Taxeringskalendern
Taxeringskalendern (English: 'the tax annual' or 'the tax calendar') is the Swedish blanket term for a directory that contains public information on taxed income from work and capital of all natural persons above 18 years of age in Sweden.[1] Some taxeringskalender also include the income of legal persons. Sweden and the Swedish Tax Agency apply a uniquely, at least compared internationally, high legal transparency regarding the material privacy of individual citizens, only equivalent to Norway and Finland.
In Sweden, the first taxeringskalender was published in 1905 (however, the dictionary Svenska Akademiens ordbok attests the word first in 1923).[1][2] The two first publishers were AB Förenade Kalenderföretagen, owned by Albert Bonniers förlag, and Kalenderförlaget i Västerås AB.[3] Until 2008, it also contained asset data on individuals, but since the wealth tax was revoked on January 1, 2007, this is no longer published.
The information comes from the Swedish Tax Agency, which, in turn, gets its information from the tax return. All records are based on the previous year. Thus 2020's taxeringskalender is based on tax returns from 2019, which in turn is based on the income from 2018. This may render the taxeringskalender outdated if the person in question has gotten another job or a pay increase. People who e.g. sold their house without buying a new house, such as moving into the house of a new spouse, may have a very high one-time income listed. Newspapers annually list the highest incomes in their publication area.
Today the taxeringskalender is published by Kalenderförlaget in Solna. It is divided by county and is represented by 23 separate editions. Later editions contain a Top-100 list of the country's and individual municipalities' largest earners. The average income (divided by age group) is available for Sweden as a whole as well as by each municipality. In 2016, a top list for limited companies was introduced.[4]
Credit agencies have electronic versions of the taxeringskalender from the Swedish Tax Agency and disclose information for payment.
Principle of public access to official records
[edit]In Sweden tax returns are covered by confidentiality according to Chapter 27 § 1 Offentlighets- och sekretesslagen (2009:400). According to § 6, however, confidentiality according to 1 and 3 §§ does not apply to decisions whereby tax or pensionable income is determined or basis for determining the tax is established.[5][spelling?][clarification needed]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Westrin, Theodor, ed. (1919). "Volume 28". Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk Familjeboks Förlags Aktiebolag. p. 557. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
Sådana kalendrar började utges 1905
- ^ "Svenska Akademins Ordlista" (in Swedish). Svenska Akademin. 2003. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
3. RegRiksdP 1911—20 3: 332 (1923). Anseende och social ställning bestäms inte av skapande förmåga och medborgerlig förtjänst, utan av siffrorna i taxeringskalendern. Selander Modernt 78 (1932). —
- ^ "Alfabetiskt firmaregister". Sveriges handelskalender (in Swedish). 1971. p. 325. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ^ "Om". Taxeringskalendern.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ^ Ministry of Justice. "Offentlighets- och sekretesslag (2009:400)". Riksdagen (in Swedish). Stockholm: Sveriges Riksdag. Retrieved 23 February 2020.