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Based on surviving inscriptions, the office of polemarch survived in Athens continued there long after the Roman conquest, IIRC into the second century AD, if not later. I would add this to the article, if I could come up with the source I saw this in easily, & will if I stumble across one again. The only proof I can only offer that this was true is my surprise at seeing this office mentioned in one of the sources I'm using in the list of Athenian eponymous archons: I could not believe that the Romans would allow a subject people to maintain their own independent military organization. However, further reading showed that the office of polemarch by the last centuries BC had about as much to do with military activities -- their primary attested responsibilities were limited to overseeing the operation of Athenian military academies -- as the contemporary Kentucky colonels. -- llywrch (talk) 19:08, 26 July 2014 (UTC)[reply]