Talk:Suicide bag/Source dump

This is a list of sources that discuss suicide bags in more than just a passing mention. Categories are based off of MedAssess pyramid.

Independent sources

Third-party, no COI, editorial oversight

Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, lit reviews (peer-reviewed)

1. Frost (2013) "Death by self-inflicted asphyxia with helium – First case reports from Norway and review of the literature". Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science. Volume 19, No 2, p. 52-54. doi: 10.2478/sjfs-2013-0010
   • No PMID, because the journal is not indexed by PubMed. Free (gratis) copy of article stored on a university hospital's website.
2. Howard et al (2011) "Suicide By Asphyxiation Due to Helium Inhalation" American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology. Volume 32, Issue 1, p. 61-70. DOI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181ed7a2d. ISSN 0195-7910 PMID 21394956
   • Both Catalyst and Ulrich say this article in American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology is peer-reviewed.
   • The journal's impact factor is 0.624.
3. Witt et al. 2012. Helium Inhalation in Adolescents: Characteristics of Users and Prevalence of Use. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. Volume 44, Issue 5, p. 365. DOI 10.1080/02791072.2012.736803. PMID 23457887. ISSN 21599777

Primary sources (peer-reviewed)

Retrospective case reviews tend to have access to more cases than the more recent case reports, so they're separated, but it may not be an important distinction to make.

Case reports

1. Auwaerter et al. (August 2007). "Toxicological analysis after asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag". Forensic Science International. 170 (2–3): 139–41. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.027.PMID 17628370.
2. Gallagher KE, Smith DM, Mellen PF (2003). "Suicidal asphyxiation by using pure helium gas: case report, review, and discussion of the influence of the internet". Am J Forensic Med Pathol 24 (4): 361–3. doi:10.1097/01.paf.0000097856.31249.ac. PMID 14634476.
3. Maryam A, Elham B (2010). "Deaths involving natural gas inhalation". Toxicol Ind Health 26 (6): 345–7. doi:10.1177/0748233710369122. PMID 20430818.
4. Oosting R, van der Hulst R, Peschier L, Verschraagen M (2015). "Toxicological findings in three cases of suicidal asphyxiation with helium". Forensic Sci. Int. 256: 38–41. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.028. PMID 26298854.
5. Schön CA, Ketterer T (December 2007). "Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of helium inside a plastic bag". The American Journal Of Forensic Medicine And Pathology 28 (4): 364–7. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31815b4c69. PMID 18043029.
6. Smedra A, Szustowski S, Jurczyk AP, Klemm J, Szram S, Berent J (2015). "Suicidal asphyxiation by using helium - two case reports". Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol 65 (1): 37–46. PMID 26007160.
7. Straka L, Novomesky F, Gavel A, Mlynar J, Hejna P (2013). "Suicidal nitrogen inhalation by use of scuba full-face diving mask". J. Forensic Sci. 58 (5): 1384–7. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12239. PMID 23899346.
8. Zivkovic, V.; Jukovic, F.; Nikolic, S. "[Suicidal asphyxiation by propane-butane mixture inside a plastic bag: case report].". Srp Arh Celok Lek 138 (5-6): 376–8. PMID 20607988.

Retrospective case review

1. Austin et al (2011) "Recent Trends in Suicides Utilizing Helium". Journal of Forensic Sciences (Wiley-Blackwell). May2011, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p649-651. 3p.
2. Cantrell L, Lucas J (2014). "Suicide by non-pharmaceutical poisons in San Diego County". Clin Toxicol (Phila) 52 (3): 171–5. doi:10.3109/15563650.2014.888734. PMID 24580055.
3. Chang SS, Cheng Q, Lee ES, Yip PS (2016). "Suicide by gassing in Hong Kong 2005-2013: Emerging trends and characteristics of suicide by helium inhalation". J Affect Disord 192: 162–6. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.026. PMID 26724695.
4. Cox D, DeRienz R, Jufer Phipps RA, Levine B, Jacobs A, Fowler D (2006). "Distribution of ether in two postmortem cases". J Anal Toxicol 30 (8): 635–7. PMID 17132265.
5. Gunnell D, Coope C, Fearn V, Wells C, Chang SS, Hawton K, Kapur N (2015). "Suicide by gases in England and Wales 2001-2011: evidence of the emergence of new methods of suicide". J Affect Disord 170: 190–5. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.055. PMID 25254616.

Other primary

1. Kleespies PM (2010) "Psychological and ethical considerations concerning the debreather and assisted suicide: a commentary on Ogden." Death Studies. Volume 34, Issue 4, p. 318. PMID 24479189
2. Werth JL Jr (2001) "Policy and psychosocial considerations associated with non-physician assisted suicide: a commentary on ogden." Death Studies. Volume 25, Issue 5, p. 403. PMID 11806410

Not peer-reviewed

Mainstream newspapers, expert blogs, etc.

