The Firefly (1937 film)

The Firefly
The Firefly
Directed by	Robert Z. Leonard
Screenplay by	Frances Goodrich; Albert Hackett; Ogden Nash
Based on	The Firefly; 1912 operetta; by Otto A. Harbach
Produced by	Robert Z. Leonard; Hunt Stromberg
Starring	Jeanette MacDonald; Allan Jones ; Warren William
Cinematography	Oliver T. Marsh
Edited by	Robert Kern
Music by	Herbert Stothart; Rudolf Friml
Production; company	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Distributed by	Loew's Inc.
Release date	September 1, 1937;
Running time	131 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$1,495,000
Box office	$1,244,000 (Domestic earnings); $1,430,000 (Foreign earnings)

The Firefly is a 1937 American historical musical film directed by Robert Z. Leonard and starring Jeanette MacDonald, Allan Jones and Warren William. The film is an adaptation of the operetta of the same name by composer Rudolf Friml and librettist Otto A. Harbach that premiered on Broadway in 1912. The film used nearly all of the music from the operetta but jettisoned the plot in favor of a new storyline set in Spain during the time of the Emperor Napoleon I. It added a new song, "The Donkey Serenade" (a reworking by Herbert Stothart of Friml's 1918 orchestral piece 'Chanson'^[3]), which became extremely popular, as was one of the Friml songs, "Giannina Mia". The original release prints of the film were elaborately tinted with Sepia-Blue, Sepia-Orange and Sepia-Blue-Pink.^[4]

Plot

During the Peninsular War, secret agent Nina Maria Azara works undercover for Spanish King Ferdinand VII as a singer known as the "Firefly."^[5] She is much admired by French soldiers ("Danse Jeanette"), her unwitting sources of intelligence. During a performance ("Life is like a Firefly"), Nina Maria flirts with "Don Diego," who―unknown to her―is actually Captain Andre of French Intelligence. In return, he sings a tribute to her ("A Woman’s Kiss").

To her intelligence chief, the Marqués de Melito, Nina Maria reports that Napoleon is sending 30,000 more troops against the Allies. Alarmed, Melito orders her to determine whether King Ferdinand's Bayonne meeting to discuss terms with Napoleon is a trap.

On her way to Vitoria, Nina Maria is followed by "Don Diego," who expresses ardent admiration. While she discourages the unwanted escort, he serenades her mule instead ("The Donkey Serenade"), amusing her.

At the Vitoria inn, a contact instructs that a vendor in the Bayonne market will provide carrier pigeons upon hearing a password. "Don Diego," presents himself during her dinner, arranging for musicians to entertain her ("Ojos Rojos"). Andre charms her by pretend-romancing her in Venice ("Giannina Mia"); nevertheless, she instructs him away to await her in Madrid.

In Bayonne, Nina Maria entertains French troops ("He Who Loves and Runs Away") when she sees the persistent Andre and Colonel de Rouchemont arrive independently. Rouchemont, Napoleon’s aide, asks her to dinner at the chateau.

Nina Maria receives two carrier pigeons from her contact. "Don Diego" asks why a Spaniard is so friendly with the French. Her locket holds portraits of her parents, killed when the French invaded Spain 20 years before, but she replies it was long ago ("Sympathy").

When Andre asks Nina Maria whether she loves him, she replies that she does. Trumpets announce Napoleon’s arrival, and she says she must keep an appointment. Andre urges her not to go with Rouchemont; she gives him her locket as a love token. Nina Maria goes to the chateau ("When a Maid Comes Knocking at Your Heart"), where she sees Rouchemont’s papers revealing that the Spanish king is being lured to France to be arrested.

Noticing by their markings that the carrier pigeons have been substituted for French-trained ones, she realizes she is suspected as a spy. She suspects "Don Diego" might be a counterspy, particularly upon learning that the pigeon vendor has been arrested.

While the French Intelligence Chief listens, concealed in a closet, Nina Maria asks "Don Diego" to take a message to Vitoria. The Chief reveals the identity of Captain Andre, who first suspected her as an agent. Upon opening her message, however, they find a dinner order. Her test deftly avoided the trap, giving them no proof against her. As she departs France, Andre returns her locket, regrets his betrayal, and affirms that he loves her. She spurns him for being French.

