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Bihar Regiment

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Bihar Regiment
Regimental Insignia of the Bihar Regiment
Active1941–Present
CountryIndia British India 1941-1947
 India 1947-Present
Branch Indian Army
TypeLine Infantry
RoleInfantry
Size26 Battalions
Regimental CentreDanapur Cantonment, Patna
Nickname(s)
  • Veer Biharis
  • Killer Machines
  • Jungle Warriors
  • Bajrang Bali's Army
Motto(s)Karam Hi Dharam (Work is Worship)
War CriesJai Bajrang Bali (Victory to Bajrang Bali) and Birsa Munda Ki Jai (Victory to Birsa Munda)[1]
Engagements
DecorationsPre Independence[2]

Post Independence[2]

Battle honoursHaka, Gangaw and Batalik.
Commanders
Colonel of the RegimentIC-47064W Maj Gen Manoj Natrajan, SC VSM
Notable
commanders
  • Lt Gen Joginder Singh Gharaya, MVC, KC, VSM
  • Lt Gen Sant Singh
  • Col Umesh Kumar Ojha
  • Lt Gen K S Mann, PVSM
  • Lt Gen A R K Reddy, PVSM, AVSM
  • Lt Gen O S Lohchab, PVSM, AVSM, VSM
  • Lt Gen Amarjeet Singh, PVSM, AVSM**, SM
Insignia
Regimental InsigniaThe Ashoka Lion

The Bihar Regiment is an Indian Army infantry regiment.[3] It traces its origins back to the British Indian Army.[4] The Bihar Regiment was formed in 1941 by regularising the 11th (Territorial) Battalion, the 19th  Hyderabad Regiment, and raising new battalions. The Bihar Regimental Centre (BRC) is located at Danapur Cantonment, Patna, the second oldest cantonment of India. INS Vikramaditya, the Indian Navy's largest ship and one of its two aircraft carriers is affiliated to the Bihar Regiment, Indian Army's highly decorated and battle-hardened unit.

Bihari martial tradition

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The martial tradition of Bihar troops in the era of British rule traces its origins to the 34th sepoy battalion raised in 1757 by Lord Clive of the British East India Company at Patna.[5] The battalion was formed by men entirely from the Bhojpur (Arrah) district. Later battalions recruited from the entire Shahabad area (the present day districts of Bhojpur (Arrah), Buxar, Rohtas & Kaimur in Bihar).[5] Their success in combat impressed Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1763, who began raising units trained in western combat techniques. Bihari battalions raised by Mir Kasim defeated the British in some engagements. The Bihari, or Purbiya, soldiers thereafter made up the backbone of the Bengal Infantry of the British Colonial Army.[6]

They were not only excellent soldiers but also quick to learn and apply the tactical drills with initiative. They were disciplined when led by good officers but capable of hostility when their beliefs and customs were disregarded. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the introduction of greased cartridges (thought to be done so with a mixture of beef and pork fat—abhorrent to Hindus and Muslims),[7] was led by Bihari troops, who preferred being blown by the guns exploding to losing their faith. Thereafter, Biharis were not encouraged to enter military service by the British until after World War I.[8]

Their victories at home including those of Buxar, Karnatic and Maratha Wars along with those in Malaya, Sumatra and Egypt won them laurels.[9]

Composition and Recruitment

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As the name suggests, Bihar Regiment only recruits from the state of old Bihar (i.e. present-day Bihar and Jharkhand). Most of the troops are from the state of present-day Bihar, around 90%, and 10% are from present-day Jharkhand.[citation needed]

Bihar Regiment Controversy

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In 2020, a controversy arose when the Bihar Regiment was associated with only Bihar state and not the country as a whole. Following this incident, Sanjay Raut, a Shiv Sena member of parliament said that an army regiment, regardless of its name, belongs to a nation, not a state. It should not be assumed that the sacrifices of the Bihar Regiment are only the responsibility of the state of Bihar because each regiment has people from different parts of the country.[10]

History

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The Bihar Regiment was formed in 1941 during World War II by regularising the 11th (Territorial) Battalion, 19th Hyderabad Regiment as the 1st Battalion Bihar Regiment. The 2nd Battalion was raised in 1942.

Crest of the Regiment

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The Bihar Regiment's crest was adopted from the three headed lions of Ashoka. Captain Habibullah Khan Khattak, as acting Commanding Officer, 1st Bihar Battalion (Later Major General in Pak Army) selected the crest in 1941. In 1945, the then Governor of Bihar, Sir Thomas Rutherford when visiting 1st Bihar at Shillong was so impressed with the regimental crest, that he requested Lt. Colonel Habibullah Khan Khattak's permission to adopt the emblem for the Bihar Government. The Bihar Government then published gazette notification in May 1945 adopting the crest. Post Independence, Government of India too adopted the three headed Ashoka lions as Government of India Crest.[9]

Bihar Regiment in World War II

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The newly raised 1 Bihar saw action in the Burma Campaign. The battalion was part of the famous Lushai Brigade and captured Haka on 19 October 1944 and Gangaw on 11 January 1945.[11] 2 Bihar formed part of Operation Zipper under Lieutenant Colonel (Later Lieutenant General) Sant Singh for the reoccupation of British Malaya.

