Talk:Relapse

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Psychology Mid‑importance

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Pharmacology Mid‑importance

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Ummmm...I'm not positive on this, but I think this page was accidentally edited and hasn't been reverted back. Quietpopcorn (talk) 10:45, 3 June 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Other medical conditions besides drug abuse?

I mean, someone can have a relapse of pneumonia, a relapse of a fever, etc, etc.

I think it would be better to have an entirely separate article as this article is on drug abuse. Cool Nerd (talk) 19:22, 4 June 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the edit this page link at the top.
The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). WhatamIdoing (talk) 01:09, 20 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]

We don't have a relapse (disease) (yet) but this article should perhaps be renamed relapse (drug abuse) ? - Rod57 (talk) 01:26, 8 December 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Nicotine

In my understanding, nicotine is BOTH a stimulant (if you take short puffs) and a depressant (if you take a long drag). Also, cigarettes contain an anti-depressant (harmene). See the article on Nicotine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.1.164.69 (talk) 19:13, 6 August 2013 (UTC)[reply]

This article is misnamed or miswritten....relapse is not a drug abuse term.

For some reason only the first line of this article appears to be about the topic....the rest is very specific drug abuse info.

It's not clear to me how this page can be flagged, but it should be. 72.214.40.164 (talk) 17:38, 20 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Removed "causes" section

I'm pasting this entire section from the main page to here because it seems to be just general information about addiction with no particular relevance to the causes of relapse, despite the title. ❃Adelaide❃ (talk) 13:09, 28 June 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Substances that may cause addiction or dependence include:

Stimulants increase activity in the cerebral cortex leading to increased motor activity.
Depressants slow down neuronal activity.
- Benzodiazepines (i.e.: Xanax)
- Opioids activate or block opioid receptors in the brain typically to reduce the effect of pain. Some common opioids are:
  - Morphine
  - Methadone
  - Opium
  - Heroin
- Alcohol produces disinhibition in the nervous system when introduced, and it depresses the frontal cortex while speeding up the rest of the brain. This can lead to decreased ability to perceive and evaluate risks and make good decisions, and other characteristics of what is commonly known as intoxication.
Nicotine is neither a stimulant nor a depressant but rather a chemical that is absorbed by the skin and mucous membranes and activates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.^[1]

DEA schedules of controlled substances

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has categorized controlled substances into 5 major categories based on the drug’s intended use and potential for addiction and dependence. Drugs with the highest addictive potential are listed in DEA Schedules I and II. Schedule I drugs are those with no accepted medical or therapeutic use whereas Schedule II drugs are those that can be used therapeutically but may lead to severe physical or psychological dependence.^[2]

Addictive potential

The addictive potential of a drug varies greatly between substances and is based on both the rewarding and reinforcing properties of a drug. Addictive drugs tend to induce euphoria, otherwise known as a drug high.

Categories of harm

The three main categories of harm are the physical harm of the drug to the user, the drug’s tendency to cause dependence, and effects of the drug on society.

Physical harm

The first category can be further divided into three parameters of harm: acute physical harm, chronic physical harm, and intravenous harm. Acute harm is defined as the immediate effects associated with use of the given drug such as respiratory depression or myocardial infarction. Chronic harm is the consequence of continued and repeated use such as psychosis or lung disease. Lastly, intravenous harm refers to problems associated with the route of administration such as the spread of blood-borne pathogens like HIV.^[3]

Dependence

The second parameter of harm is subdivided into two categories: the physical dependence and psychological dependence.^[3]

Social harm

This category is subdivided into the last three parameters: intoxication, other social harms, and healthcare costs. These parameters attempt to rate a drug’s impact on families, communities, and societies.^[3] The nine parameters used to evaluate addictive potential of various substances:

Category of harm	Parameter	Subgroup
Physical harm	1	Acute
	2	Chronic
	3	Intravenous harm
Dependence	4	Intensity of pleasure
	5	Psychological dependence
	6	Physical dependence
Social harm	7	Intoxication
	8	Other social harms
	9	Health-care costs

References

^ Erickson CK (2007). The science of addiction: from neurobiology to treatment. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-70463-7.
^ Section 812. Schedules of Controlled Substances. (2007). Retrieved November 21, 2011 from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/812.htm
^ ^a ^b ^c Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831.

[isbn0-393-70463-7-1] Erickson CK (2007). The science of addiction: from neurobiology to treatment. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-70463-7.

[2] Section 812. Schedules of Controlled Substances. (2007). Retrieved November 21, 2011 from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/812.htm

[nutt-3] Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831.

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