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Tegart fort

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The Tegart police fort at Latrun

A Tegart fort is a type of militarized police fort constructed throughout Palestine during the British Mandatory period,[1] initiated as a measure against the 1936–1939 Arab Revolt.

Etymology

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Tegart police station, Nahalal.

The forts are named after their designer, the Irish police officer and engineer Sir Charles Tegart.

In Israel, the name is often pronounced "Taggart".[2] This is probably due to the transliteration of the name to Hebrew and then back to Latin alphabet, along with the translator's wrong assumption that the most common way of writing this anglicised Scottish surname has to be applied ("Taggart" is far more widespread than "Tegart").

History

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Mandate Palestine

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Sir Charles Tegart designed the forts in 1938 based on his experiences in the Indian insurgency. They were built of reinforced concrete with water systems that would allow them to withstand a month-long siege.[3]

The contracts for the construction of the forts was given to Solel Boneh, the building arm of the Jewish trade union Histadrut.[4]

Types

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Two types of forts were erected:

Border forts
Five structures were built to reinforce the so-called "Tegart's wall" of the northern border with Lebanon and Syria, using a specific design.[4]
Inland forts
Dozens more, of a different design to the northern forts and sharing a common basic plan, were built at strategic intersections in the interior of Palestine.[4]

Israel

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Many of them can still be seen in Israel today, and continue to be used as police stations[3] and jails.[5] One houses Camp 1391 prison for "high-risk" prisoners.[6]

The Tegart fort in Ma'alot-Tarshiha, now a police station, is being restored as a historical landmark, attracting the attention of preservationists and tourists.[3]

West Bank

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In the West Bank, several such forts, now known as Mukataa (Arabic: المقاطعة, "District") are used as offices and administrative centers of the Palestinian National Authority.

The Ramallah Mukataa, damaged by Israeli forces in the 2002 Operation Defensive Shield and the later siege during the Second Intifada, was later restored and added to under President Mahmoud Abbas, obscuring the lines of the original British structure.

The fort in Hebron was used as the headquarters of the Jordanian administration between 1949 and 1967, of the Israeli military governor between 1967 and 1997, and of the Palestinian Authority's governor between 1997 and 2002. It was destroyed in 2002 during the Second Intifada, when the city was recaptured by Israeli forces in Operation Defensive Shield.

Gaza Strip

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The police station in Gaza City was bombed in 2008.

The fort at Khan Yunis was destroyed during the 1955 Operation Elkayam.

The police station at Sukat as-Sufi stood on the Egyptian border at c. 6-7km SE of Rafah.

List of Tegart forts in Mandatory Palestine

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The Latrun Museum
Tegart fort at Kibbutz Sasa
Metzudat Yoav, the Givati Brigade Museum in the former Iraq Suwaydan fort
Gesher Police Station
Ein Tina Police Station in Wadi Amud near Hukok

A progressing list. Not all British Mandate police stations listed below correspond to the definition of a "Tegart fort", although they were all part of the same security building project from 1940-41, with later additions.

British name of the fort, current location name (if it changed), history, current state/use:

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tegart forts.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Connolly, Kevin. "Charles Tegart and the forts that tower over Israel". Jerusalem: BBC News. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  2. ^ a b Rubinstein, Danny (2006-08-06). "The seven lost villages". Haaretz. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007.
  3. ^ a b c Ashkenazi, Eli (11 December 2012). "Galilee police station reveals Mandate-era charms". Haaretz. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Ross, Andrew (2019) Stone Men. The Palestinians Who Built Israel. Verso. ISBN 978-1-78873-026-6 p. 40
  5. ^ Anton La Guardia, Jericho Jail Creates Own Modern History, Los Angeles Times, reproduced in Arab News, March 24, 2006 accessed at 2007-02-28 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ McGreal, Chris (14 November 2003). "Facility 1391: Israel's Secret Prison". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  7. ^ Beit Hativat Givati (Givati Division House) Museum. The Council for Conservation of Heritage Sites in Israel. Retrieved 5 Oct 2024.
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