In recognition of the gallant actions, the Battalion was awarded two Battle Honours namely Haka and Gangaw and was also bestowed with the Theatre Honour of Burma.[11]

History after Independence

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Thereafter, both battalions participated in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 in the Kashmir Valley during 1948–49.

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, 7 Bihar captured Bedori, paving the way for the capture of Haji Pir Pass.

The Bihar Regiment Centre Contingent passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 68th Republic Day Parade 2017

By the start of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the Regiment had expanded to 11 battalions. The sixth, seventh, eighth, tenth and eleventh battalions participated in operations in the eastern sector. 10 Bihar was conferred the theatre honour 'East Pakistan' for the capture of Akhaura. On 15 December 1971, a seaborne expedition was launched at Cox's Bazar to prevent Pakistani troops from escaping into Burma. 11 Bihar formed part of this amphibious task force. In the Western theatre of the war, 3 Bihar captured Wanjal.[12]

In the Spring of 1999, Pakistani soldiers posing as Kashmiri militants crossed the Line of Control (LoC) in Kargil and entered Indian territory. Operation Vijay was launched by the Indian Army to flush out the intruders. More than 10,000 soldiers and officers of the Bihar Regiment were deployed to Kargil.[13] In a well-planned operation in the Batalik sector, soldiers of 1 Bihar, in a fierce fight with the Pakistan Army, captured Point 4268 and Jubar Ridge in Kuker Thang area in the Batalik sector on the night 06/7 July 1999.[14]

On the night of 15 June 2020, soldiers of 16 Bihar Regiment were involved in a bloody skirmish at Galwan Valley, in Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Twenty Indian soldiers were killed, including the commanding-officer of 16 Bihar Colonel B. Santosh Babu.[15] According to Russian government owned TASS news agency, the fighting resulted in death of 45 Chinese soldiers.[16] As per an American intelligence assessment the skirmish led to the death of 35 Chinese soldiers including a commanding officer.[17]

Units of the regiment have also served in UN Peacekeeping operations in Somalia (UNOSOM),[18] the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC)[19] and Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS)

8 BIHAR Battalion has awarded Force Cdr UNMISS Unit Citation in 2022 & 2023.

Regimental Song

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https://indianarmy.nic.in/writereaddata/documents/Song%20Bihar.pdf

Deployments of units of the Bihar Regiment

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Units

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Regimental Battalions:

  • 1st Battalion
  • 2nd Battalion
  • 3rd Battalion
  • 4th Battalion
  • 5th Battalion
  • 6th Battalion
  • 7th Battalion
  • 8th Battalion
  • 9th Battalion
  • 10th Battalion
  • 11th Battalion
  • 12th Battalion
  • 14th Battalion
  • 15th Battalion
  • 16th Battalion
  • 17th Battalion
  • 18th Battalion
  • 19th Battalion
  • 20th Battalion
  • 21st Battalion
  • 22nd Battalion
  • 23rd Battalion

Rashtriya Rifles

  • 4 RR Battalion
  • 24 RR Battalion
  • 47 RR Battalion
  • 63 RR Battalion

Territorial Army

  • 120 Infantry Battalion (TA): Bhubaneswar, Odisha
  • 154 Infantry Battalion (TA): Brichgunj, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Decorations

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Theatre Honours

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The Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh presenting the President’s Colours, at Bihar Regimental Centre, in Danapur on November 19, 2016.
  • Theatre honour Burma 1942-45[20]
  • Theatre honour Akhaura, East Pakistan 1971[20]
  • Theatre honour Kargil[21] 1999

Battle Honours

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COAS Unit Citation

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  • 1992- 14 BIHAR
  • 1994- 10 BIHAR
  • 1998- 8 BIHAR, 17 BIHAR
  • 1999- 1 BIHAR
  • 2004- 5 BIHAR
  • 2013- 24 RR (BIHAR)
  • 2015- 2 BIHAR
  • 2018- 14 BIHAR, 47 RR (BIHAR)
  • 2020- 8 BIHAR, 11 BIHAR
  • 2024- 10 BIHAR

Gallantry awards

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The regiment is one of the highly decorated regiments of the Indian Army. The tally of awards till date are as under:[22]-

Pre-Independence

(i)   Distinguished Service Order (DSO ) - 02

(ii)   Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) -  03

(iii)  Military Cross (MC) -03

(iv)  Order of British India (OBI) - 04

(v)   Military Medal (MM) -   02

Post Independence

(i)    Ashoka Chakra (AC) - 04

(ii)   Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) - 07

(iii)   Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) - 03

(iv)   Kirti Chakra (KC) - 13

(v)  Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM ) - 49

(vi)  Vir Chakra (VrC ) - 16

(vii)  Shaurya Chakra (SC) - 47

(viii) Yudh Seva Medal (YSM) - 09

(ix)  Sena Medal (SM)- 200

(x)   Jivan Rakshak Padak - 07

(xi)  Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM) - 43

(xii)  Mention in Despatches  - 45

Name of the awardees of prominent awards from the regiment are as given below:

