Ten recitations
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The ten recitations or ten readings are ten Qira'ats and recitations of the Quran approved by scholars in their research to determine the frequent recitations.[1][2]
History
[edit]The Quran was revealed in seven ahruf or letters, and the letters are not only in writing, but also in pronunciation, meaning, vowel, endowment signs, and brevity, and due to the different accents and dialects of the Arabs to whom the Quran was revealed.[3]
Uthman ibn Affan compiled the Quran in one formation, and there are seven fixed recitations and three complementary readings of the seven, so the ten readings are completed, and all these readings and their pronouncements were reported by Muhammad, and were transmitted by the Sahaba, the Tabi'un, and so on.[4]
Spread
[edit]Most of these ten recitations are known by the scholars and people who have received them, and their number is due to their spreading in the Islamic world.[5][6]
However, the general population of Muslims dispersed in most countries of the Islamic world, their number estimated in the millions, read Hafs's narration on the authority of Aasim.[7]
In the countries of the Maghreb, they read by reciting Imam Nafi, who is the imam of the people of Medina, whether it is the narration of Warsh or the narration of Qalun.[8][9]
In Sudan and in Hadhramaut, they read the narration that Al-Duri narrated on the authority of Abu Amr.[10]
Presentation
[edit]When the ten recitations were scientifically stabilized, after an increase of three other readings added to the Ahruf and the recitations of the Seven readers by Imam Ibn al-Jazari, the total became ten readings, and these three added readings are the readings of these Imams:[11][12]
Recitations
[edit]The ten proven and verified recitations of the Imams Qāriʾs of the Quran are in order:[19]
- Nafiʽ al-Madani recitation.
- Ibn Kathir al-Makki recitation.
- Abu Amr of Basra recitation.
- Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi recitation.
- Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud recitation.
- Hamzah az-Zaiyyat recitation.
- Al-Kisa'i recitation.
- Abu Jaafar al-Madani recitation.
- Yaqoub al-Hadrami recitation.
- Khalaf ibn Hisham recitation.
Riwayaat
[edit]For each of the ten recitations, there are two reading versions or riwaya, which counts twenty confirmed riwayaat:[20]
| N° | Qāriʾ | Riwayaat |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | Nafiʽ al-Madani | |
| 02 | Ibn Kathir al-Makki | |
| 03 | Abu Amr of Basra | |
| 04 | Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi | |
| 05 | Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud | |
| 06 | Hamzah az-Zaiyyat | |
| 07 | Al-Kisa'i | |
| 08 | Abu Ja'far al-Madani | |
| 09 | Yaqoub al-Hadrami | |
| 10 | Khalaf ibn Hisham |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Al-Imam, Ahmad Ali (2006). Variant Readings of the Qurʼan: A Critical Study of Their Historical and ... - Ahmad Ali Al-Imam - Google Livres. International Institute of Islamic Thought. ISBN 9781565644205. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ Nasser, Shady (9 November 2012). The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Qurʾān: The Problem of ... - Shady Nasser - Google Livres. BRILL. ISBN 9789004241794. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ شاهين, عبد الصبور (January 2005). تاريخ القرآن - عبد الصبور شاهين - Google Livres. Nahdet Misr Publishing House. ISBN 9789771430421. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ نولدكه, تيودور. "تاريخ القران-أول - تيودور نولدكه - Google Livres". Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ منجد المقرئين ومرشد الطالبين - ابن الجزري/شمس الدين محمد بن محمد - Google Livres. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. January 1999. ISBN 9782745128447. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ البرهان في علوم القرآن - أبي عبد الله محمد بن بهادر/الزركشي - Google Livres. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. January 2018. ISBN 9782745155474. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ الدر الناظم لرواية حفص عن عاصم - عفيف الدين عثمان بن عمر بن أبي بكر الشافعي الناشري - Google Livres. Al Manhal. January 2016. ISBN 9796500325675. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ جامع البيان في القراءات السبع المشهورة - أبي عمرو عثمان بن سعيد/الداني - Google Livres. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. January 2012. ISBN 9782745134110. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ الوصفة الكاملة من كلام رب العالمين برواية ورش عن نافع - أبو عمار ميلود عبد الرحمن بنعتيك - Google Livres. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. January 2013. ISBN 9782745179029. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ الفضلي, عبد الهادي (6 August 2020). "تاريخ القراءات القرانية - عبد الهادي الفضلي - Google Livres". Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ Nöldeke, Theodor; Schwally, Friedrich; Bergsträßer, Gotthelf; Pretzl, Otto (2013-05-17). The History of the Qurʾān - Theodor Nφldeke, Friedrich Schwally, Gotthelf Bergstrδίer, Otto Pretzl - Google Livres. ISBN 978-9004228795. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ Jeffery, Arthur (1937). "Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran; The Old Codices - Google Livres". Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ Small, Keith E. (2011-04-22). Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts - Keith E. Small - Google Livres. ISBN 9780739142912. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ النشر في القراءات العشر - شمس الدين أبي الخير محمد بن محمد/ابن الجزري - Google Livres. January 2016. ISBN 9782745136954. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ Mattson, Ingrid (2013-02-18). The Story of the Qur'an: Its History and Place in Muslim Life - Ingrid Mattson - Google Livres. ISBN 9780470673492. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ الكفاية الكبرى في القراءات العشر - أبي العز محمد بن بندار/الواسطي القلانسي - Google Livres. January 2007. ISBN 9782745154095. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ المستنير في القراءات العشر - ابن سوار البغدادي/أبو طاهر أحمد بن علي - Google Livres. January 2010. ISBN 9782745152985. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ "شرح طيبة النشر في القراءات العشر - الجزء الأول - محمد بن محمد بن محمد بن علي النويري - Google Livres". Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ المصباح الزاهر في القراءات العشر البواهر 1-2 ج1 - أبو الكرم الشهرزوري/المبارك بن الحسن - Google Livres. January 2008. ISBN 9782745156877. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ تاريخ القراءات في المشرق والمغرب - محمد المختار ولد اباه ،الدكتور - Google Livres. January 2008. ISBN 9782745161956. Retrieved 2021-01-24.