Third Operation Ararat

Third Operation Ararat
	Part of Ararat Rebellion
	; From left to right: Halis Bey, Ihsan Nuri Pasha, Ferzende Bey
Date	October 1927 – September 17, 1930
Location	Karaköse Province (present day Ağrı Province), Turkey
Result	Kurdish Victory The rebellion could not be suppressed
Belligerents
Turkey	Republic of Ararat;
Commanders and leaders
?	Ihsan Nuri;

The Third Ararat Operation or the Third Ararat Uprising, on June 11, 1930, the Turkish army responded to the uprising. The Hoybun organization urgently called for the support of other Kurds for this uprising. This uprising was led by a majority of Kirmanji Kurds. The Kirmanji Kurds outnumbered the Dersimites. Because the Turkish military responded to Hoybun's call immediately around Igdir, Sipan Mountain and Van, the support was very small. The Turks temporarily halted their offensive on Ararat. The rebels were eliminated by the Turkish soldiers, who were very numerous.^[1]

The commander of the uprising, Ihsan Nuri Pasha, wrote a book about the role of Turkish airborne troops in crushing the Mount Ararat uprising, entitled La Révolte de L'Agridagh (The Mount Ararat Uprising). In the summer of 1930, Turkish planes were bombing Mount Ararat from all directions. According to Ihsan Nuri Pasha. The superiority of the Turkish planes demoralized the rebels and led to their surrender.

During the uprising, Turkish planes bombed several Kurdish tribes and villages. For example, the Helikanlı and Herki tribes were bombed on August 18, 1939 ^{[citation needed]}. Rebel villages were bombed continuously. The second one happened on August 2 and 29.^[2]

On June 12 and 19, 1930. Kurdish positions were heavily bombed. The Kurds retreated to higher parts of Mount Ararat. On June 9, Cumhuriyet newspaper reported that Turkish planes were "bombing Mount Ararat like rain". Kurds fleeing the bombardment were captured alive. On June 13, the uprising in Zilan was crushed. 10-15 air divisions were used to suppress the uprising. On June 16, 2 Turkish planes were shot down and both pilots were killed by the insurgents. The aerial bombardment continued for several days and the rebel forces retreated to an altitude of 5,000 meters.^[3] On June 21, many rebels were destroyed in the bombardment. During these operations, the Turkish army had 66,000 soldiers and 100 airplanes. This fight against the rebels ended on September 17, 1930.^[4]

The Ararat uprising was crushed in 1931 and Turkey continued to dominate the region.

Sources

^ Jwaideh, Wadie (June 19, 2006). The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 081563093X.
^ Nuri, İhsan (1992). Ihsan Nuri Pasha, La Révolte de L'Agridagh. Published in Geneva in 1985. In Turkish: Mount Ararat Rebellion, Med Basımevi, Istanbul.
^ Karaca, Emin (September 15, 2003). Ağrı Eteklerinde İsyan Bir Kürt Ayaklanmasının Anatomisi (in Turkish). ISBN 9789758658374.
^ Olson, Robert (July 1, 1989). The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. ISBN 0292720858.

[1] Jwaideh, Wadie (June 19, 2006). The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 081563093X.

[2] Nuri, İhsan (1992). Ihsan Nuri Pasha, La Révolte de L'Agridagh. Published in Geneva in 1985. In Turkish: Mount Ararat Rebellion, Med Basımevi, Istanbul.

[3] Karaca, Emin (September 15, 2003). Ağrı Eteklerinde İsyan Bir Kürt Ayaklanmasının Anatomisi (in Turkish). ISBN 9789758658374.

[4] Olson, Robert (July 1, 1989). The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. ISBN 0292720858.

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See also

Sources