Ashoka Chakra

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Maha Vir Chakra

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Vir Chakra

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  • Major Mariappan Saravanan (Posthumous), 1 BIHAR, Kargil War[25]
  • Naik Ganesh Prasad Yadav, VrC, 1 BIHAR, Operation Vijay, Kargil War (1999).[26][27]
  • Colonel M M Ravi, 10 BIHAR, 1971 East Pakistan (Later Bangladesh)
  • Lt Col K P R Hari, 1 BIHAR[28]
  • Lt. Col. P.C. Sawhney, 10 BIHAR,1971 East Pakistan (Later Bangladesh)
  • Maj (Later Maj.Gen.) D.P.Singh, 10 BIHAR,1971 East Pakistan (Later Bangladesh)
  • Maj Harpal Singh Grewal (Posthumous), 8 BIHAR, 1971 East Pakistan (Later Bangladesh)[29]
  • Sub Ghama Oraon, 1 BIHAR, Sri Lanka[30]
  • Naik Shatrughan Singh, 1 BIHAR, Batalik sector, Kargil war (1999)[31]
  • Col P K Sinha, 15 BIHAR, Sri Lanka
  • Nb Sub Nudu Ram Soren, VrC (Posthumous), 16 BIHAR, (Op Snow Leopard)
  • NA Nk Deepak Kumar, VrC (Posthumous), 16 BIHAR, (Op Snow Leopard)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "The Bihar Regiment". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Bihar Regiment". indianarmy.nic.in. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  3. ^ "Why Bihar Regiment isn't only about soldiers from Bihar". The Times of India. 24 June 2020.
  4. ^ "1857 Indian uprising to Galwan clash: How Army's Bihar Regiment demolished 'non martial' tag". ThePrint. 24 June 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Bihar Regiment". Infantry. Official Website of Indian Army. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  6. ^ Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy, eds. (28 November 2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-415-41541-5. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Enfield Rifle". columbia.edu. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  8. ^ pp20, The Indian Mutiny: 1857, Saul David
  9. ^ a b "The Official Home Page of the Indian Army". www.indianarmy.nic.in. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  10. ^ Regiments Belong To The Nation, Not To A State: Sanjay Raut On Bihar Regiment Controversy | ABP News, retrieved 13 May 2022
  11. ^ a b "The Official Home Page of the Indian Army". www.indianarmy.nic.in. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  12. ^ John Pike. "Bihar Regiment". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  13. ^ "Bihar Regiment". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  14. ^ Sarkhar, Bhaskar (1999). Kargil War: Past, Present, and Future. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9781897829615. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  15. ^ "After Galwan fightback, 16 Bihar moving to Col Babu's home state". hindustantimes.com. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  16. ^ "The clash in May and June 2020, resulted in death of at least 20 Indian and 45 Chinese servicemen".
  17. ^ "American intelligence believes 35 Chinese troops died, including one senior officer, a source familiar with that assessment tells U.S. News".
  18. ^ Kumar, Amitava (2004). Husband Of A Fanatic. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143031895. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  19. ^ Gurung, Shaurya Karanbir (12 July 2018). "Attack on Indian UN peacekeepers by Congolese rebels". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  20. ^ a b Singh, Sarbans (1993). Battle Honours of the Indian Army 1757 - 1971. New Delhi: Vision Books. p. 328. ISBN 8170941156.
  21. ^ "History of the Regiment". Official Website of the Indian Army. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  22. ^ "Honours and Awards, Bihar Regiment".
  23. ^ "The Bihar Regimental Association". Retrieved 26 January 2015.[permanent dead link]
  24. ^ "Lt Col Shanti Swarup Rana". Indian Martyr. Archived from the original on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  25. ^ "Major Saravanan Memorial Trust". Retrieved 26 January 2015.[permanent dead link]
  26. ^ "Gallantry Awards | Ministry of Defence, Government of India". www.gallantryawards.gov.in. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  27. ^ "Naik Ganesh Prasad Yadav VrC | Honourpoint". 29 May 1999. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  28. ^ Staff Reporter (9 April 2010). "Surrendered ultras get training certificates". The Assam Tribune. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  29. ^ "Vir Chakra (VrC), Awardee: Maj Harpal Singh Grewal, VrC @ TWDI". twdi.in. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  30. ^ "Vir Chakra (VrC), Awardee: PA Nk Ghama Oraon, VrC @ TWDI". www.twdi.in. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  31. ^ "SHATRUGHAN SINGH | Gallantry Awards". gallantryawards.gov.in. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
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