1. Associated Press (26 February 2009). "Helium, hoods used by assisted suicide group" msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
2. Connell, Tim (2011). "Dr Death ignites right to die debate". - Local News - Great Lakes Advocate greatlakesadvocate.com.au. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
3. de Bruxelles, Simon (May 6, 2009). "‘Dr Death’ Paul Nitschke reveals secrets of a peaceful exit". London:The Times TimesOnline (News International). Retrieved 25 July 2011.
4. Ertelt, Steven (10 May 2011). "Oregon Senate Votes to Stop Sale of “Suicide Kits,” Hoods". lifenews.com. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
5. MSNBC News Service, with Reuters and the Associated Press (26 May 2011) "Federal agents raid California suicide kit seller"
6. Marker, Rita "Patience and Plastic Bags", Human Life Review, 2003; 29(2):30-46 Spring 2003 PMID 14682336
7. Marosi, Richard (May 30, 2011). "Suicide kits: Woman selling 'suicide kits' reignites right-to-die debate". Los Angeles Times Retrieved 27 July 2011.
8. Williams, Martin (30 March 2016) "Scots assisted death and abortion pioneer dies, aged 89" Glasgow: The Herald. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
9. "Dicing with death". The Sydney Morning Herald 19 December 2002. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
10. "Dr Death attempts to dodge film law". The Nelson Mail 5 February 2002. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
11. "Helium in an "exit bag" new choice for suicide". Vancouver Sun Retrieved 2008-12-19.
12. "Outrage over suicide bag giveaway" – The Sydney Morning Herald 2002-07-09. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
13. Michael Maloney Death Scene Investigations: Procedural Guide CRC Press (2012) |page 124 OCLC 785074709
14. Russel D. Ogden "Observing a Self-Chosen Death" in Demarginalizing Voices: Commitment, Emotion, and Action in Qualitative Research Jennifer M. Kilty, Maritza Felices-Luna, and Sheryl C. Fabian (eds.) UBC Press (2014) [1] OCLC 884616461

Non-independent sources

"In-universe," COIs, self-published

Peer-reviewed articles

1. Ogden, RD. (Jun 2010). "Observation of two suicides by helium inhalation in a prefilled environment.". Am J Forensic Med Pathol 31 (2): 156–61. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181d749d7. PMID 20216304.
   • Catalyst database doesn't list this article as peer-reviewed, but Ulrich does list the journal as peer-reviewed.
   • The journal's impact factor is 0.624.
2. Ogden, RD.; Hamilton, WK.; Whitcher, C. (Mar 2010). "Assisted suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium at a Swiss right-to-die organisation.". J Med Ethics 36 (3): 174–9. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.032490. PMID 20211999.
3. Ogden RD, Hassan S (2011). "Suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium: a preliminary study of British Columbia coroner investigations". Death Stud 35 (4): 338–64. PMID 24501824.
4. Ogden RD, Wooten RH (September 2002). "Asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag". The American Journal Of Forensic Medicine And Pathology 23 (3): 234–7. doi:10.1097/01.PAF.0000022963.33157.9B. PMID 12198347.
   • The journal's impact factor is 0.624.

Not peer-reviewed

Books and other sources

1. Chabot, Boudewijn Dignified Dying
2. Chabot, Boudewijn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION TO THE FILM ON THE HELIUM METHOD
3. Denton, Andrew (2011). "Enough Rope with Andrew Denton - episode 157: Philip Nitschke (19/11/2007)". abc.net.au. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
4. Docker, Chris (2013). "Helium". Five Last Acts - The Exit Path. ISBN 9781482594096.
5. Hofsess, John; Docker C; Smith C; Dunn B (1995). John Hofsess, ed. Beyond Final Exit. Right to Die Society of Canada. p. 112. ISBN 1-896533043.
6. Humphry, Derek (2015-04-24). "Australian warning on diluted helium tanks". Retrieved 2015-07-23.
7. Humphry, Derek (1992). Final Exit: the Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying. New York: Delta Trade Paperback. ISBN 0-385-33653-5.
8. Humphry, Derek (2002). Final Exit: the Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying (3rd edition). New York: Delta Trade Paperback. ISBN 978-0-385-33653-6.
9. Humphry, Derek (2000). Supplement to Final Exit. Norris Lane Press and ERGO. "This supplement is an addition to the main volume, explaining the new technique of using inert gases..." (from the back cover)
10. Humphry, Derek (2015-04-24). "Warning on diluted helium tanks". Assisted Dying Blog. Derek Humphry. Retrieved2016-04-17.
11. "The Nitrogen Alternative" (PDF). Exit International. January 2009. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
12. Stewart Fiona and Nitschke Philip The Peaceful Pill Handbook
13. Dying at Home with Helium

Dump (unsorted)

I don't think these ones are on topic, but I'll take a closer look tomorrow

• Hiss J, Kahana T, Arensburg B (1994). "Suicidal asphyxia by gas mask". Am J Forensic Med Pathol 15 (3): 213–5. PMID 7825551.
• Rossi et al. 2013. An unusual suicide: asphyxia by methane gas. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology. Volume 34, Issue 2, p. 83.
• Sharp ME, Dautbegovic T (2001). "Ether: stability in preserved blood samples and a case of ether-assisted suicide". J Anal Toxicol 25 (7): 628–30. PMID 11599613.

