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The Cloud Dream of the Nine

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The title page of Gale's translation, The Westminster Press

The Cloud Dream of the Nine, also translated as The Nine Cloud Dream (Korean: 구운몽; Hanja: 九雲夢; RR: Kuunmong), is a 17th-century Korean novel set in the Chinese Tang dynasty.[1] Although widely-attributed to Kim Man-jung, there have been some arguments about whether he was the original author.[2] However, as both a Hangul and fantasy novel, it was not something a Korean scholar of the 17th century would own up to writing.[3] The consensus of the Korean scholarly community is that Kim Man-jung was the author.[3]

It has been called "one of the most beloved masterpieces in Korean literature."[4] It was the first literary work from Korea to be translated into English, by James Scarth Gale in 1922. Richard Rutt's translation entitled A Nine Cloud Dream appeared in 1974. In 2019, Heinz Insu Fenkl published a new translation entitled The Nine Cloud Dream including his lengthy introduction with Penguin Classics[2] which was hailed by The New York Times as one of the most anticipated books of 2019.[5]

The Cloud Dream of the Nine is written by a scholar well versed in Classical Chinese literature and expresses Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist concepts,[6][7][8][9] and could be called a Buddhist romance. The oldest existing text of the book was written in Classical Chinese.[10][11][12][13]

Plot

[edit]

(The plot is translated from the German wikipage: Guunmong.[14])

The framework of the story is the education of the youngest monk, Hsing-chen, in the monastery on the Lotus Peak. He is sent to the Dragon King by his master Liu-kuan. On the way back he meets eight fairies on a bridge. Since he cannot avoid them, he has a conversation with them, after which he is seen to have worldly desires. He is banished by his master to hell (the world of humans.) There he receives his punishment: he is reborn as the son of a hermit and his wife. This is how the story of Yang Shao-yu begins, who forgets his previous life as a Buddhist monk early in childhood.

His father leaves the family when Yang Shao-yu is ten years old. At the age of 14, Shao-yu says goodbye to his mother to take the civil service examination in the capital. On the journey to Chang'an he meets Ch'in Ts'ai-feng, the daughter of an official, and is prevented from traveling any further due to war. A year later, in Luoyang, he meets Ch'an-Yüeh, who is highly respected in a circle of poets. He travels on to the capital, where he takes first place in the civil service examination. In the capital, he disguises himself as a qin player in order to meet the daughter of Minister Cheng, Ch'iung-pei, with whom he eventually becomes engaged. Due to his talent, the emperor sends him to wars in which Yang Shao-yu's tactics help the imperial troops to victory, and the emperor appoints him chancellor. He is supposed to marry the emperor's sister, Princess Lan-yang, but this is only possible after his fiancée Ch'iung-pei has been adopted by the empress dowager. Yang Shao-yu is allowed to marry the two women and bring all the other female acquaintances from his previous journeys to court as concubines - these eight women are the fairies he met as Hsing-chen in front of the bridge.

After Yang Shao-yu retires after many years and with children and grandchildren, he becomes aware of how quickly the lives of great men pass and he wants to devote himself to Buddhism. At this point, a monk visits him and asks him if he no longer remembers him. It is his master Liu-kuan who wakes him up again as Hsing-chen: he had dreamed it all. (But which was the dream?)

[edit]
  • Uhm Jung-hwa's 2017 studio album The Cloud Dream Of The Nine is named after the novel.
[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  • The Classical Chinese original in Wikisource
  • An English translation by J.S. Gale (1922; The cloud dream of the nine, a Korean novel : a story of the times of the Tangs of China about 840 A.D) in the Internet Archive
  • "The Nine Cloud Dream with Heinz Insu Fenkl". YouTube. The Korea Society. 2019-02-22.
  • "Classical Chinese text 구운몽(九雲夢)". Center for Overseas Resources on Korean Studies. Korea University. 2009-07-16.

References

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  1. ^ Kuunmong: The Cloud Dream of the Nine Man-jung Kim, James S. Gale "a story of true faith tested by worldly ambition, set in Tang Dynasty China; a love story, and a classic expression of Confucian values in conflict with Buddhist beliefs."
  2. ^ a b Fenkl, Heinz Insu. "Kuunmong A Translator's Note". Azalea: Journal of Korean Literature and Culture. 7 (2014): 357–362.
  3. ^ a b Fenkl, Heinz Insu (2019). Introduction, The Nine Cloud Dream (Kim Man-jung). Penguin Books.ISBN 978-0143131274
  4. ^ "Most Anticipated: The Great First-Half 2019 Book Preview". The Millions. 2019-01-08. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  5. ^ "The Nine Cloud Dream by Kim Man-jung | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  6. ^ "Introduction to Kuunmong: The Cloud Dream of the Nine | Kurodahan Press". www.kurodahan.com. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
  7. ^ Yetts, W. Perceval (April 1925). "The Cloud Dream of the Nine. By Kim Man-choong. Translated by J. S. Gale. 8¾ × 5½, 307 pp. + 16 illustrations. London : D. O'Connor, 1922". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 57 (2): 355–356. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00068982. ISSN 2051-2066. S2CID 163078843.
  8. ^ Kim, Man-Choong (2016). The Cloud Dream of the Nine. Literature Translation Institute of Korea. ISBN 9788993360844.
  9. ^ Yetts, W (April 1925). "The Cloud Dream of the Nine". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 57 (2): 355–356. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00068982. S2CID 163078843.
  10. ^ Ian Philip McGreal Great literature of the Eastern World: the major works of prose 1996 Page 429 "One proclaims that The Cloud Dream of the Nine was originally written in Korean and later translated into Chinese. The other insists on the opposite view, arguing that the oldest extant woodblock version that can be found today is written in ..."
  11. ^ Peter H. Lee Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: From the 17th century to the ... 1996 -- Volume 2 - Page 11 "Koreans still wrote poetry in classical Chinese, conforming to rigid Chinese rhyme schemes, but they also wrote more and ... and novel-length stories that deliberately blurred the line between the real and the imagined (A Nine Cloud Dream)."
  12. ^ Peter H. Lee, William Theodore De Bary Francisca Cho Bantly Embracing Illusion: Truth and Fiction in The Dream of the Nine Clouds- 1996
  13. ^ Sources of Korean Tradition: from the sixteenth to the twentieth ... - 2000 -- Page 10 "... deliberately blurred the line between the real and the imagined (A Nine Cloud Dream). Those seventeenth-century stories may have been originally written in classical Chinese, but hangul versions were circulating by the eighteenth century, "
  14. ^ "Guunmong", Wikipedia (in German), 2024-08-19, retrieved 2024-09-29


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