Template:Graphical timeline/testcases

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Silurian graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

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P
a
l
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Ordovician

S
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l
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i
a
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Devonian

L
l
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d
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v
e
r
y

W
e
n
l
o
c
k

L
u
d
l
o
w

←

←

Mulde event^[1]

←

Ireviken
event^[2]

Silurian Sample

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P
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Ordovician

S
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Devonian

L
l
a
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d
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v
e
r
y

W
e
n
l
o
c
k

L
u
d
l
o
w

←

←

Mulde event^[1]

←

Ireviken
event^[2]

Silurian Sample

Devonian graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Events of the Devonian Period

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P
a
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o
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D
e
v
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i
a
n

Silurian

Carboniferous

L
o
w
e
r

M
i
d

U
p
p
e
r

←

Rhynie chert^[3]

←

Hangenberg event

←

Kellwasser event(s)^[4]

←

Widespread^[5]
shrubs & trees

←

S. America
glaciation begins

←

Hunsrück fauna

Key events of the Devonian Period.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Events of the Devonian Period

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P
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o
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D
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v
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n
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n

Silurian

Carboniferous

L
o
w
e
r

M
i
d

U
p
p
e
r

←

Rhynie chert^[3]

←

Hangenberg event

←

Kellwasser event(s)^[4]

←

Widespread^[5]
shrubs & trees

←

S. America
glaciation begins

←

Hunsrück fauna

Key events of the Devonian Period.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Ediacaran biota

Side by side comparison

The Ediacara biota in context

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Cryogenian

Ediacaran

Cambrian

←

Last Ediacaran communities

←

Last putative Ediacaran

←

Embryos?

←

Last extensive glaciation

←

First Ediacaran megafossil

←

Gaskiers
glaciation

←

Avalon explosion

Aspidella
discs

Charnia

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palaeozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: million years
References: Waggoner 1998,^[6] Hofmann 1990^[7]

The Ediacara biota in context

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Cryogenian

Ediacaran

Cambrian

←

Last Ediacaran communities

←

Last putative Ediacaran

←

Embryos?

←

Last extensive glaciation

←

First Ediacaran megafossil

←

Gaskiers
glaciation

←

Avalon explosion

Aspidella
discs

Charnia

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palaeozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: million years
References: Waggoner 1998,^[6] Hofmann 1990^[7]

Triassic graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Key events in the Triassic

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P
Z

M
e
s
o
z
o
i
c

Permian

T
r
i
a
s
s
i
c

Jurassic

E
a
r
l
y

M
i
d
d
l
e

L
a
t
e

←

←

Smithian-Spathian boundary extinction^[8]

←

Carnian Pluvial Event

←

Full recovery of woody trees^[9]

←

Coals return^[10]

←

Scleractinian
corals & calcified sponges^[11]

←

Triassic–Jurassic extinction event

An approximate timescale of key Triassic events.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.
(NOTE: The white links are for readability only. They are still clickable.)

Key events in the Triassic

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P
Z

M
e
s
o
z
o
i
c

Permian

T
r
i
a
s
s
i
c

Jurassic

E
a
r
l
y

M
i
d
d
l
e

L
a
t
e

←

←

Smithian-Spathian boundary extinction^[8]

←

Carnian Pluvial Event

←

Full recovery of woody trees^[9]

←

Coals return^[10]

←

Scleractinian
corals & calcified sponges^[11]

←

Triassic–Jurassic extinction event

An approximate timescale of key Triassic events.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.
(NOTE: The white links are for readability only. They are still clickable.)

Paleogene graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Key events in the Paleogene

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M
Z

C
e
n
o
z
o
i
c

Cretaceous

P
a
l
e
o
g
e
n
e

Neogene

P
a
l
e
o
c
e
n
e

E
o
c
e
n
e

O
l
i
g
o
c
e
n
e

←

←

First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets^[12]

←

K-Pg mass
extinction

An approximate timescale of key Paleogene events
Axis scale: millions of years ago

Key events in the Paleogene

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M
Z

C
e
n
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z
o
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c

Cretaceous

P
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n
e

Neogene

P
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c
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n
e

E
o
c
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n
e

O
l
i
g
o
c
e
n
e

←

←

First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets^[12]

←

K-Pg mass
extinction

An approximate timescale of key Paleogene events
Axis scale: millions of years ago

Burgsvik beds graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Subdivisions of the Burgsvik beds
after Manten (1971)

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Upper

Middle

Lower

Interbedded oolitic/oncolitic
lime-, sand- and mud-stones

Sandstone with minor muddy sand/mudstone

Mudstone and muddy sandstone. Rarely exposed.

Grain size -→
Vertical scale in Metres

Subdivisions of the Burgsvik beds
after Manten (1971)

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Upper

Middle

Lower

Interbedded oolitic/oncolitic
lime-, sand- and mud-stones

Sandstone with minor muddy sand/mudstone

Mudstone and muddy sandstone. Rarely exposed.

Grain size -→
Vertical scale in Metres

Early Echinoderms graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

L

M

U

Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Tribrachidium

Carpoids

Cambrian explosion

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

L

M

U

Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Tribrachidium

Carpoids

Cambrian explosion

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

No right annotations

Side by side comparison

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

L

M

U

Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Carpoids

Neoproterozoic

Palæozoic

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

L

M

U

Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Carpoids

Neoproterozoic

Palæozoic

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Canidae graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Evolution of the canids

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–

0 —

Cretaceous

Quaternary

←

←

First Hesperocyoninae

←

First Borophaginae

←

First Caninae

←

Modern-looking dogs

←

Canine
radiation

P
a
l
æ
o
g
e
n
e

N
e
o
g
e
n
e

Cenozoic

Mesozoic

An approximate timescale of key events in canid evolution.
For precise dates, see text.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.