Citeclutter removed from article

<ref name="pmid24580055">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cantrell L, Lucas J |title=Suicide by non-pharmaceutical poisons in San Diego County |journal=Clin Toxicol (Phila) |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=171–5 |year=2014 |pmid=24580055 |doi=10.3109/15563650.2014.888734 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid21361949">{{cite journal |vauthors=Austin A, Winskog C, van den Heuvel C, Byard RW |title=Recent trends in suicides utilizing helium |journal=J. Forensic Sci. |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=649–51 |year=2011 |pmid=21361949 |doi=10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01723.x |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid23899346">{{cite journal |vauthors=Straka L, Novomesky F, Gavel A, Mlynar J, Hejna P |title=Suicidal nitrogen inhalation by use of scuba full-face diving mask |journal=J. Forensic Sci. |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=1384–7 |year=2013 |pmid=23899346 |doi=10.1111/1556-4029.12239 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid17132265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox D, DeRienz R, Jufer Phipps RA, Levine B, Jacobs A, Fowler D |title=Distribution of ether in two postmortem cases |journal=J Anal Toxicol |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=635–7 |year=2006 |pmid=17132265 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid14634476">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gallagher KE, Smith DM, Mellen PF |title=Suicidal asphyxiation by using pure helium gas: case report, review, and discussion of the influence of the internet |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=361–3 |year=2003 |pmid=14634476 |doi=10.1097/01.paf.0000097856.31249.ac |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid11599613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharp ME, Dautbegovic T |title=Ether: stability in preserved blood samples and a case of ether-assisted suicide |journal=J Anal Toxicol |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=628–30 |year=2001 |pmid=11599613 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid7825551">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hiss J, Kahana T, Arensburg B |title=Suicidal asphyxia by gas mask |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=213–5 |year=1994 |pmid=7825551 |doi= |url=}}</ref>

Discussion

A search of Google books for exit bag brings up a lot of hits. We could really expand this article with all these sources, it's just a matter of having enough time Ratel (talk) 07:52, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Yes, and we could give DUE weight to all views! :-P PermStrump(talk) 08:10, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Absolutely! I've always welcomed more input to this and related articles. The article's biggest problem is lack of editor interest in presenting any views at all. If there is a case to be made that the bag is inefficient, does not kill peacefully and reliably (let's not use cases where the person has also imbibed known emetic drugs please), or is being used by young people with mental problems (some evidence suggests this is so), it should be in the article. I'm the first to admit that the bag+gas is not an unalloyed good thing, that there is going to be collateral damage, but I don't see convincing evidence that suicide numbers in toto are rising significantly globally because of this data on the 'net (and not only on WP by any means). The proportion of people using this method is increasing from very low numbers to low numbers, seems to be the claim. Ratel (talk) 12:33, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Footnotes: I put a footnote next to newspapers that I'm not familiar, because the other day I was working on an article with the existing sources and realized later that one of the ones with a legit-looking website was apparently a British tabloid. Anyone from those countries or familiar with those newspapers can take off the footnotes if you know it's a mainstream, non-tabloid source. I just didn't want to give the impression that I was vouching for them. PermStrump(talk) 08:10, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Independence

What is the justification for saying that Ogden is "non-independent"? Does he earn more money if this method is used more? Or are you misusing this term to say "he's WP:BIASED"? WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:07, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Yeah, that's a bit odd, permstrump. Ogden does have a particular view, however so do most researchers if you read them carefully. But to say he is not independent is sneaky way of devaluing his research. Ratel (talk) 21:22, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

His notability and reputation are based on his association with this topic. PermStrump(talk) 23:43, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Quite, but many researchers' reputations are linked to their topics of expertise. That does not justify listing him under a COI-type heading.

Anyway, that aside, the article itself does read a bit better now, so thanks for the input. I'm just wondering if it's worth ploughing through all these sources looking for extra material. I think most bases are covered by the article now, so with time limited .... Certainly the history section is not finished. There is no mention of NuTech's role, and that's not fair to them. Ratel (talk) 10:08, 11 May 2016 (UTC)

PermStrump, that's not independence. Under that misinterpretation, we could never cite anything by Einstein on relativity, because "his notability and reputation are based on his association with this topic". Being an expert is never a COI or a sign of non-independence. WhatamIdoing (talk) 13:26, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

I cited a source that called him a right-to-die advocate in the article. There are others if you google it. PermStrump(talk) 13:31, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

So what? "Being a right-to-die advocate" is compatible with being independent. "Being a right-to-die advocate" means that you're WP:BIASED. It does not mean that you have a conflict of interests. WhatamIdoing (talk) 14:03, 13 May 2016 (UTC)