Ferdinand VII abdicates, and Joseph Bonaparte rules as king of Spain as five years pass. French troops outnumber the Allies 80,000 to 50,000 and a strategic advantage is needed ("English March"). Undercover, Nina Maria again entertains French soldiers ("Capriccio Espagnol" Asturian folk dance origins). When Rouchemont sends for her, she claims the Spanish ostracized her for being a French sympathizer. While arranging a change of clothes for her, he catches her taking papers out of the lining of her ragged coat. The papers contain an accurate map of the French lines with code asking for verification. Andre, surprised to see Nina Maria, informs Rouchemont that the code indicates an attack in 5 hours. Rouchemont orders their entire formation changed, and the French send a deceptive message via Allied pigeons verifying the former positions.

Visiting Nina Maria in prison, Andre declares his love for her. As the Battle of Vitoria begins, she admits she was caught intentionally so the French would change their impregnable defensive positions, thus enabling Wellington and the Allies to win. During the battle, Andre is wounded severely ("I Love You Don Diego"/"Para la Salud"). Nina Maria is rescued by Melito, who announces the French have retreated and the war is over. Nina Maria finds Andre among the hospital wounded; on his recovery, they set out joyfully for a life together ("Finale").

Cast

Jeanette MacDonald as Nina Maria Azara
Allan Jones as Don Diego / Captain Andre
Warren William as Colonel de Rouchemont
Billy Gilbert as Inn Keeper
Douglass Dumbrille as Marqués de Melito
Henry Daniell as General Savary
Leonard Penn as Etienne DuBois
Tom Rutherford as King Ferdinard
Belle Mitchell as Lola
George Zucco as St. Clair, Secret Service Chief
Corbet Morris as Duvall
Matthew Boulton as Duke of Wellington
Riley Hill (credited as Roy Harris) - Lieutenant
Frank Campeau as Beggar (uncredited)
Alan Curtis as Soldier (uncredited)
Brandon Hurst as General (uncredited)

Musical numbers

DANSE JEANETTE
- Written by Herbert Stothart
- Danced by Jeanette MacDonald
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald
LOVE IS LIKE A FIREFLY
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Otto A. Harbach, Bob Wright and Chet Forrest
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald
A WOMAN'S KISS
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Bob Wright and Chet Forrest
- Sung by Allan Jones
- Backgroung vocal by Jeanette MacDonald
THE DONKEY SERENADE
- Music by Bob Wright, Chet Forrest, and Herbert Stothart, adapted from "Chanson" by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Bob Wright and Chet Forrest
- Sung by Allan Jones
OJOS ROJOS (uncredited)
- Argentine Folk Song
- Arranged by Manuel Alvarez Maciste
- Played by Manuel Alvarez Maciste
GIANNINA MIA
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Otto A. Harbach
- Sung by Allan Jones
HE WHO LOVES AND RUNS AWAY
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Gus Kahn
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald
SYMPATHY
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Otto A. Harbach
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald
WHEN A MAID COMES KNOCKING AT YOUR HEART
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Otto A. Harbach, Bob Wright & Chet Forrest
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald
ENGLISH MARCH
- Sung by Chorus
I LOVE YOU DON DIEGO
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Otto A. Harbach
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald
PARA LA SALUD
- Arranged by Herbert Stothart
- Danced by Jeanette MacDonald
THE DONKEY SERENADE
- Music by Rudolf Friml and Herbert Stothart
- Lyrics by Bob Wright and Chet Forrest
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald and Allan Jones
FINALE: "GIANNINA MIA"
- Music by Rudolf Friml
- Lyrics by Otto A. Harbach
- Sung by Jeanette MacDonald and Allan Jones

References

^ ^a ^b ^c The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study.
^ ^a ^b ^c Turk Edward Baron "Hollywood Diva: A Biography of Jeanette MacDonald (University of California Press, 1998)"
^ "Chanson 'In Love'". hyperion-records.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
^ Westphal, Kyle (September 3, 2013). "The True Story of Tinted Talkies: An Interview with Anthony L'Abbate". Chicago Film Society.
^ Erlewine, Iotis. "The Firefly (1937)". allmovie.com. Retrieved 5 November 2021.

Green, Stanley (1999) Hollywood Musicals Year by Year (2nd ed.), pub. Hal Leonard Corporation ISBN 0-634-00765-3 page 74

External links

The Firefly at IMDb
The Firefly at the TCM Movie Database
The Firefly at AllMovie
The Firefly at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films

[Mannix-1] The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study.

[Turk-2] Turk Edward Baron "Hollywood Diva: A Biography of Jeanette MacDonald (University of California Press, 1998)"

[3] "Chanson 'In Love'". hyperion-records.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2021.

[4] Westphal, Kyle (September 3, 2013). "The True Story of Tinted Talkies: An Interview with Anthony L'Abbate". Chicago Film Society.

[5] Erlewine, Iotis. "The Firefly (1937)". allmovie.com. Retrieved 5 November 2021.

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