↓

Evolution of the canids

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–

0 —

Cretaceous

Quaternary

←

←

First Hesperocyoninae

←

First Borophaginae

←

First Caninae

←

Modern-looking dogs

←

Canine
radiation

P
a
l
æ
o
g
e
n
e

N
e
o
g
e
n
e

Cenozoic

Mesozoic

An approximate timescale of key events in canid evolution.
For precise dates, see text.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.

↓

Small shelly fauna graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

"Small shellies" in context

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

←

Small shelly fauna

←

Ediacara biota

←

Maotianshan shales

←

Tommotian age

←

Cambrian explosion, if sudden

←

Ediacaran shelly fauna

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

References for dates:
Ediacara biota^[13]
Small shelly fauna^[14], but may have been longer^[15]^[16]
Tommotian age^[17]
Cambrian explosion^[18]

Maotianshan shales^[19]

"Small shellies" in context

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–

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–

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–

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–

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–

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–

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–

−520 —

–

−510 —

Ediacaran

Cambrian

←

Small shelly fauna

←

Ediacara biota

←

Maotianshan shales

←

Tommotian age

←

Cambrian explosion, if sudden

←

Ediacaran shelly fauna

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

References for dates:
Ediacara biota^[13]
Small shelly fauna^[14], but may have been longer^[15]^[16]
Tommotian age^[17]
Cambrian explosion^[18]

Maotianshan shales^[19]

References

^ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (2): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377. S2CID 129308139.
^ Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. Bibcode:2003PPP...195...99M. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
^ Parry, S. F.; Noble, S. R.; Crowley, Q. G.; Wellman, C. H. (2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). London: Geological Society: 863–872. Bibcode:2011JGSoc.168..863P. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043. S2CID 128679831.
^ Kaufmann, B.; Trapp, E.; Mezger, K. (2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)" (PDF). The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/421077. S2CID 129963970.
^ Algeo, T. J. (1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195. PMC 1692181.
^ Waggoner, Ben (1998). "Interpreting the Earliest Metazoan Fossils: What Can We Learn?". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 38 (6): 975–982. doi:10.1093/icb/38.6.975. ISSN 1540-7063. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
^ Hofmann, H.J.; Narbonne, G.M.; Aitken, J.D. (1990). "Ediacaran remains from intertillite beds in northwestern Canada". Geology. 18 (12): 1199–1202. Bibcode:1990Geo....18.1199H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1199:ERFIBI>2.3.CO;2.
^ Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; Vennemann, Torsten; Bagherpour, Borhan; Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke; Goudemand, Nicolas; Schaltegger, Urs (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.
^ McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.
^ |note5-nudge-down=1 Retallack, G. J.; Veevers, J.; Morante, R. (1996). "Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants". GSA Bulletin. 108 (2): 195–207. Bibcode:1996GSAB..108..195R. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
^ Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004). "Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction". Science. 305 (5683): 506–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..506P. doi:10.1126/science.1097023. PMID 15273391. S2CID 35498132.
^ Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change. 47 (1): 51–66. Bibcode:2005GPC....47...51Z. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001.
^ Brasier, M. & Antcliffe, J. (20 August 2004). "Decoding the Ediacaran Enigma". Science. 305 (5687): 1115–1117. doi:10.1126/science.1102673. PMID 15326344. S2CID 128702365. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
^ Bengtson, S. (2004). Lipps, J.H.; Waggoner, B.M. (eds.). "Early skeletal fossils" (PDF). Neoproterozoic- Cambrian Biological Revolutions. Paleontological Society Papers. 10: 67–78. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
^ Porter, S.M. (April 2004). "Closing the Phosphatization Window: Testing for the Influence of Taphonomic Megabias on the Pattern of Small Shelly Fossil Decline" (PDF). PALAIOS. 19 (2): 178–183. Bibcode:2004Palai..19..178P. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0178:CTPWTF>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 33128487. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
^ Dzik, J. (1994). "Evolution of 'small shelly fossils' assemblages of the early Paleozoic". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 39 (3): 27–313. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
^ "The Tommotian Age". Retrieved 2008-07-30.
^ Cowen, R. (2000). History of Life (3rd ed.). Blackwell Science. p. 63. ISBN 0-632-04444-6.
^ Hou, X-G; Aldridge, R.J.; Bengstrom, J.; Siveter, D.J. & Feng, X-H (2004). The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China. Blackwell Science. p. 233.

[Jeppsson2007-1] Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (2): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377. S2CID 129308139.

[Munnecke2003-2] Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. Bibcode:2003PPP...195...99M. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.

[Parry-3] Parry, S. F.; Noble, S. R.; Crowley, Q. G.; Wellman, C. H. (2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). London: Geological Society: 863–872. Bibcode:2011JGSoc.168..863P. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043. S2CID 128679831.

[Kaufmann2004-4] Kaufmann, B.; Trapp, E.; Mezger, K. (2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)" (PDF). The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/421077. S2CID 129963970.

[Algeo1998-5] Algeo, T. J. (1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195. PMC 1692181.

[Waggoner1998t-6] Waggoner, Ben (1998). "Interpreting the Earliest Metazoan Fossils: What Can We Learn?". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 38 (6): 975–982. doi:10.1093/icb/38.6.975. ISSN 1540-7063. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2007.

[7] Hofmann, H.J.; Narbonne, G.M.; Aitken, J.D. (1990). "Ediacaran remains from intertillite beds in northwestern Canada". Geology. 18 (12): 1199–1202. Bibcode:1990Geo....18.1199H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1199:ERFIBI>2.3.CO;2.

[8] Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; Vennemann, Torsten; Bagherpour, Borhan; Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke; Goudemand, Nicolas; Schaltegger, Urs (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.

[McElwain2007-9] McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.

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