 | 4 June | Perón elected president; re-elected to presidency in 1951 |
| 15 May | Indigenous people march in Malón de la Paz to Buenos Aires to demand land rights | |
| 1947 | Women's suffrage is approved | |
| 1950 | First flight of the FMA IAe 33 Pulqui II, the first jet fighter to be entirely developed and built in Latin America. | |
| 31 May | The National Atomic Energy Commission (Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CNEA) is founded | |
| 1952 | 26 July | Death of Eva Perón |
| 1955 | September | Perón ousted in 'Liberating Revolution' military coup |
| 1956 | INTA (National Agricultural Technology Institute), is created | |
| 1957 | INTI (National Institute of Industrial Technology), is created | |
| 1958 | ARA Independencia, the first aircraft carrier of the Argentine Navy, enters service | |
| 1962 | 29 March | Military coup ended presidency of civilian Arturo Frondizi |
| 1966 | General Juan Carlos Onganía assumed power and represses political parties | |
| 1967 | 9 October | Death of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara |
| 1969 | May | In the Cordobazo protests, thousands of citizens routed the army and police and took control of Córdoba for two days |
| A counterinsurgency aircraft, the FMA IA 58 Pucará, flies for the first time | ||
| Aircraft carrier ARA Veinticinco de Mayo replaces ARA Independencia | ||
| 1970 | General Alejandro Agustín Lanusse emerged as president after Onganía toppled | |
| Civil conflict and terrorist attacks, principally by left-wing Montoneros and Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo opposed by paramilitary Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (to 1976) | ||
| 1973 | 20 June | The Ezeiza massacre takes place upon Perón's return from exile, when members of the Triple A open fire on the crowd awaiting him. |
| Democratic elections brought Peronist Héctor José Cámpora to power; Perón elected president in fresh elections later that year | ||
| 1974 | Atucha Nuclear Power Plant, the first nuclear power plant in Latin America, began operation | |
| Death of Juan Perón, leaving widow Isabel Perón as president | ||
| 1976 | 24 March | A military coup deposed Isabel Perón |
| The Proceso de Reorganización Nacional military government led by Jorge Videla repressed political and armed opposition through use of torture, forced disappearance and extrajudicial killing up of to 30,000 people (to 1983) | ||
| 1 September | The high tech company INVAP is created.[9] | |
| 1978 | June | Argentina hosted and won the 1978 FIFA World Cup |
| Argentina refused the binding Beagle Channel arbitration and started the Operation Soberanía in order to invade Chile | ||
| 1982 | April | Leader General Leopoldo Galtieri sent troops to the Falkland Islands triggering Falklands War; British task force retook islands by mid-June |
| 1983 | 10 December | Military government collapsed; election of Radical Raúl Alfonsín as president |
| 1984 | 20 January | Embalse Nuclear Power Station began operations |
| 6 October | The trainer aircraft FMA IA-63 Pampa flight for the first time. | |
| 29 November | The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina ends border dispute over Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands | |
| 1985 | La Historia Oficial film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film | |
| 1986 | Argentina wins 1986 FIFA World Cup, captained by Diego Maradona | |
| 1987 | April | First uprising by Carapintadas, commanded by Colonel Aldo Rico,[10] two arrested. Alfonsín declares La casa está en orden (The house is in order) |
| 1988 | January | Second Carapintada revolt, again under Rico's command in January, 300 arrested |
| Third and last Carapintada uprising, led by Mohamed Alí Seineldín, two arrested | ||
| 1989 | Dissident military group attacks La Tablada regiment, but are finally seized | |
| Hyper-inflation and political turmoil brings Peronist Carlos Menem to power in election | ||
| 1990 | Neo-liberal economic policies and privatisations brought general strikes, hunger strikes and political party realignments | |
| 1991 | Argentine peso pegged to United States dollar | |
| Argentina is the only Latin American country to participate in the first Gulf War under mandate of the United Nations | ||
| Mercosur customs union founded by the Treaty of Asunción | ||
| Argentina, Brazil and Chile signed the Mendoza Declaration prohibiting Chemical Weapons | ||
| 1992 | Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires killed 29 in terrorist attack | |
| 1993 | Argentina joins UNFICYP mission at Cyprus. As of 2006, ground troops and helicopters are serving there and since 1999 have other Latin American countries troops embedded. | |
| 1994 | Following the Pact of Olivos, the constitution reform is agreed, allowing Presidents to serve second consecutive term | |
| Bombing of AMIA Jewish Community Centre in Buenos Aires, killing 85 | ||
| The murder of Conscript Omar Carrasco led to the abolition of Conscription | ||
| 1995 | Menem won second term | |
| Argentina acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty | ||
| FMA privatized into Lockheed Martin Aircraft Argentina | ||
| 1996 | Radical Fernando de la Rúa elected first Mayor of Buenos Aires | |
| 1997 | Radicals, left-wing FrePaSo and others joined forces as Alianza electoral alliance to oppose Menem and Peronists | |
| The A-4AR Fightinghawk enter service in the Argentine Air Force | ||
| 1998 | U.S. President Bill Clinton designated Argentina as a major non-NATO ally | |
| 1999 | De la Rúa won Presidency as head of the Alianza, but was confronted by growing economic crisis | |
| In one of the worst accidents in the history of Argentinian aviation, LAPA Flight 3142 crash at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery airport resulted in 65 fatalities. | ||
| 2000 | High tech company INVAP is chosen by Australia to design and construct the OPAL nuclear reactor | |
| Vice-President Carlos Álvarez resigned in protest political bribes scandal, precipitating crisis in ruling alliance |
21st century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | In March, the remaining FrePaSo ministers resigned from government in protest at economic and labour reforms | |
| November | The government responded to a run on banks by limiting access to bank deposits in the corralito | |
| December | Events that have become known as the Argentinazo took place:
| |
| 2002 | Duhalde imposes further financial measures, including converting dollar accounts to pesos, scrapping 1:1 parity with the dollar, and social measures to bring economy under control | |
| 2003 | Former President Carlos Menem wins first round of presidential election but pulls out facing certain defeat, handing victory to fellow Peronist Néstor Kirchner | |
| 2004 | April | More than 100,000 people demonstrated in Buenos Aires in support of Juan Carlos Blumberg, father of murdered student Axel Blumberg, demanding harsher criminal laws.[11] |
| Kirchner pursued Argentine debt restructuring | ||
| Natural gas supply shortage produced tension with Chile | ||
| 1 September | Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty established in Buenos Aires | |
| 30 December | A fire in the República Cromagnon nightclub in Buenos Aires kills 194 people and injures over 1,000.[12] | |
| 2005 | February | Relations between Catholic Church and government broke down between military chaplain and minister over abortion |
| Supreme Court overruled 'Laws of Pardon' that were used to pardon military figures of the Dirty War | ||
| First disputes of the Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay | ||
| October | Mid-term elections saw a massive split in the Justicialist Party between Kirchner's centre-left Front for Victory faction and the rump of his former patron Duhalde and other provincial leaders; Front for Victory wins by large margin | |
| Massive demonstrations against U.S. President George W. Bush at the 4th Summit of the Americas in Mar del Plata | ||
| December | Kirchner announced cancellation of IMF debt with single, final payment | |
| 2006 | March | Buenos Aires mayor Aníbal Ibarra removed from office following accusations of negligence regarding the República Cromagnon nightclub fire of 2004 |
| 2007 | 9 October | Catholic priest Christian von Wernich is found guilty of involvement in seven murders and 42 cases of kidnapping and torture related to the state-sponsored Dirty War. Von Wernich is sentenced to life imprisonment. |
| 10 December | Cristina Kirchner assumes as new president of Argentina. | |
| 2010 | 22 July | Same-sex marriage has been legal in Argentina |
| 2020 | December | The abortion law was liberalized when the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy Bill was passed by the National Congress.[13][14][15] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Santillán, p. 17
- ^ A Gil, M Zárate & G Neme (2005), Mid-Holocene paleoenvironments and the archeological record of southern Mendoza, Argentina. Quat. Intern. 132: 81-94.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ Art & Place: Site-Specific Art of the Americas. Editorial Director: Amanda Renshaw; Text & Expertise provided by Daniel Arsenault et al. Phaidon Press. 2013. pp. 354–355. ISBN 978-0-7148-6551-5. OCLC 865298990. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Fanning, Irene; Glusberg, Jorge; Frei, Cheryl Jiménez; Perazzo, Nelly; Hartop, Christopher; Pérez, Jorge F. Rivas; Corcuera, Ruth; Reyes, Marta Arciprete de; Vaquero, Julieta Zunilda (9 March 2020). "Argentina, Republic of". Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press (published 2003). doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t003988. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ "Historical earthquakes". www.inpres.gov.ar. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- ^ United States Army Combined Arms Center (17 September 2008). "Drago Doctrine". United States Army.
- ^ Listado de terremotos históricos Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
- ^ "INVAP - ECyT-ar". cyt-ar.com.ar. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ A., Payne, Leigh (2000). Uncivil movements : the armed right wing and democracy in Latin America. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801862426. OCLC 42289653.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Argentine crime sparks protests". BBC News. 2 April 2004.
- ^ "Argentina: 7 Members of Band Convicted in Club Fire". nytimes.com. 20 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- ^ Goñi, Uki; Phillips, Tom (30 December 2020). "Argentina legalises abortion in landmark moment for women's rights: Country becomes only the third in South America to permit elective abortions". Abortion. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ Politi, Daniel; Londoño, Ernesto (30 December 2020). "Argentina Legalizes Abortion, a Milestone in a Conservative Region: The Senate vote on Wednesday was a major victory for Latin America's growing feminist movement, and its ripple effects are likely to be widespread". Americas. The New York Times. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ "Abortion becomes legal in Argentina as Chile starts a debate". Buenos Aires Times. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- López Levy, Marcela, 2004. We are Millions: Neo-liberalism and new forms of political action in Argentina, Latin America Bureau, London. ISBN 1-899365-63-X
- Nouzeilles, Gabriela and Montaldo, Graciela (eds), 2002. The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Duke University Press, Durham and London. ISBN 0-8223-2914-X